天然蜂粮对高脂血症大鼠血脂、抗氧化及免疫功能的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.16.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】蜂粮是工蜂将采集的花粉团贮存在巢房中,然后将花粉团咬碎、吐蜜湿润,经过2—3周发酵酿制而成。蜂粮是蜂群中大幼虫和幼龄蜜蜂发育必需的全价营养。虽然传统观点认为天然蜂粮营养价值高于蜂花粉,但是没有科学依据。为了科学评价蜂粮营养功效,以蜂花粉为对照,系统研究天然蜂粮对大鼠血脂、抗氧化和免疫功能的影响。【方法】采用江西农业大学蜜蜂研究所设计生产的天然蜂粮生产器,利用西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)在白莲花期生产天然蜂粮和蜂花粉。以大鼠为实验动物,参照人每日推荐食用蜂花粉剂量,天然蜂粮和蜂花粉均分别设置低剂量组（80 mg·kg ^-1）、中剂量组（400 mg·kg ^-1）和高剂量组（800 mg·kg ^-1）,同时设置空白对照组和高脂模型对照组。按标准方法造大鼠高脂血症模型,再连续灌胃60 d天然蜂粮或蜂花粉后,测定血脂水平甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）和高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）,取血检测抗氧化指标超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶（GSH-Px）、丙二醛（MDA）和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)以及免疫因子白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）。【结果】与高脂模型组相比,蜂粮低剂量组能显著降低高脂血症大鼠血液中TG、TC、LDL含量,蜂粮中剂量组能显著提高HDL-C含量,蜂花粉低剂量组能显著降低高脂血症大鼠血液中TG与TC含量,说明蜂粮和蜂花粉均有良好的降低高脂血症的功效;与高脂模型组相比,低剂量组蜂粮、中剂量组蜂粮、高剂量组蜂粮以及低剂量组蜂花粉、中剂量组蜂花粉均能显著升高TNF-α含量,说明蜂粮和蜂花粉均具有增强免疫的效果;与高脂模型组相比,蜂花粉高剂量组大鼠血液中SOD含量显著增加,3个蜂粮剂量组以及蜂花粉低剂量组和中剂量组SOD含量均差异不显著,说明蜂花粉高剂量组具有增强抗氧化能力的功效;与高脂模型组相比,6个试验组的GSH-Px、T-AOC以及MDA含量均差异不显著。与蜂花粉低剂量组和蜂花粉中剂量组相比,蜂粮中剂量组能显著提升HDL-C含量;与3个蜂花粉剂量组相比,蜂粮中剂量组能显著提高TNF-α含量。【结论】综合TG、TC、LDL、HDL-C以及TNF-α等指标,天然蜂粮的降血脂和增强免疫的功效要优于蜂花粉,天然蜂粮值得进一步开发利用。

关键词: 蜂粮, 大鼠, 血脂, 抗氧化, 免疫

Abstract:

【Objective】Bee bread is that the worker bee stores the collected pollen mass in the nest room, then bites the pollen mass, spits honey moist, and ferments it for 2 to 3 weeks. Bee bread provides essential nutritional supply for the development of old larvae and young bees. Although the traditional view is that the nutritional value of natural bee bread is higher than that of bee pollen, but there is no scientific basis. In order to evaluate the nutritional effect of bee bread scientifically, the effects of natural bee bread on blood lipid, antioxidation and immune function in rats were systematically studied with bee pollen as control.【Method】The natural bee bread producer designed by the Honeybee Research Institute of Jiangxi Agricultural University was used to produce natural bee bread and pollen by honey bee workers (Apis mellifera) at the flowering stage of white lotus. The hyperlipidemia rats used in this study were established by standard method. A blank control group and a high-fat model control group were prepared. Three doses of bee bread and pollen (low-dose group of 80 mg?kg ^-1, middle-dose group of 400 mg?kg ^-1, and high-dose group of 800 mg?kg ^-1) were fed to hyperlipidemia rats, respectively. After intragastric administration natural bee bread and bee pollen for 60 days, the levels of blood lipids including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) were measured. Additionally, antioxidant indexes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), immune factors interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were detected in blood.【Result】Compared with the high-fat model group, low-dose bee bread treatment group significantly reduced the levels of TG, TC and LDL in the blood of hyperlipidemia rats. Middle-dose bee bread treatment group significantly increased the level of HDL-C. Low-dose bee pollen treatment group significantly reduced the levels of TG and TC, which indicated that both bee bread and bee pollen had a good effect on reducing hyperlipidemia. Additionally, low-, middle-, high-dose bee bread, as well as low- and middle-dose bee pollen significantly increased the content of TNF-α, which indicated that both bee bread and bee pollen enhanced immune responses compared with the high-fat model group. The SOD content in the blood of rats with high-dose bee pollen group increased significantly, but the differences among the three doses of bee bread groups, the low- and the middle-dose groups of bee pollen were not statistically significant compared with the high-fat model group. It suggested that the high-dose bee pollen enhanced antioxidant capacity. Compared with the high-fat model group, the contents of GSH-Px, T-AOC and MDA among the six experimental groups were not significantly different. Compared with the low- and middle-dose bee pollen groups, the middle-dose bee bread group significantly increased the content of HDL-C. Compared with the three groups of bee pollen, middle-dose bee bread group significantly increased the TNF-α content.【Conclusion】Combined with TG, TC, LDL, HDL-C and TNF-α, the effects of natural bee bread on reducing blood lipid and enhancing immunity were stronger than those of bee pollen. Natural bee bread is worthy of further development and utilization.

Key words: honeybee bread, rat, blood lipid, antioxidation, immunity

李震,刘志勇,江武军,何旭江,颜伟玉,张丽珍,曾志将. 天然蜂粮对高脂血症大鼠血脂、抗氧化及免疫功能的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(16): 2912-2920.

LI Zhen,LIU ZhiYong,JIANG WuJun,HE XuJiang,YAN WeiYu,ZHANG LiZhen,ZENG ZhiJiang. Effects of Natural Bee Bread on Blood Lipid, Antioxidation and Immune Function in Rats with Hyperlipidemia[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(16): 2912-2920.

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试验分组 Experimental grouping	甘油三酯 Triglyceride (mmol?L^-1)
C	0.839±0.086b
HM	2.899±0.199a
HB-L	2.991±0.150a
HB-M	2.987±0.165a
HB-H	2.964±0.134a
HP-L	2.981±0.197a
HP-M	2.942±0.140a
HP-H	2.951±0.106a

试验分组 Experimental grouping	甘油三酯 Triglyceride (mmol?L^-1)	总胆固醇 Total cholesterol (mmol?L^-1)	低密度脂蛋白 Low density lipoprotein (mmol?L^-1)	高密度脂蛋白 High density lipoprotein (mmol?L^-1)
C	0.98±0.11b	2.16±0.28b	0.43±0.04b	0.32±0.04a
HM	1.65±0.24a	3.24±0.44a	0.77±0.09a	0.21±0.03c
HB-L	1.01±0.16b	2.09±0.22b	0.49±0.07b	0.23±0.03bc
HB-M	1.11±0.19b	2.51±1.20ab	0.61±0.09ab	0.30±0.04ab
HB-H	1.28±0.18ab	2.38±0.32b	0.61±0.08ab	0.26±0.03abc
HP-L	0.97±0.10b	2.34±0.12b	0.64±0.05ab	0.21±0.02c
HP-M	1.28±0.17ab	2.20±0.20b	0.60±0.09ab	0.21±0.02c
HP-H	1.23±0.12ab	2.12±0.20b	0.58±0.16ab	0.28±0.03abc

试验分组Experimental grouping	超氧化物歧化酶 Superoxide dismutase (U?mL^-1)	谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 Glutathione peroxidase (U?mL^-1)	总抗氧化活力 Total antioxidation capacity (U?mL^-1)	丙二醛 Malondialdehyde (nmol?L^-1)
C	301.26±31.10a	177.78±30.52a	143.43±4.32a	7.60±0.35a
HM	279.94±23.74a	155.20±18.97a	117.58±6.01bcd	8.05±0.38ab
HB-L	250.19±29.09a	157.41±16.23a	122.43±2.23b	9.15±0.28b
HB-M	257.71±13.85a	161.73±27.77a	108.76±3.20d	8.93±0.58b
HB-H	274.34±17.28a	156.79±25.79a	121.99±2.85bd	8.75±0.42b
HP-L	316.89±31.89ab	128.40±16.61a	113.92±2.49cd	8.47±0.22ab
HP-M	255.57±25.38a	151.23±26.13a	125.02±2.53b	8.37±0.55ab
HP-H	390.74±16.40b	183.75±10.05a	122.92±3.24bc	8.71±0.22ab

试验分组 Experimental grouping	白细胞介素-6 Interleukin 6 (pg?mL^-1)	肿瘤坏死因子-α Tumor necrosis factor α (pg?mL^-1)
C	301.24±12.13a	252.07±9.128a
HM	285.71±9.49ab	129.34±5.87d
HB-L	287.07±11.53ab	207.05±11.28b
HB-M	312.75±8.58a	248.03±17.07a
HB-H	258.51±13.25b	188.43±21.00bc
HP-L	279.81±5.12bc	193.34±13.92bc
HP-M	255.16±16.20c	187.26±15.16bc
HP-H	257.69±8.62bc	150.66±16.56cd