中国农业科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (5): 859-870.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.05.009

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

保护性耕作对西北旱区土壤微生物空间分布及土壤理化性质的影响

李彤,王梓廷,刘露,廖允成,刘杨,韩娟   

  1. 西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100
  • 收稿日期:2016-08-05 出版日期:2017-03-01 发布日期:2017-03-01
  • 通讯作者: 刘杨,E-mail:liuyang0328@126.com
  • 作者简介:李彤,E-mail:LT1842578007@163.com。王梓廷,E-mail:Zitingwang@nwsuaf.edu.cn。李彤和王梓廷为同等贡献作者。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31571621,31471451)、陕西省农业科技创新与攻关项目(2016NY-001)、陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2015TZC-N-11-3)

Effect of Conservation Tillage Practices on Soil Microbial Spatial Distribution and Soil Physico-Chemical Properties of the Northwest Dryland

LI Tong, WANG ZiTing, LIU Lu, LIAO YunCheng, LIU Yang, HAN Juan   

  1. College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
  • Received:2016-08-05 Online:2017-03-01 Published:2017-03-01

摘要: 【目的】保护性耕作在中国西北旱区已得到了广泛应用,是农业生产中重要的技术措施。探析保护性耕作对土壤肥力和土壤微生物群落结构的影响,有助于农业生产的可持续发展。本试验从土壤理化性质和微生物相结合的角度,探讨保护性耕作对土壤微生物空间结构的影响,以及旱作麦田微生物群落丰度和土壤理化性质的相关性,为推广保护性耕作措施提供理论依据和实践支持。【方法】以中国西北旱区土壤为研究对象,常规耕作翻耕(PT)为对照,设计深松耕(CPT)和免耕(ZT)两种保护性耕作方式,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术,测定土壤微生物群落丰度和土壤理化性质指标,并分析微生物群落空间分布与土壤理化性质和保护性耕作之间的关系。【结果】长期应用保护性耕作已对旱作麦田的环境产生显著影响,不同的耕作方式对土壤真菌和细菌群落丰度有不同的影响,两者对3种耕作方式均有不同程度的响应;在不同的耕作方式下,土壤微生物空间分布不均,连续性较差,空间变异程度较高,表现出强烈的空间聚集分布。耕作方式对土壤理化性质和酶活性也有显著的影响,与传统翻耕相比,深松耕和免耕方式能显著提高土壤黏粒、水分、全氮、铵态氮含量和脲酶、蔗糖酶活性。典范主分量分析(CPCA)结果表明,土壤微生物群落丰度和理化性质变化主要受到耕作方式的影响,并且土壤微生物群落丰度与理化性质密切相关,在免耕方式下,土壤黏粒、水分和铵态氮含量等显著影响土壤细菌群落分布;在深松耕方式下,土壤可溶性碳含量和过氧化氢酶活性等显著影响土壤真菌群落分布。【结论】旱作麦田采用保护性耕作,可以影响土壤微生物群落丰度和空间分布,并且显著影响土壤理化性质,进而影响土壤微生物空间结构。同时,土壤水分和碳氮含量分别显著影响土壤细菌和真菌丰度。

关键词: 保护性耕作, 土壤微生物, 空间分布, 群落丰度, 土壤理化性质, 西北旱区

Abstract: 【Objective】Conservation tillage has been applied widely in the arid region of Northwest China, it is an important technical measure of agricultural production, explorating the effect of conservation tillage on soil fertility and soil microbial community structure and will help the sustainable development of agricultural production. This experiment from the angle of the combination of soil physico-chemical properties and microorganism to investigate the effect of conservation tillage on soil microbial spatial structure, and the relevance of abundance of microbial communities and soil physico-chemical properties of dryland wheat field, providing a theoretical basis and practical support measures for the promotion of conservation tillage.【Method】In this experiment, the soil of arid region in Northwest China was used as the research object, compared to conservational plow tillage (PT), two kinds of conservation tillage methods, including chisel plow tillage(CPT) and zero tillage(ZT) were designed, the indicators of soil physico-chemical properties and the abundance of microbial communities were measured by using real-time PCR, and the relations between the spatial distribution of microbial communities and soil physico-chemical properties and conservation tillage were analyzed.【Result】Long-term conservation tillage had a significant effect on the environment of dryland wheat field, the abundance of soil fungi and bacterial communities had different effects with different tillage methods, they showed different levels of response to the three tillages. In different tillage methods, the spatial distribution of soil microbe was uneven, continuity was poor, higher spatial variability, and showed a strong spatial aggregated distribution. There were also significant effects of tillage method on soil physico-chemical properties and enzyme activities, compared with traditional tillage, chisel plow tillage and zero tillage could significantly improve soil clay, water, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen content and urease and invertase activities. The results of canonical principal component analysis (CPCA) showed that the changes of soil microbial community abundance and physico-chemical properties were mainly affected by tillage methods, and the soil microbial community abundance is closely related to physico-chemical properties, under the zero tillage mode, the content of soil clay, water and ammonium nitrogen significantly affected the distribution of soil bacterial community, and under chisel plow tillage mode, the content of soil soluble carbon and the activity of catalase significantly affected the distribution of soil fungal communities.【Conclusion】Using conservation tillage in dryland wheat field could affect the abundance and the spatial distribution of soil microbial communities, and significantly affected soil physico-chemical properties, and then affecting the spatial structure of soil microbes. Simultaneously, soil moisture and the contents of carbon and nitrogen were respectively significantly affected soil bacteria and fungi community abundance.

Key words: conservation tillage, soil microbial, spatial distribution, community abundance, soil physico-chemical properties, Northwest Dryland