中国农业科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (16): 3162-3170.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.16.012
所属专题: 加强环境生理研究应用 支撑畜禽养殖绿色发展
韩佳良,刘建新,刘红云
收稿日期:
2018-04-10
出版日期:
2018-08-16
发布日期:
2018-08-16
通讯作者:
刘红云,E-mail:hyliu@zju.edu.cn
作者简介:
韩佳良,E-mail:ls-han@foxmail.com
基金资助:
HAN JiaLiang, LIU JianXin, LIU HongYun
Received:
2018-04-10
Online:
2018-08-16
Published:
2018-08-16
摘要: 随着温室效应加剧,奶牛热应激问题日益凸显,对乳业造成巨大经济损失。热应激是一复杂的生理应答过程,奶牛在温热环境下表现为呼吸和心率加快,直肠温度升高,采食量下降,对其内分泌系统和免疫系统造成负面影响,严重降低奶牛泌乳性能。目前关于奶牛热应激的报道多集中于生产试验,特别是饲喂功能性饲料添加剂对应激的缓解作用,但其具体作用机制尚不清晰。文章介绍了热应激对国内外不同地区奶牛产奶量和乳品质的广泛影响,并从能量代谢、内分泌、氧化应激、细胞凋亡和自噬等方面综述了热应激对奶牛泌乳性能的影响机制。能量代谢方面,从奶牛采食量减少、脂质分解和能量代谢紊乱等内在分子学机理角度解释了奶牛在热应激下处于能量负平衡状态的原因;内分泌方面,介绍了热应激对奶牛下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴/甲状腺轴/性腺轴/生长轴的调控,分析了激素变化对机体的影响及其作用机制;氧化应激方面,重点阐述了热应激通过影响机体内ROS水平从而产生氧化应激的分子机制及激活的相关防御信号通路;细胞凋亡和自噬方面,介绍了高温胁迫引起奶牛乳腺上皮细胞损伤,细胞凋亡相关基因表达引发的内源性和外源性细胞凋亡,而过度自噬引发的细胞损伤也对乳腺泌乳起负面调控作用。笔者指出,在可预见的未来,热应激将是奶牛养殖业面临的最大难题,应建立可控的奶牛热应激模型运用于生产实践研究,并加强奶牛乳腺上皮细胞水平的基础研究,结合高通量数据分析技术,系统揭示热应激的发病机制,为缓解热应激提供全面的理论依据。
韩佳良,刘建新,刘红云. 热应激对奶牛泌乳性能的影响及其机制[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(16): 3162-3170.
HAN JiaLiang, LIU JianXin, LIU HongYun. Effect of Heat Stress on Lactation Performance in Dairy Cows[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(16): 3162-3170.
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