不同饲养方式对雏鹅夜间采食行为的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.13.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究两种饲养方式对0—3周龄雏鹅夜间采食行为的影响,分析夜间采食行为与生产性能的关系,以期为生产中安排饲喂模式提供参考。【方法】将120只体重基本一致（（97.78±2.67）g）的1日龄四川白鹅随机分为两组（公母各半）,即网上平养（net rearing,NR）组和地面平养（floor rearing,FR）组,每组设6个重复,每个重复10只鹅。试验于2016年8月在西南大学畜禽养殖基地进行,试验期共21 d,平均温度为(28.72±2.16)℃,相对湿度为(85.76±8.73)%。参照美国NRC（1994）鹅的营养需要配制日粮,代谢能为11.97 MJ·kg ^-1,粗蛋白质含量为20.43%,试验期自由采食和饮水。记录日采食量,于7、14和21日龄称重,参照中华人民共和国农业行业标准-家禽生产性能名词术语和度量统计方法（NY/T 823-2004）测定试验期平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比;在试验结束前3d,利用红外高清监控摄像系统进行录像采集,将视频采集后,利用视频软件,参照鸡和小鼠夜间行为观察的方法加以改进,每间隔10 min设定为一个视频段,共72个视频段,重复观察鹅的夜间采食行为,观察时间为18:00至次日6:00,记录鹅夜间采食行为时间。【结果】NR组平均每只鹅夜间采食行为持续时间为19.07 min,FR组平均每只鹅夜间采食行为持续时间14.26 min,二者间差异极显著（P＜0.01）。两种饲养方式下雏鹅初始体重差异不显著（P＞0.05）,NR组鹅末重显著高于FR组（P＜0.05）,NR组平均日采食量极显著高于FR组（P＜0.01）,平均日增重显著高于FR组（P＜0.05）,料重比二者间差异不显著（P＞0.05）。对夜间采食行为持续时间与生产性能相关性分析可知,NR组夜间采食行为持续时间与平均日采食量呈显著正相关（r=0.796,P＜0.05）,与平均日增重也呈显著正相关（r=0.807,P＜0.05）,与料重比呈显著负相关（r=-0.816,P＜0.05）;FR组夜间采食行为持续时间与平均日采食呈极显著正相关（r=0.950,P＜0.01）,与平均日增重呈显著正相关（r=0.801,P＜0.05）,与料重比之间没有显著相关性（r=-0.573,P＞0.05）。通过建立夜间采食行为持续时间与生产性能间回归方程可知,NR组平均日采食量y₁（g·d ^-1）、平均日增重y₂（g·d ^-1）和料重比y₃与夜间采食行为持续时间x₁（min/12h）的回归方程分别为：y₁=-222.70+29.96x₁-0.78x ²₁（R ²=0.956,P=0.009）、y₂=6.73+1.46x₁（R ²=0.650,P=0.043）、y₃=2.83-0.05x₁（R ²=0.654,P=0.050）;由于FR组料重比与夜间采食行为持续时间之间没有显著相关性,固不能建立回归方程。因此,FR组平均日采食量y₄（g·d ^-1）、平均日增重y₅（g·d ^-1）与夜间采食行为持续时间x₂（min/12h）的回归方程分别为：y₄=-10.10+4.13x₂（R ²=0.904,P=0.004）、y₅=-39.82+4.83x₂（R ²=0.644,P=0.045）。【结论】两种饲养方式下,NR组鹅夜间采食行为持续时间高于FR组,且夜间采食行为的增加提高了鹅的生产性能。因此,建议生产中采用网上育雏方式,同时要保证夜间饲粮的供应,满足雏鹅的夜间采食活动。

关键词: 饲养方式, 鹅, 夜间采食行为

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study was carried out to investigate the effects of rearing modes on nocturnal feeding behavior of goslings aged from 0 to 3 weeks, and to analyze the relationship between nocturnal feeding behavior and production performance. 【Method】 A total of 120 Sichuan white geese at 1 day (the initial body weight was (97.78±2.67) g), with equal amount of male and female, were randomly allocated into two groups, net rearing (NR) and floor rearing (FR) , with 6 replicates and 10 geese each. The experiment was conducted at the Livestock and Poultry Breeding Base of Southwest University in August 2016; the experiment lasted for 21 days. And the average temperature during the experiment period was (28.72±2.16)℃, and the relative humidity was (85.76±8.73)%. According to the nutritional needs of the US NRC (1994) geese, the diet has a metabolic energy of 11.97 MJ·kg ^-1and a crude protein value of 20.43%. Geese had access to feed and water ad libitum in the experiment period. We recorded daily feed intake during the trial and weighed at 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days. And according to the agricultural industry standard of the People’s Republic of China - Poultry Production Performance Terminology and Metric Statistical Method (NY/T 823-2004) to determine the average daily feed intake, average daily gain and feed-to-weight ratio during the experiment period. And the nocturnal feeding behavior of goslings at days 19, 20 and 21, from 18:00 to the next day 6:00, was used infrared high-definition surveillance camera system for video capture. After the video was collected, the video software (VSPalyer V7.2.0, Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co., Ltd.) was used to improve the nocturnal behavior observation method of chicken and mice, and set to a video segment at intervals of 10 minutes. The totals of video segments were 72. We observed the nocturnal feeding behavior of the geese and recorded the nocturnal feeding behavior time of the geese. 【Result】 Data showed that the duration of nocturnal feeding behavior and the average daily feed intake of geese in group NR were highly significant difference from those of animals in group FR (P＜0.01), and the average daily gain and final weight of NR was significantly higher than that of FR (P＜0.05), while there were no significant difference in the feed/gain ratio and initial weight (P＞0.05) . Correlation analysis revealed that there was a significant positive correlation between nocturnal feeding behavior and production performance except for feed/gain ratio in group FR. The correlation coefficients between the duration of nocturnal feeding behavior and the average daily feed intake, the average daily gain, and feed/gain ratio were 0.796 (P＜0.05), 0.807 (P＜0.05), and -0.816 (P＜0.05) in group NR, and 0.950 (P＜0.01), 0.801 (P＜0.05), and -0.573 (P＞0.05) in group FR, respectively. Regression analysis, with the duration of nocturnal feeding behavior as the independent variable, also demonstrated that there was either a linear regression or a quadratic regression between nocturnal feeding behavior and production performance except feed/gain ratio in group FR. The regression equations of average daily feed intake y₁ (g·d ^-1), average daily gain y₂ (g·d ^-1) and feed/gain ratio y₃ and nocturnal feeding behavior time x₁ (min/12h) were y₂=-222.70+ 29.96x₁-0.78x ²₁(R ²=0.956, P=0.009), y₂=6.73+1.46x₁ (R ²=0.650, P=0.043), y₃=2.83-0.05x₁ (R ²=0.654, P=0.050) in group NR, respectively. Since there was no significant correlation between the feed/gain ratio of the FR group and the duration of the nocturnal feeding behavior, it was impossible to establish a regression equation. Therefore, the regression equations of average daily feed intake y₄ (g·d ^-1), average daily gain y₅ (g·d ^-1) and nocturnal feeding behavior time x₂ (min/12h) were y₄=-10.10+4.13x₂(R ²=0.904, P=0.004), y₅=-39.82+4.83x₂ (R ²=0.644, P=0.045) in group FR, respectively. 【Conclusion】 This finding suggested that the duration of nocturnal feeding behavior of goslings in group NR should be higher than that of animals in group FR, and that the nocturnal feeding behavior could increase the production performance of geese. Therefore, we recommended the net rearing methods as well as ensuring the supplies of nocturnal food at night in production were used to meet the nocturnal feeding activities of goslings.

Key words: rearing modes, geese, nocturnal feeding behavior

何航,熊子标,首雅潇,谢清,谢和芳. 不同饲养方式对雏鹅夜间采食行为的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(13): 2352-2358.

HE Hang,XIONG ZiBiao,SHOU YaXiao,XIE Qing,XIE HeFang. Effects of Rearing Modes on Nocturnal Feeding Behavior in Goslings[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(13): 2352-2358.

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原料Ingredients	配比Ratio (%)	营养成分Nutrient levels	含量Content
玉米 Corn	63.80	代谢能 ME (MJ·kg^-1)	11.97
麦麸 Wheat bran	2.99	粗蛋白质 CP (%)	20.43
豆粕 Soybean meal	20.00	粗纤维 CF (%)	4.12
菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal	4.00	钙 Ca (%)	0.87
蚕蛹 Silkworm chrysalis	4.30	有效磷 AP (%)	0.43
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO₄	1.59	赖氨酸 Lys (%)	1.14
石粉 Limestone	0.87	蛋氨酸 Met (%)	0.36
赖氨酸 Lys (98.5%)	0.15
DL-蛋氨酸 DL-Met	0.05
食盐 NaCl	0.20
氯化胆碱 Choline chloride	0.05
预混料 Premix	2.00

	网上平养 Net rearing	地面平养 Floor rearing	P值 P value
初始重 Initial weight (g)	97.78±1.70	98.08±1.67	0.552
末重 Final weight (g)	824.47±71.35	707.67±67.19	0.015
平均日采食量 ADFI (g·d^-1)	62.58±2.27	48.85±2.29	<0.01
平均日增重 ADG (g·d^-1)	34.62±3.78	29.03±3.17	0.014
料重比 F/G	1.82±0.12	1.70±0.13	0.121

	网上平养采食时间 Feeding time in net rearing	地面平养采食时间 Feeding time in floor rearing
平均日采食量 ADFI (g·d^-1)	0.796*	0.950**
平均日增重 ADG (g·d^-1)	0.807*	0.801*
料重比 F/G	-0.816*	-0.573

项目 Item	饲养方式 Rearing mode	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	P值 P value
平均日采食量 ADFI	网上平养 Net rearing	y₁=-222.70+29.96x₁-0.78x₁²	0.956	0.009
平均日采食量 ADFI	地面平养 Floor rearing	y₂=-10.10+4.13x₂	0.904	0.004
平均日增重 ADG	网上平养 Net rearing	y₃=6.73+1.46x₁	0.650	0.043
平均日增重 ADG	地面平养 Floor rearing	y₄=-39.82+4.83x₂	0.644	0.045
料重比 F/G	网上平养 Net rearing	y₅=2.83-0.05x₁	0.654	0.050