2006—2015年中国小麦质量年度变化

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.16.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】中国小麦由强筋小麦、中强筋小麦、中筋小麦和弱筋小麦4种类型构成，分析近10年来各类型小麦年度质量变化，探讨小麦生产质量现状、存在的问题和解决方法，为小麦生产、科研、购销和加工等环节提供必要的参考。【方法】对2006—2015年中国小麦生产区742个小麦品种7 561份样品的容重、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉淀指数和面团流变学特性进行测定，分析各类型小麦年度比例和8个主要品质性状年度变化。【结果】小麦品种结构有所改善，但达标样品比例较低。从品种比例看，强筋品种、中强筋品种、中筋品种和弱筋品种比例分别为12.6%、16.7%、68.7%和2.0%，年度间保持稳定。从样品比例看，强筋小麦、中强筋小麦、中筋小麦和弱筋小麦样品比例分别为21.0%、16.9%、49.4%和3.8%；各类型小麦样品比例年度间变化差异较大，年度间强筋小麦和中筋小麦呈此消彼长趋势，中强筋小麦呈缓慢增加趋势，弱筋小麦呈下降趋势。从达标样品比例看，各类型小麦达标比例较低，强筋小麦、中强筋小麦、中筋小麦和弱筋小麦达标比例分别为4.8%、4.6%、25.0%和0.4%。中国小麦总体质量表现为中筋小麦水平，容重、蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量年度间变化趋势不明显，沉淀指数、粉质和拉伸参数呈小幅下降趋势。强筋小麦、中强筋小麦和中筋小麦品质性状年度间保持相对稳定，沉淀指数、粉质和拉伸参数变化趋势基本相同；弱筋小麦近年来蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和沉淀指数年度平均值增加，品质下降。不同类型小麦品质性状差异较大，容重年度平均值大小依次为中强筋小麦＞强筋小麦＞中筋小麦＞弱筋小麦，蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量年度平均值大小依次为强筋小麦＞中筋小麦＞中强筋小麦＞弱筋小麦，沉淀指数、粉质和拉伸参数年度平均值大小依次为强筋小麦＞中强筋小麦＞中筋小麦、弱筋小麦；年度平均值变幅不同，其中沉淀指数、粉质和拉伸参数年度平均值变幅大小依次为强筋小麦＞中强筋小麦＞中筋小麦、弱筋小麦。【结论】中国小麦品种结构有所改善，各类型小麦达标比例较低，小麦质量有较大提升空间。应通过选育和推广高产优质专用小麦品种、合理增加现有各类型优质小麦品种面积和加大政策扶持力度等途径，优化品种结构，提高小麦质量。

关键词: 小麦, 品质, 蛋白质含量, 品种, 湿面筋含量

Abstract: 【Objective】In this paper, the authors intended to give an overview of wheat quality with strong gluten, medium- strong gluten, medium gluten and weak gluten in wheat producing regions of China in recently 10 years, and to discuss the problems and solutions for wheat quality. 【Method】 A total of 7 561 samples of 742 wheat cultivars were collected from wheat producing regions of China in 2006–2015, and the variety structure was summed up, and testing weight, protein content, wet gluten content, sedimentation volume, and dough rheological properties were determined. 【Result】The testing results showed that wheat variety structure had some improvement which the proportion of wheat cultivars with strong gluten (12.6%), medium-strong gluten (16.7%), medium gluten (68.7%) and weak gluten wheat(2.0%) remained stable in years, and the proportion of each type of wheat samples reached 21.0%, 16.9%, 49.4% and 2.0%, respectively, while the proportion of wheat samples with each type reaching the standards was less (4.8%, 4.6%, 25.0%, and 0.4%, respectively). Each type of wheat samples varied among years, i.e., the proportion of strong gluten wheat and weak gluten wheat declined, while the medium gluten wheat and medium-strong gluten wheat increased in recent years. The medium gluten wheat is qualified as the relatively high protein quantity and low protein quality, but the sedimentation volume and dough rheological properties decreased slightly in years. The quality of wheat cultivars with strong gluten, medium- strong gluten and medium gluten remained stable, which the trends of sedimentation volume and dough rheological properties were similar, while the weak gluten wheat declined in quality due to the mean value of protein content, wet gluten content and sedimentation volume increased. There were distinct differences among the four types in quality, which the mean value of testing weight declined from medium strong gluten to strong gluten, and to medium gluten and weak gluten, protein content and wet gluten content declined from strong gluten to medium gluten, and to medium-strong gluten and weak gluten, sedimentation volume and dough rheological properties declined from strong gluten to medium-strong gluten, and to medium gluten and weak gluten. The change in average of quality traits among the four types was also different, of which the change range of sedimentation volume and dough rheological properties declined from strong gluten to medium-strong gluten, and to medium gluten and weak gluten. 【Conclusion】 Chinese wheat variety structure had some improvement, and the proportion of different types reaching the standards was less, which indicated there was much room for improvement of quality. In order to improve the quality of wheat by optimizing the structure of variety, it should increase the quality of breeding high-yielding wheat varieties and promotion efforts, optimize the regional distribution of approved varieties，and intensify policy support and so on.

Key words: common wheat, quality, protein content, cultivar, wet gluten content

胡学旭，孙丽娟，周桂英，吴丽娜，陆伟，李为喜，王爽，杨秀兰，宋敬可，王步军. 2006—2015年中国小麦质量年度变化[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(16): 3063-3072.

HU Xue-xu, SUN Li-juan, ZHOU Gui-ying, WU Li-na, LU Wei, LI Wei-xi, WANG Shuang, YANG Xiu-lan, SONG Jing-ke, WANG Bu-jun. Variations of Wheat Quality in China From 2006 to 2015[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(16): 3063-3072.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.16.001

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2016/V49/I16/3063

参考文献

[1] 万富世, 王光瑞, 李宗智. 我国小麦品质现状及其改良目标初探. 中国农业科学, 1989, 22(3): 14-21.

Wan F S, Wang G R, Li Z Z. A preliminary approach on present situation and objectives of improvement of wheat quality in China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 1989, 22(3): 14-21. (in Chinese)

[2] 王晓燕, 李宗智, 张彩英, 于光华, 王乐凯, 万富世, 王光瑞. 全国小麦品种品质检测报告. 河北农业大学学报, 1995, 18(1): 1-9.

Wang X Y, Li Z Z, Zhang C Y, Yu G H, Wang L K, Wan F S, Wang G R. A report of evaluation of quality of wheat varieties in China. Journal of Hebei Agricultural University, 1995, 18(1): 1-9. (in Chinese)

[3] 王晓燕, 卢少源, 荣广哲, 张彩英. 第三次全国面包小麦品种(系)品质分析. 河北农业大学学报, 1997, 20(2): 1-5.

Wang X Y, Lu S Y, Rong G Z, Zhang C Y. The third analysis on the quality of bread wheat varieties (lines) in China. Journal of Hebei Agricultural University, 1997, 20(2): 1-5. (in Chinese)

[4] 李鸿恩, 吴秀琴, 李宗智. 我国小麦种质资源主要品质特性鉴定结果及评价. 中国农业科学, 1995, 28(5): 29-37.

Li H E, Wu X Q, Li Z Z. Determination and evaluation on the main quality characters of wheat germplasm resources in China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 1995, 28(5): 29-37. (in Chinese)

[5] 昝香存, 周桂英, 吴丽娜, 王爽, 胡学旭, 陆伟, 王步军. 我国小麦品质现状分析. 麦类作物学报, 2006, 26(6): 46-49.

Zan X C, Zhou G Y, Wu L N, Wang S, Hu X X, Lu W, Wang B J. Present status of wheat quality in China. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2006, 26(6): 46-49. (in Chinese)

[6] 齐琳娟, 胡学旭, 周桂英, 王爽, 李静梅, 陆伟, 吴丽娜, 陆美斌, 孙丽娟, 杨秀兰, 宋敬可, 王步军. 2004-2011年中国主产省小麦蛋白质品质分析. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(20): 4242-4251.

Qi L J, Hu X X, Zhou G Y, Wang S, Li J M, Lu W, Wu L N, Lu M B, Sun L J, Yang X L, Song J K, Wang B J. Analysis of wheat protein quality in main wheat producing areas of China from 2004 to 2011. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(20): 4242-4251. (in Chinese)

[7] 关二旗, 魏益民, 张波, 郭进考, 张国权, 刘彦军, 罗勤贵, 班进福. 黄淮冬麦区部分区域小麦品种构成及品质性状分析. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(6): 1159-1168.

Guan E Q, Wei Y M, Zhang B, Guo J K, Zhang G Q, Liu Y J, Luo Q G, Ban J F. Study on the quality properties of wheat and variety composition in the northern regions of Henan. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(6): 1159-1168. (in Chinese)

[8] 班进福, 刘彦军, 郭进考, 魏益民, 张国丛, 彭义峰, 郭家宝. 2009年冀中小麦品质状况分析. 中国粮油学报, 2011, 26(3): 5-10.

Ban J F, Liu Y J, Guo J K, Wei Y M, Zhang G C, Peng Y F, Guo J B. Analysis on the farinograph parameters of wheat in central Hebei in 2009. Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association, 2011, 26(3): 5-10. (in Chinese)

[9] 卢洋洋, 张影全, 刘锐, 赵酒林, 杨春玲, 盛坤, 董昀, 侯军红, 魏益民. 豫北小麦籽粒质量性状空间变异特征. 麦类作物学报, 2014, 34(4): 495-501.

Lu Y Y, Zhang Y Q, Liu R, Zhao J L, Yang C L, Sheng K, Dong J, Hou J H, Wei Y M. Spatial variability analysis of grain quality parameters of wheat grown in Northern Henan. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2014, 34(4): 495-501. (in Chinese)

[10] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 中华人民共和国国家标准: GB/T 17892-1999.优质小麦—强筋小麦. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1999.

General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China. National Standard of the People’s Republic of China: High Quality Wheat-Strong Gluten Wheat. GB/T 17892-1999. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 1999. (in Chinese)

[11] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 中华人民共和国国家标准: GB/T 17893-1999. 优质小麦—弱筋小麦. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 1999.

General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China. National Standard of the People’s Republic of China: High Quality Wheat-Weak Gluten Wheat. GB/T 17893-1999. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 1999. (in Chinese)

[12] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 中华人民共和国国家标准: GB/T 17320–2013. 小麦品种品质分类. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2013.

General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China. National Standard of the People’s Republic of China: Quality Classification of Wheat Varieties. GB/T 17320-2013. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 1999. (in Chinese)

[13] 农业部种植业管理司.中国小麦质量报告[R], 2014.

Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Department of Crop Production. Annual Report of Wheat Quality in China [R], 2014. (in Chinese)

[14] 张学林, 梅四伟, 郭天财, 王晨阳, 朱云集, 王永华. 遗传和环境因素对不同冬小麦品种品质性状的影响麦类作物学报, 2010, 30(2): 249-253..

Zhang X L, Mei S W, Guo T C, Wang C Y, Zhu Y J, Wang Y H. Effects of genotype and environment on winter wheat qualities. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2010, 30(2): 249-253. (in Chinese)

[15] 张艳, 何中虎, 周桂英, 王德森. 基因型和环境对我国冬播麦区小麦品质性状的影响. 中国粮油学报, 1999, 14(5): 1-5.

Zhang Y, He Z H, Zhou G Y, Wang D S. Genotype and environment effects on major quality characters of winter-sown Chinese wheats. Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association, 1999, 14(5): 1-5. (in Chinese)

[16] 王格格, 张国权, 欧阳韶晖, 王新中. 优质小麦品种对栽培环境的品质适应性分析. 麦类作物学报, 2006, 26(2): 77-81.

Wang G G, Zhang G Q, OuYang S H, Wang X Z. Quality adaptability of high-quality wheat cultivars to planting environment. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2006, 26(2): 77-81. (in Chinese)

[17] 兰涛, 潘洁, 姜东, 戴廷波, 曹卫星. 生态环境和播期对小麦籽粒产量及品质性状间相关性的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2005, 25(4): 72-78.

Lan T, Pan J, Jiang D, Dai T B, Cao W X. Effects of eco-environments and sowing dates on the relationships between grain quality traits in winter wheat. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2005, 25(4):72-78. (in Chinese)

[18] 李远, 赵檀, 王睿辉, 陈景堂, 刘桂茹, 温树敏, 谷俊涛. 河北省小麦品种基于SSR标记的遗传多样性研究. 河北农业大学学报, 2012, 35(4): 1-5.

Li Y, Zhao T, Wang R H, Chen J T, Liu G R, Wen S M, Gu J T. Genetic diversity of bread wheat in Hebei province, China based on microsatellite markers. Journal of Hebei Agricultural University, 2012, 35(4): 1-5. (in Chinese)

[19] 王江春, 胡延吉, 余松烈, 王振林, 刘爱峰, 王洪刚. 建国以来山东省小麦品种及其亲本的亲缘系数分析. 中国农业科学, 2006, 39(4): 664-672.

Wang J C, Hu Y J, Yu S L, Wang Z L, Liu A F, Wang H G. Relationship coefficient analysis among winter wheat varieties and their parents in Shandong province after liberation. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2006, 39(4): 664-672. (in Chinese)

[20] 曹廷杰, 谢菁忠, 吴秋红, 陈永兴, 王振忠, 赵虹, 王西成, 詹克慧, 徐如强, 王际睿, 罗明成, 刘志勇. 河南省近年审定小麦品种基于系谱和SNP标记的遗传多样性分析. 作物学报, 2015, 41(2): 197-206.

Cao T J, Xie J Z, Wu Q H, Chen Y X, Wang Z Z, Zhao H, Wang X C, Zhan K H, Xu R Q, Wang J R, Luo M C, Liu Z Y. Genetic diversity of registered wheat varieties in Henan province based on pedigree and single-nucleotide polymorphism. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2015, 41(2): 197-206. (in Chinese)

[21] 杨子博, 顾正中, 周羊梅, 王安邦, 李立群, 李学军. 江苏淮北地区小麦品种资源遗传多样性的SSR分析. 麦类作物学报, 2014, 34(5): 628-634.

Yang Z B, Gu Z Z, Zhou Y M, Wang A B, Li L Q, Li X J. Analysis of genetic diversity among wheat cultivars from Huaibei region of Jiangsu province using SSR markers. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2014, 34(5): 628-634. (in Chinese)

[22] 张学勇, 庞斌双, 游光霞, 王兰芬, 贾继增, 董玉琛. 中国小麦品种资源Glu-1位点组成概况及遗传多样性分析. 中国农业科学, 2002, 35(11): 1302-1310.

Zhang X Y, Pang B S, You G X,Wang L F, Jia J Z, Dong Y C. Allelic variation and genetic diversity at Glu-1 loci in Chinese wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasms. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2002, 35(11): 1302-1310. (in Chinese)

[23] 董永梅, 杨欣明, 柴守诚, 李洪杰, 李立会, 李秀全. 中国小麦代表性地方品种高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成分析. 麦类作物学报, 2007, 27(5): 820-824.

Dong Y M, Yang X M, Chai S C,Li H J, Li L H, Li X Q. HMW-GS composition in the representative wheat landraces from China. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2007, 27(5): 820-824. (in Chinese)

[24] 胡学旭, 周桂英, 吴丽娜, 陆伟, 武力, 李静梅, 王爽, 宋敬可, 杨秀兰, 王步军. 中国主产区小麦在品质区域间的差异. 作物学报, 2009, 35(6): 1167-1172.

Hu X X, Zhou G Y, Wu L N,Lu W, Wu L, Li J M, Wang S, Song J K, Yang X L, Wang B J. Variation of wheat quality in main wheat-producing regions in China. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2009, 35(6): 1167-1172. (in Chinese)

[25] U.S. Wheat Associates. 2015 crop quality report [R]. http://www. uswheat.org.

[26] Dhaliwal A S, Mares D J, Marshall D R. Measurement of dough surface stickness associated with 1B/1R chromosome translocation in bread wheats. Journal of Cereal Science, 1990, 12: 165-175.

[27] He Z H, Liu L, Xia X C, Liu J J, Peña R J. Composition of HMW and LMW glutenin subunits and their effects on dough properties, pan bread, and noodle quality of Chinese bread wheats. Cereal Chemistry, 2005, 82: 345-350.

[28] Basset L M, Allan R E, Rubenthaler G L. Genotype × environment interaction on softwhite winter wheat quality. Agronomy Journal, 1989, 1: 955-960.

[29] Peterson C J, Graybosch R A, Baenziger P S, Grombacher A W. Genotype and environment effects on quality characteristics of hard red winter wheat. Crop Science, 1992, 32: 98-103.

[30] Bergman C J, Gualbrto D G, Campbell K G, Sorrells M E, Finney P L. Genotype and environment effects on wheat quality traits in a population derived from a soft by hard cross. Cereal Chemistry, 1998, 75: 739-737.

[31] 周阳, 何中虎, 张改生, 夏兰琴, 陈新民, 高永超, 井赵斌, 于广军. 1BL/1RS易位系在我国小麦育种中的应用. 作物学报, 2004, 30(6): 531-535.

Zhou Y, He Z H, Zhang G S,Xia L Q, Chen X M, Gao Y C, Jing Z B, Yu G J. Utilization of 1BL/1RS translocation in wheat breeding in China. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2004, 30(6): 531-535. (in Chinese)

[32] Graybosh R A, Peterson C J, Hansen L E, Mattern P J. Relationships between protein solubility characteristics, 1BL/1RS, high molecular weight glutenin composition, and end-use quality in winter wheat germ plasm. Cereal Chemistry, 1990, 67: 342-349.

[33] Shi Z X, Chen X M, Line R F, Leung H, Wellings C R. Development of resistance gene analog polymorphism markers for the Yr9 gene resistance to wheat stripe rust. Genome, 2001, 44: 509-516.

[34] Lukaszewski A J. Manipulation of the 1RS?1BL translocation in wheat by induced homoeologous recombination. Crop Science, 2000, 40: 216-225.

[35] Fu S, Tang Z, Ren Z, Zhang H. Transfer to wheat (Triticum aestivum) of small chromosome segments from rye (Secale cereale) carrying disease resistance genes. Journal of Applied Genetics, 2010, 51: 115-121.

[36] 柴建芳, 王海波, 马秀英, 张翠绵, 董福双. ω-黑麦碱基因沉默对小麦1B/1R易位系加工品质的影响. 作物学报, 2016, 42(5): 627-632.

CHAI J F, WANG H B, MA X Y, ZHANG C M, DONG F S. Effect of ω-Secalin gene silencing on processing quality of wheat 1B/1R translocation line. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2016, 42(5): 627-632. (in Chinese)