玉米行距配置对套作大豆生物量、根系伤流及养分的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.20.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】通过研究套作种植条件下，玉米不同行距配置对大豆生物量、根系伤流及其养分的影响，为玉米-大豆带状套作合理的群体配置提供理论依据。【方法】试验于2012—2013年采用单因素随机区组设计，以玉米-大豆带状套作种植中大豆为研究对象，固定玉米和大豆带宽200 cm，设置3个玉米窄行处理，分别是A1（20 cm+180 cm；窄行20 cm，宽行180 cm）、A2（40 cm+160 cm）和A3（60 cm+140 cm）。两行大豆种植于玉米宽行中，行距40 cm；净作大豆为对照，行距70 cm，每个处理重复3次。在大豆第三节龄期（V3）、第五节龄期（V5）与盛花期（R2）分析玉米不同行距配置对套作大豆根系生物量、氮磷钾的积累、伤流强度及伤流液组分的影响。【结果】套作大豆地上地下生物量和根系氮磷钾养分积累随着玉米窄行行距的增加而降低，且显著低于净作对照（P＜0.05）。根系伤流强度在各处理下均随生育时期的推进而增加，同一生育时期伤流强度从A1到A3逐渐降低，但A1和A2处理差异不显著（P＞0.05）。A1处理下大豆根系伤流强度在V3、V5及R2期比净作处理平均低27.69%、26.11%和23.23%。除V5期大豆根系伤流组分铵态氮含量低于V3和R2期外，硝态氮、全磷、全钾、可溶性糖含量随大豆生育时期推进逐渐增加，且均低于净作对照。通过相关分析，大豆地上地下生物量与根系养分积累量、伤流强度及组分含量间均呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）。【结论】在玉米-大豆带状套作种植中，行距配置的差异性导致大豆地上地下生物量和根系伤流强度的变化而影响根系养分的吸收和物质的转运。

关键词: 玉米, 大豆, 套作, 生物量, 根系伤流, 养分

Abstract: 【Objective】 Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an important N-fixing crop, and is a major oilseed crop produced and consumed for protein and oil throughout the world. How maize planting patterns affect the root biomass, bleeding sap and nutrient of soybean were analyzed under maize-soybean relay strip intercropping systems. This study will provide a theoretical basis for reasonable group configuration of maize-soybean strip intercropping. 【Method】The experiment was conducted in 2012-2013 to analyze the effect of maize row-spacing patterns on soybean root biomass, accumulation of N, P and K, bleeding intensity and bleeding sap components at V3, V5 and R2 stages under maize- soybean relay strip intercropping systems. This experiment comprised three maize and soybean intercropping systems and one sole soybean treatment with three replications. Maize cultivar Chuandan418, and soybean cultivar Nandou12 were used as materials. The following maize planting patterns were adopted: A1 (20 cm+180 cm, 20 cm narrow row and 180 cm wide row), A2 (40 cm +160 cm), A3 (60 cm+140 cm). Maize-to-soybean row ratio was also 2:2. Soybean was planted in the wide rows before the reproductive stage of maize. 【Result】 Above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass and root accumulation of N, P and K in soybean were decreased with increasing maize narrow-row spacing, and these parameters under intercropping conditions were less than those of monoculture significantly (P<0.05). Root bleeding intensity of soybean was decreased from V3 to R2 stages, opposite trends were appeared from A1 to A3 treatments at the same growth stage. No significant difference of root bleeding intensity was found in A1 and A2 treatments (P>0.05). Root bleeding intensity at V3, V5 and R2 stage in A1 treatment was decreased by 27.69%, 26.11% and 23.23% compared with those of monoculture, respectively. Nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, soluble sugar content of bleeding sap and bleeding intensity of soybean root increased gradually with increasing the soybean growth stages except the ammonium nitrogen content. The correlation among root nutrient accumulation, bleeding intensity, bleeding sap component concentration, above-ground and below-ground biomass were significant (P < 0.01). 【Conclusion】Therefore，planting pattern affect the soybean biomass and root bleeding intensity in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system, this will influence the nutrient absorption and matter transport of soybean root.

Key words: maize, soybean, relay intercropping, biomass, root bleeding sap, nutrient

杨峰，娄莹，刘沁林，范元芳，刘卫国，雍太文，王小春，杨文钰. 玉米行距配置对套作大豆生物量、根系伤流及养分的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(20): 4056-4064.

YANG Feng, LOU Ying, LIU Qin-lin, FAN Yuan-fang, LIU Wei-guo, YONG Tai-wen, WANG Xiao-chun, YANG Wen-yu. Effect of Maize Row Spacing on Biomass, Root Bleeding Sap and Nutrient of Soybean in Relay Strip Intercropping Systems[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(20): 4056-4064.

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