光强和光质对大豆幼苗形态及光合特性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.14.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】玉米大豆带状套作种植模式下荫蔽是影响大豆生长发育的重要因素之一，而荫蔽包括光强的降低和光质的改变，通过分析不同光环境下大豆形态、光合生理参数，以期为揭示光强和光质对大豆生长发育的调控提供理论依据。【方法】以南豆12为试验材料，在人工气候室盆栽种植条件下，设置4个光环境：A1处理（正常光照+远红光；光强不变，红光和远红光比值降低），A2处理（弱光+远红光；光强降低，红光和远红光比值降低），A3处理（弱光；光强降低，红光和远红光比值不变），CK对照（正常光照；光强不变，红光和远红光比值不变），分析大豆幼苗形态及光合生理参数对不同光环境的响应。【结果】在光强不变，红光和远红光比值降低条件下，与CK相比A1处理大豆株高和生物量增加，根系长度、根系表面积、根系体积下降，类胡萝卜素含量显著下降，净光合速率增加，实际光化学量子效率降低，而非光化学猝灭系数差异不显著（P＞0.05）；与A3处理相比A2处理大豆株高降低，茎粗增加，生物量增加9.8%，叶绿素a和总叶绿素含量分别增加了5.68%和2.83%，而叶绿素b含量降低了6.48%，净光合速率最大光化学量子产量、非光化学猝灭系数、有效光化学量子产量显著增加，根系特征差异不显著（P＞0.05）。在光质不变，光强降低的条件下，与A2处理相比，A1处理大豆株高显著降低，根系长度、根系表面积和根系体积显著增加，生物量增加了62.87%，其中A1处理下叶片生物量占整个植株的54.96%，而A2处理下茎秆生物量占整个植株的52.08%，叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素和总叶绿素含量增加，净光合速率增加了16.22%，叶绿素荧光参数差异不显著（P＞0.05）；与CK相比，A3处理大豆株高显著增加，而茎粗、根系长度、根系表面积和根系体积显著降低，生物量显著减少了61.09%，其中A3处理下茎秆生物量积累增加，叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量分别增加了29.41%、4.17%、41.51%，净光合速率和实际光化学量子效率显著下降（P＜0.05）。【结论】光强直接影响大豆形态建成和物质积累，而低的红光和远红光比值显著提高大豆光合速率，促进物质的积累。

关键词: 大豆, 光强, 光质, 形态特性, 光合特性

Abstract: 【Objective】In the maize-soybean intercropping system, the shading by the taller maize crop modifies the light environment experienced by the lower soybean crop in terms of both light intensity and light quality, while these changes were affected by the intercropping configuration and crop architecture. The objective of this study was to provide a theoretical basis of physiological response for light intensity and light quality. 【Method】 The variety of soybean Nandou 12 used as test material, the experiment was conducted in controlled growth chamber by pot method. In this experiment, four treatments were set up, including A1 (normal light + far red light), A2 (weak light + far red light), A3 (weak light), and CK (normal illumination). The morphological and physiological parameters of soybean seedlings were determined. 【Result】When soybean growth under the normal light and the low ratio of red to far red light, compared with CK, the soybean plant height, biomass and net photosynthetic rate of A1 treatment were increased. On the contrary, the root length, root surface area, root volume, carotenoid content and the actual photochemical quantum efficiency of A1 treatment were decreased significantly, but the photochemical quenching coefficient was not significantly different (P>0.05). Compared with A3 treatment, the A2 treatment soybean plant height decreased, stem diameter increased, biomass increased by 9.8%, and chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content decreased. The chlorophyll b content decreased by 6.48%, the net photosynthetic rate, maximum photochemical quantum yield, non-photochemical quenching, effective photochemical quantum yield of A2 treatment increased significantly, but the root characteristics was not significantly different (P>0.05). Under the invariant light quality and reduced light intensity, compared with A2 treatment, the plant height of A1 treatment soybean decreased significantly, root length, root surface area and root volume increased significantly, biomass increased by 62.87%. The leaf biomass of A1 treatment accounted for 54.96% of the whole plant, while the stem biomass accounted for 52.08%, the chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids and total chlorophyll content increased, the net photosynthetic rate increased by 16.22% and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of A2 treatment were not difference (P>0.05). Compared with CK, the A3 treatment soybean plant height increased significantly, while stem diameter, root length, root surface area and root volume decreased significantly. Meanwhile, the biomass decreased significantly by 61.09%, but the biomass of stem was increased significantly under A3 treatment. The A3 treatment accumulation of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid increased by 29.41%, 4.17% and 41.51%, respectively, the net photosynthetic rate and actual photochemical quantum efficiency decreased significantly (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The results showed that light intensity directly influences the soybean morphogenesis and biomass accumulation. The low ratio of red to far red light could promote the photosynthetic rate and the substance accumulation of soybean.

Key words: soybean, light intensity, light quality, morphological characteristics, photosynthetic characteristics

程亚娇，谌俊旭，王仲林，范元芳，陈思宇，李泽林，刘沁林，李中川，杨峰，杨文钰. 光强和光质对大豆幼苗形态及光合特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(14): 2655-2663.

CHENG YaJiao, CHEN JunXu, WANG ZhongLin, FAN YuanFang, CHEN SiYu, LI ZeLin, LIU QinLin, LI ZhongChuan, YANG Feng, YANG WenYu. Effects of Light Intensity and Light Quality on Morphological and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Soybean Seedlings[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(14): 2655-2663.

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