分子标记辅助选择玉米杂种后代创新种质方法研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.20.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】目前，玉米生产上利用的杂交种95%以上是单交种。利用分子标记辅助选择手段探索从杂交种后代中高效发掘分别适合作父本和母本材料的方法，利用提高杂交种类资源的利用效率，为推动玉米育种发展进程奠定基础。【方法】以爆裂玉米杂交种JB1的F1代种子作为试验材料，首先利用玉米全基因组范围内SSR分子标记，经聚合酶链式反应（PCR）扩增，非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）对杂交种种皮和胚进行基因型检测，筛选多态性SSR分子标记，明确相应父、母本的基因型。在此基础上，选取10条染色体上均匀分布的多态性SSR分子标记对F₂及后续2个世代的分离群体进行逐代分子标记辅助选择，获得的后代材料可分为3组，即类父本材料、类母本材料和中间型材料。为了进一步评估所选材料的杂种优势恢复程度及在育种工作中的实际应用价值，采用不完全双列杂交方法，在F4代对类父本和类母本两组材料配制了组内、组间杂交组合；同时，利用3个测验种与基于分子标记选择获得的类父本材料、类母本材料以及在早代通过育种经验选取的优异材料进行测交试验，对最终获得的2 780个各种类型组合在北京顺义和河北蔚县2个不同环境下进行产量鉴定及综合评价。【结果】分子标记辅助选择显著提高了分离后代中材料的选择效率，F₄代辅助选择材料中，类父本材料与父本的相似度最高可达79.5%，类母本材料与母本的相似度最高可达73.7%，显著高于随机选择条件下的亲本相似度均值。不同类型辅助选择材料间保持了较大的遗传距离，最大可达86%。F4代材料相互组配，不同亲本类型辅助选择材料组配的杂交种小区产量显著高于同类型辅助选择材料组配的杂交种。测验种组配的测交组合鉴定结果显示，本研究中与类父本材料组配的杂交种表现出较强的杂种优势，产量显著高于与类母本材料及早代通过育种经验选取的优异材料组配的测交组合，且存在产量超过原杂交种最大值的组合。【结论】利用分子标记技术作为辅助选择手段，从杂交种资源中发掘优异育种材料、开展种质创新的方法，可有效提高杂交种资源的利用效率。

关键词: 玉米, 杂交种, 种质资源, 分子标记辅助选择, 种质创新

Abstract: 【Objective】 Research on marker-assisted methodology of developing germplasm suited as female and male parents was of practical importance in improving utilization efficiency of this source and promoting the development of maize breeding, since single-cross hybrids are over 95% in maize production. 【Method】 A popcorn hybrid, "JB1", was used as the initial entry in the present study to obtain polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and determine the parents’ genotype by performing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with genome-wide SSR markers and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Subsequently, marker-assisted selection was performed in progenies of F₂ and two later subsequent generations using the polymorphic markers distributed evenly on the ten chromosomes of maize. As a result, three groups of progenies were obtained, i.e. male parent-like, female parent-like and middle type. To evaluate the heterosis and the breeding value of these selected progenies, hybrid combinations were made by using incomplete diallel cross in F₄ among the progenies from the male-like and female-like group which selected by marker-assisted selection. Testcrosses were also made between three testers and the materials selected by marker-assisted selection and breeding experience in early generation, respectively. Yield experiments and comprehensive evaluation of 2 780 hybrids were then conducted in Shunyi of Beijing and Yuxian of Hebei. 【Result】 Marker-assisted selection significantly improved the selection efficiency in the separate communities. In the F₄ generation, the similarity to the male parent and the female parent of selected materials could be as high as 79.5% and 73.7%, respectively. The similarity to the parents was much higher than that under the condition of random selection. Genetic distance between the materials from the male-like group and the female-like group was large and the maximum was 86%. Phenotypic analysis showed that the average plot yield of hybrid combinations between the male-like group and the female-like group was higher than that of hybrid combinations within each of the two groups, and there were no combinations whose yield exceeded the control (the original hybrid, JB1). Meanwhile, the testcrosses generated from the male-like materials displayed stronger heterosis and had higher plot yields than those generated from the female-like materials and the materials selected by breeding experience. There also existed some hybrid combinations whose yields exceeded the control. 【Conclusion】The study proposed a technical route of SSR marker-assisted germplasm development based on maize hybrids which could be useful in promoting use efficiency of maize hybrids.

Key words: maize, hybrids, germplasm resources, marker-assisted selection, germplasm development

从春生，李永祥，李春辉，石云素，宋燕春，张登峰，黎裕，王天宇. 分子标记辅助选择玉米杂种后代创新种质方法研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(20): 3874-3885.

CONG Chun-sheng, LI Yong-xiang, LI Chun-hui, SHI Yun-su, SONG Yan-chun, ZHANG Deng-feng, LI Yu, WANG Tian-yu. Research on Methodology of Maize Germplasm Development with Source of Hybrids by Using Marker-Assisted Selection[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(20): 3874-3885.

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