中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (19): 3291-3308.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.19.002
蒲媛媛,赵玉红,武军艳,刘丽君,白静,马骊,牛早霞,金姣姣,方彦,李学才,孙万仓()
收稿日期:
2019-04-19
接受日期:
2019-05-30
出版日期:
2019-10-01
发布日期:
2019-10-11
通讯作者:
孙万仓
作者简介:
蒲媛媛,E-mail:vampirepyy@126.com。
基金资助:
PU YuanYuan,ZHAO YuHong,WU JunYan,LIU LiJun,BAI Jing,MA Li,NIU ZaoXia,JIN JiaoJiao,FANG Yan,LI XueCai,SUN WanCang()
Received:
2019-04-19
Accepted:
2019-05-30
Online:
2019-10-01
Published:
2019-10-11
Contact:
WanCang SUN
摘要:
【目的】 通过对12个北方强冬性甘蓝型油菜的抗寒性进行比较,并运用3种鉴定方法对其抗寒性进行明确划分,为北方甘蓝型冬油菜抗寒性改良提供科学可靠的鉴定方法及优良的抗寒种质。【方法】 以12个北方强冬性甘蓝型油菜为材料,通过观察记载冬前植株形态、统计田间越冬率、计算半致死温度(LT50)、测定冬前低温下生理指标和比较分析冬油菜春播后品种(系)间生长发育的差异、春化率的差异与抗寒性的关系,来比较分析品种间抗寒性的差异,接着运用LT50、隶属函数综合评价法和春化差异比较的方法对参试材料的抗寒性强弱进一步进行了明确划分。【结果】 参试材料在甘肃天水(34°60′N,海拔1 084—1 650 m)越冬率为92.1%—97.8%,北移至兰州(36°73′N、海拔1 517 m)和上川(36°03′N、海拔2 150 m),越冬率大幅度降低,兰州越冬率为36.0%—78.6%(地膜覆盖),上川越冬率仅为0—14.4%(地膜覆盖),甘肃农业大学新育成的16TS 309-4、16TS 306-3、16TS 309-10、15NS 45-4、2016 8(G)和2016TSG(10)强冬性甘蓝型冬油菜品系,平均越冬率为10.2%—14.4%(上川)。上述品系越冬前植株生长习性趋于匍匐生长,心叶色和幼茎色呈黄绿色或紫色,叶片颜色深绿,地下部干物质积累大于地上部,根冠比增加,介于0.23—0.95,且差异显著(P<0.05)。低温条件下,叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)酶活性、可溶性蛋白质(soluble protein)、可溶性糖(soluble sugar)和游离脯氨酸(proline)含量相对较高,且LT50较低,在-13.4—-5.7℃。冬油菜春播后,12个参试材料的田间春化率介于4.05%—87.65%,2016TS(G)10春化率最低,为4.05%,小区平均株高为10.77 cm,未现蕾阶段的植株薹高10.50 cm,现蕾阶段的植株薹高17.10 cm,均为品种(系)间最低。相关性分析表明,春化率与平均株(薹)高、成熟期植株所占比例和LT50极显著正相关,相关系数达0.90—0.96,与越冬率、综合评价(D)值、CAT、POD、SP呈极显著负相关,相关系数为-0.96—-0.63。【结论】 在中国北方,冬油菜适时春播,可通过田间春化率的差异、植株生育时期的差异及平均株(薹)高的差异来评价冬油菜抗寒性的强弱。甘肃农业大学新育成的7个甘蓝型冬油菜品系,在北纬36°03′,海拔2 150 m的地区可以越冬,抗寒性显著优于天油14和天油2288(天水市农业科学研究所选育)及新油23(新疆农业科学院选育)。
蒲媛媛,赵玉红,武军艳,刘丽君,白静,马骊,牛早霞,金姣姣,方彦,李学才,孙万仓. 北方强冬性甘蓝型冬油菜品种(系)抗寒性评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(19): 3291-3308.
PU YuanYuan,ZHAO YuHong,WU JunYan,LIU LiJun,BAI Jing,MA Li,NIU ZaoXia,JIN JiaoJiao,FANG Yan,LI XueCai,SUN WanCang. Comprehensive Assessment on Cold Tolerance of the Strong Winter Brassica napus L. Cultivated in Northern China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(19): 3291-3308.
表1
试验材料一览表"
品种(系) Variety (line) | 类型 Type | 选育单位 Source |
---|---|---|
新油23 Xinyou23 | 甘蓝型冬油菜 Winter Brassica napus | 新疆农业科学院 Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences |
16TS 309-4 | 甘蓝型冬油菜 Winter Brassica napus | 甘肃农业大学 Gansu Agricultural University |
16TS 306-3 | 甘蓝型冬油菜 Winter Brassica napus | 甘肃农业大学 Gansu Agricultural University |
16TS 312-2 | 甘蓝型冬油菜 Winter Brassica napus | 甘肃农业大学 Gansu Agricultural University |
16TS 309-10 | 甘蓝型冬油菜 Winter Brassica napus | 甘肃农业大学 Gansu Agricultural University |
16NPZ 269-1 | 甘蓝型冬油菜 Winter Brassica napus | 甘肃农业大学 Gansu Agricultural University |
16NTS 158 | 甘蓝型冬油菜 Winter Brassica napus | 甘肃农业大学 Gansu Agricultural University |
15NS 45-4 | 甘蓝型冬油菜 Winter Brassica napus | 甘肃农业大学 Gansu Agricultural University |
2016 8(G) | 甘蓝型冬油菜 Winter Brassica napus | 甘肃农业大学 Gansu Agricultural University |
2016TS(G)10 | 甘蓝型冬油菜 Winter Brassica napus | 甘肃农业大学 Gansu Agricultural University |
天油14 Tianyou14 | 甘蓝型冬油菜 Winter Brassica napus | 天水市农业科学研究所 Tianshui Agricultural Science Research Institute |
天油2288 Tianyou2288 | 甘蓝型冬油菜 Winter Brassica napus | 天水市农业科学研究所 Tianshui Agricultural Science Research Institute |
表2
种植区主要气候因子"
环境因子 Environment factor | 天水 Tianshui | 上川 Shangchuan | 兰州 Lanzhou |
---|---|---|---|
经度 Longitude | 105°69′ E | 103°40′ E | 103°73′ E |
纬度 Latitude | 34°60′ N | 36°03′ N | 36°73′ N |
海拔 Altitude (m) | 1084—1650 | 2150 | 1517 |
年平均气温 Annual average temperature (℃) | 11.5 | 6.5 | 10.3 |
最冷月平均最低气温 Lowest temperature in the coldest month (℃) | -2.0 | -14.6 | -5.0 |
极端气温 Extreme low temperature (℃) | -14.7 | -26.5 | -16.0 |
无霜期 Free frost days (d) | 155 | 142 | 180 |
平均降雨量 Precipitation (mm) | 491 | 175 | 327 |
表3
参试材料名称及越冬情况"
品种(系) Variety (line) | 越冬率Overwintering rate (%) | 抗寒性分类 Cold tolerance classification | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
天水Tianshui | 兰州Lanzhou | 上川Shangchuan | ||||||||
2016—2018 | 平均值Mean | 2016—2018 | 平均值 Mean | 2016—2018 | 平均值 Mean | |||||
新油23 Xinyou23 | 94.1 | 90.1 | 92.1a | 6.0 | 40.0 | 23.0g | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0e | 弱 Weak |
16TS 309-4 | 98.4 | 96.2 | 97.3a | 21.0 | 65.0 | 43.0bc | 4.9 | 14.3 | 9.6a | 强 Strong |
16TS 306-3 | 98.9 | 96.5 | 97.7a | 15.4 | 57.5 | 36.5d | 1.8 | 13.6 | 7.7bc | 中 Medium |
16TS 312-2 | 94.1 | 93.7 | 93.9a | 22.5 | 65.4 | 44.0ab | 3.3 | 13.7 | 8.5ab | 强 Strong |
16TS 309-10 | 98.8 | 94.0 | 96.4a | 15.6 | 44.2 | 30.0f | 3.8 | 12.6 | 8.2abc | 中 Medium |
16NPZ 269-1 | 97.7 | 92.5 | 95.1a | 19.5 | 54.8 | 37.2d | 2.9 | 11.7 | 7.3bcd | 中 Medium |
16NTS 158 | 95.8 | 91.0 | 93.4a | 16.0 | 50.0 | 33.0e | 2.0 | 10.6 | 6.3cd | 中 Medium |
15NS 45-4 | 96.6 | 96.4 | 96.5a | 12.0 | 78.6 | 45.3a | 2.1 | 14.4 | 8.2abc | 强 Strong |
2016 8(G) | 95.9 | 93.5 | 94.7a | 20.8 | 63.0 | 42.0c | 1.2 | 10.2 | 5.7d | 强 Strong |
2016TS(G)10 | 99.3 | 96.3 | 97.8a | 18.5 | 70.0 | 44.3abc | 4.4 | 11.0 | 7.7bc | 强 Strong |
天油14 Tianyou14 | 97.0 | 95.0 | 96.0a | 9.2 | 36.0 | 22.6g | 0.0 | 2.0 | 1.0e | 弱 Weak |
天油2288 Tianyou2288 | 95.9 | 89.5 | 92.7a | 7.2 | 38.5 | 22.9g | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0e | 弱 Weak |
表4
不同低温下叶片相对电导率及Logistic拟合方程"
品种(系) Variety(line) | 相对电导率 Relative electrolytic leakage (%) | 回归方程 Regression equation | 拟合度 R2 | 半致死 温度 LT50 (℃) | 抗寒性排序 Cold tolerance ranking | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5℃ | 0℃ | -5℃ | -10℃ | -15℃ | |||||
新油23 Xinyou23 | 25.30b | 32.54a | 42.40ab | 61.27a | 80.45abc | y=100/(1+1.949e0.1237x) | 0.96 | -5.4 | 11 |
16TS 309-4 | 20.07cd | 31.20b | 31.83abc | 46.67a | 68.67c | y=100/(1+2.6e0.0998x) | 0.92 | -9.6 | 2 |
16TS 306-3 | 19.87de | 22.03b | 32.22cd | 48.80a | 80.55abc | y=100/(1+2.976e0.1369x) | 0.89 | -8.0 | 3 |
16TS 312-2 | 17.26de | 28.57b | 34.20a | 53.07a | 85.92ab | y=100/(1+2.775e0.1558x) | 0.90 | -6.6 | 7 |
16TS 309-10 | 15.14bc | 21.75c | 36.16cd | 52.03a | 85.97ab | y=100/(1+3.251e0.1687x) | 0.93 | -7.0 | 5 |
16NPZ 269-1 | 15.95e | 25.16c | 34.23bcd | 66.31a | 88.85a | y=100/(1+2.872e0.1849x) | 0.94 | -5.7 | 9 |
16NTS 158 | 19.60bc | 26.33b | 39.00abcd | 54.63a | 86.36ab | y=100(1+2.57e0.1546x) | 0.91 | -6.1 | 8 |
15NS 45-4 | 20.05e | 35.76bc | 37.73abcd | 57.80a | 84.99ab | y=100/(1+2.496e0.1256x) | 0.94 | -7.3 | 4 |
2016 8(G) | 25.92bc | 31.67a | 41.23ab | 52.13a | 75.63bc | y=100/(1+2.04e0.1044x) | 0.93 | -6.8 | 6 |
2016TS(G)10 | 20.66bc | 21.21b | 29.37d | 41.37a | 57.63d | y=100/(1+3.134e0.0854x) | 0.93 | -13.4 | 1 |
天油14 Tianyou14 | 20.71bc | 29.04a | 32.90abcd | 58.17a | 76.61bc | y=100/(1+2.22e0.1427x) | 0.91 | -5.6 | 10 |
天油2288 Tianyou2288 | 22.71a | 34.65a | 40.22ab | 73.63a | 79.17abc | y=100/(1+1.734e0.125x) | 0.91 | -4.4 | 12 |
表5
甘蓝型冬油菜越冬前植物学记载"
品种(系) Variety(line) | 心叶色 Leaf color | 幼茎色 Young stem color | 叶柄色 Petiole color | 生长习性 Growth habit | 叶片数 Leaves amount |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
新油23 Xinyou23 | 黄绿/紫色 Yellow-green/Purple | 黄绿/紫色 Yellow-green/Purple | 黄绿/紫色 Yellow-green/Purple | 半直立/匍匐 Semi-erect/Prostrate | 12.0 |
16TS 309-4 | 紫色 Purple | 绿色 Green | 黄绿/紫色 Yellow-green/Purple | 半直立/匍匐 Semi-erect/Prostrate | 9.8 |
16TS 306-3 | 紫色 Purple | 黄绿 Yellow-green | 黄绿/紫色 Yellow-green/Purple | 半直立/匍匐 Semi-erect/Prostrate | 9.1 |
16TS 312-2 | 紫色 Purple | 紫色 Purple | 黄绿 Yellow-green | 半直立 Semi-erect | 10.7 |
16TS 309-10 | 紫色 Purple | 紫色 Purple | 黄绿/紫色 Yellow-green/Purple | 半直立/匍匐 Semi-erect/Prostrate | 9.8 |
16NPZ 269-1 | 紫色 Purple | 黄绿 Yellow-green | 黄绿 Yellow-green | 半直立/匍匐 Semi-erect/Prostrate | 11.0 |
16NTS 158 | 黄绿/紫色 Yellow-green/Purple | 黄绿 Yellow-green | 黄绿 Yellow-green | 半直立/匍匐 Semi-erect/Prostrate | 11.3 |
15NS 45-4 | 紫色 Purple | 黄绿 Yellow-green | 黄绿/紫色 Yellow-green/Purple | 半直立/匍匐 Semi-erect/Prostrate | 10.0 |
2016 8(G) | 紫色 Purple | 黄绿/紫色 Yellow-green/Purple | 黄绿/紫色 Yellow-green/Purple | 半直立/匍匐 Semi-erect/Prostrate | 9.1 |
2016TS(G)10 | 紫色 Purple | 黄绿 Yellow-green | 黄绿 Yellow-green | 半直立/匍匐 Semi-erect/Prostrate | 10.8 |
天油14 Tianyou14 | 黄绿/紫色 Yellow-green/Purple | 黄绿 Yellow-green | 黄绿 Yellow-green | 半直立 Semi-erect | 12.6 |
天油2288 Tianyou2288 | 黄绿/紫色 Yellow-green/Purple | 黄绿 Yellow-green | 黄绿 Yellow-green | 半直立 Semi-erect | 12.8 |
表6
冬前参试材料间干物质积累比较"
品种(系) Variety (line) | 地上部干重 Above-ground dry matter | 地下部干重 Under-ground dry matter | 干根冠比 Dry root shoot ratio | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
9/26 | 10/29 | 9/26 | 10/29 | 9/26 | 10/29 | |||
新油23 Xinyou23 | 4.75a | 10.98abcd | 0.73a | 3.86bcd | 0.16a | 0.36bcd | ||
16TS 306-4 | 3.40ab | 5.35d | 0.82a | 5.12abc | 0.30a | 0.95abc | ||
16TS 306-3 | 3.29ab | 6.31bcd | 0.87a | 2.56cd | 0.27a | 0.40cd | ||
16TS 312-2 | 3.91ab | 14.58ab | 0.79a | 3.67bcd | 0.21a | 0.24bcd | ||
16TS 309-10 | 3.26ab | 5.51cd | 0.73a | 2.69cd | 0.23a | 0.49cd | ||
16NPZ269-1 | 2.69b | 14.12abc | 0.65a | 6.08ab | 0.24a | 0.46ab | ||
16NTS 158 | 4.58ab | 12.24abcd | 0.66a | 2.27d | 0.14a | 0.19d | ||
15NS 45-4 | 3.32ab | 8.95abcd | 0.89a | 7.08a | 0.27a | 0.88a | ||
2016 8(G) | 3.78ab | 5.69cd | 0.88a | 2.39d | 0.24a | 0.42d | ||
2016TS(G)10 | 3.66ab | 7.52abcd | 0.73a | 4.21bcd | 0.20a | 0.59bcd | ||
天油14 Tianyou14 | 2.62b | 14.72ab | 0.58a | 3.25cd | 0.22a | 0.23cd | ||
天油2288 Tianyou2288 | 3.91ab | 15.65a | 0.78a | 2.25d | 0.28a | 0.25d |
表7
参试材料春播后不同生长发育阶段的植株个数及所占比例"
品种(系) Variety (line) | 春化率 Vernalization rate (%) | 小区平均株数 Amount | 比例Ratio (%) | 抗寒性分类 Cold tolerance classification | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
未现蕾 Not budding | 现蕾期 Squaring stage | 花期 Flowering stage | 成熟期 Maturing stage | ||||
新油23 Xinyou23 | 87.65a | 162 | 12.35 | 39.51 | — | 48.15 | Ⅴ |
16TS 309-4 | 9.39g | 181 | 90.61 | 9.39 | — | — | Ⅰ |
16TS 306-3 | 17.16f | 204 | 82.84 | 17.16 | — | — | Ⅱ |
16TS 312-2 | 27.13e | 387 | 72.87 | 27.13 | — | — | Ⅱ |
16TS 309-10 | 25.00e | 216 | 75.00 | 24.54 | — | 0.46 | Ⅱ |
16NPZ 269-1 | 43.98c | 241 | 56.43 | 39.00 | 0.41 | 4.15 | Ⅲ |
16NTS 158 | 38.71d | 124 | 61.29 | 38.71 | — | — | Ⅲ |
15NS 45-4 | 16.40f | 189 | 83.60 | 16.40 | — | — | Ⅱ |
2016 8(G) | 24.37e | 119 | 75.63 | 23.53 | 0.84 | — | Ⅱ |
2016TS(G)10 | 4.05h | 222 | 95.95 | 4.05 | — | — | Ⅰ |
天油14 Tianyou14 | 55.00b | 100 | 45.00 | 31.00 | 7.00 | 17.00 | Ⅳ |
天油2288 Tianyou2288 | 85.19a | 108 | 14.81 | 10.19 | 2.78 | 72.22 | Ⅴ |
表8
春播后不同生长发育阶段的株(薹)高"
品种(系) Variety (line) | 平均值Mean | 平均株(薹)高 Average height of plant (bolt) (cm) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
春化率 Vernalization rate (%) | 平均株(薹)高 Average plant (bolt) height (cm) | 未现蕾 Not budding | 现蕾期 Squaring stage | 花期 Flowering stage | 成熟期 Maturing stage | |
新油23 Xinyou23 | 87.65 | 80.18 | 28.7 | 44.7 | — | 122.5 |
16TS 309-4 | 9.39 | 15.88 | 14.5 | 29.2 | — | — |
16TS 306-3 | 17.16 | 18.74 | 17.8 | 23.3 | — | — |
16TS 312-2 | 27.13 | 27.46 | 24.8 | 34.6 | — | — |
16TS 309-10 | 25.00 | 28.84 | 26.2 | 35.5 | — | 103.0 |
16NPZ 269-1 | 43.98 | 37.83 | 34.5 | 35.6 | 85.0 | 99.3 |
16NTS 158 | 38.71 | 33.42 | 32.3 | 35.2 | — | — |
15NS 45-4 | 16.4 | 20.73 | 16.6 | 41.8 | — | — |
2016 8(G) | 24.37 | 20.21 | 17.6 | 28.1 | 34.0 | — |
2016TS(G)10 | 4.05 | 10.77 | 10.5 | 17.1 | — | — |
天油14 Tianyou14 | 55.00 | 38.79 | 23.1 | 28.7 | 49.4 | 94.4 |
天油2288 Tianyou2288 | 85.19 | 58.21 | 22.7 | 33.8 | 46.0 | 69.4 |
表10
主要生理指标的抗寒系数评价"
品种(系) Variety(line) | 耐寒系数(K) Anti-cold coefficiency | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SOD | CAT | POD | SP | SS | Pro | |
新油23 Xinyou23 | 1.267b | 1.267d | 1.563c | 1.478a | 2.870ab | 2.292c |
16TS 309-4 | 1.377b | 0.688d | 3.369bc | 1.316abcd | 3.898a | 3.633c |
16TS 306-3 | 1.459b | 0.486cd | 2.765abc | 1.278bcd | 3.248ab | 2.959bc |
16TS 312-2 | 1.259ab | 0.252bcd | 1.844abc | 1.174cd | 2.889ab | 2.356bc |
16TS 309-10 | 1.629ab | 0.407bcd | 2.045abc | 1.336abc | 3.229ab | 2.167bc |
16NPZ 269-1 | 1.393ab | 0.232bcd | 2.064abc | 1.243bcd | 2.747ab | 1.995bc |
16NTS 158 | 1.291ab | 0.184bcd | 1.950abc | 1.090d | 2.794ab | 2.573bc |
15NS 45-4 | 1.242ab | 0.155abc | 2.846abc | 1.395abc | 3.267ab | 2.307bc |
2016 8(G) | 1.426ab | 0.158abc | 2.818abc | 1.243bcd | 2.829ab | 2.293ab |
2016TS(G)10 | 1.565ab | 0.157abc | 2.641abc | 1.426ab | 3.325ab | 2.318ab |
天油14 Tianyou14 | 1.375ab | 0.125ab | 2.157ab | 1.267bcd | 2.688ab | 2.007a |
天油2288 Tianyou2288 | 1.198a | 0.100a | 1.542a | 1.100d | 2.338b | 2.990a |
表11
隶属函数值和综合评价值结果"
品种(系) Variety (line) | 隶属函数值 Subordinative function | 综合评价值(D) Comprehensive evaluation value | 抗寒性排序 Cold tolerance ranking | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
μ(1) | μ(2) | μ(3) | μ(4) | μ(5) | μ(6) | |||
新油23 Xinyou23 | 0.000 | 0.436 | 0.000 | 0.125 | 0.643 | 0.000 | 0.343 | 12 |
16TS 309-4 | 4.674 | 0.820 | 0.828 | 0.591 | 0.869 | 0.944 | 2.961 | 2 |
16TS 306-3 | 3.609 | 0.705 | 0.002 | 0.020 | 0.899 | 1.000 | 2.378 | 3 |
16TS 312-2 | 2.804 | 0.352 | 0.194 | 0.355 | 0.777 | 0.740 | 1.839 | 7 |
16TS 309-10 | 3.935 | 0.454 | 0.299 | 0.101 | 1.000 | 0.680 | 2.364 | 4 |
16NPZ 269-1 | 1.652 | 0.190 | 0.051 | 0.183 | 0.942 | 0.373 | 1.180 | 9 |
16NTS 158 | 2.304 | 0.271 | 1.000 | 0.754 | 0.409 | 0.540 | 1.544 | 8 |
15NS 45-4 | 3.413 | 1.000 | 0.935 | 1.000 | 0.122 | 0.949 | 2.345 | 5 |
2016 8(G) | 3.022 | 0.520 | 0.528 | 0.138 | 0.918 | 0.853 | 2.090 | 6 |
2016TS(G)10 | 5.283 | 0.754 | 0.359 | 0.692 | 0.744 | 0.940 | 3.106 | 1 |
天油14 Tianyou14 | 1.674 | 0.242 | 0.302 | 0.583 | 0.460 | 0.401 | 1.143 | 10 |
天油2288 Tianyou2288 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.105 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.179 | 0.493 | 11 |
权重系数 Weighted value | 0.249 | 0.209 | 0.068 | 0.051 | 0.174 | 0.248 |
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