长期施肥对土壤及玉米籽粒中Pb、As含量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.23.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究褐土区长期施肥农田土壤重金属Pb、As含量的动态变化规律。【方法】基于22年的氮磷化肥与有机肥配施长期定位试验，通过对0—20及20—40 cm土层及2013年玉米籽粒Pb、As含量的测定，分析褐土农田Pb、As的累积状况、年际变化特征、剖面分布特征及对玉米籽粒Pb、As含量的影响。【结果】不施肥处理土壤Pb、As含量均有所减少，其他施肥处理均有所累积；土壤Pb含量整体呈升高趋势，较基础土样升高了1.77—8.41 mg?kg^-1，升高幅度为4.42％—20.95％；土壤As含量则呈下降趋势，较基础土样降低了17.10％—41.54％；Pb具有表聚性，As在20—40 cm土层的含量要高于耕层；2013年不同施肥处理土壤重金属Pb、As含量均未超过土壤环境质量二级标准；其中磷肥和有机肥对褐土中 Pb、As含量的处理间差异影响不显著；2013年玉米籽粒中Pb、As含量低于国家食品安全限量标准。【结论】施肥处理均表现出重金属Pb累积现象，因此应注意控制肥料的施用量。

关键词: 长期施肥, 褐土, 重金属, 玉米籽粒

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study is to explore the dynamic changes on contents of heavy metal Pb, As in cinnamon soil of long-term fertilization.【Method】Based on the experiment on 22-year application of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic fertilizers and the analysis of Pb and As contents in 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers and maize grains in 2013, the effects of accumulation state, interannual variation characteristics and profile distribution on changes of Pb and As contents in cinnamon soil and maize grains after long-term fertilization were studied.【Result】The soil Pb and As contents of no fertilizer treatment decreased, others increased. The soil Pb content increased 1.77-8.41 mg?kg^-1and variation of Pb was between 4.42% and 20.95%, respectively, as compared to the baseline levels. The soil As content decreased 17.10%-41.54%, respectively, as compared to the baseline levels. The content of Pb has obvious properties of surface-accumulation. The content of As in 20-40 cm soil layer was more than that in the plough layer. The contents of two heavy metals in soil tested in 2013 did not exceed the upper limits of the grade II criteria of the Environment Quality Standard for Soil. Pb and As contents in cinnamon soil were not significantly affected by the use of phosphate and organic fertilizers among treatments. Pb and As contents in maize grains analyzed in 2013 were below their respective thresholds of the national food safety standard.【Conclusion】The accumulation of heavy metal Pb in fertilization treatments was demonstrated. So, more attention should be paid to control the amount of fertilizer application.

Key words: long-term fertilization, cinnamon soil, heavy metals, maize grain

杨振兴，周怀平，解文艳，关春林，车丽. 长期施肥对土壤及玉米籽粒中Pb、As含量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(23): 4827-4836.

YANG Zhen-xing, ZHOU Huai-ping, XIE Wen-yan, GUAN Chun-lin, CHE Li. Effect of Long-Term Fertilization on Pb, As Contents of Soil and Maize Grain[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(23): 4827-4836.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.23.024

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2015/V48/I23/4827

参考文献

[1] 杨科璧. 中国农田土壤重金属污染与其植物修复研究. 世界农业, 2007(8): 58-61.

Yang K B. Study on heavy metal contamination in soils in China and its phyotoremediation. World Agriculture, 2007(8): 58-61. (in Chinese)

[2] 张茜, 李菊梅, 徐明岗. 石灰用量对污染红壤和黄泥土中有效态铜锌含量的影响. 中国土壤与肥料, 2007(4): 68-71.

Zhang Q, Li J M, Xu M G. Effects of lime application rate on available copper and zinc content in single and complex polluted red and paddy soils. Soils and Fertilizers Sciences in China, 2007(4): 68-71. (in Chinese)

[3] 李芳, 钱秋芳. 土壤重金属污染研究进展. 安徽农学通报, 2011, 17(10): 80-82.

Li f, Qian Q F. Advances in pollution of heavy metals in soil. Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2011, 17(10): 80-82. (in Chinese)

[4] 曾希柏, 苏世鸣, 马世铭, 白玲玉, 李树辉, 李莲芳. 我国农田生态系统重金属的循环与调控. 应用生态学报, 2010, 21(9): 2418-2426.

Zeng X B, Su S M, Ma S M, Bai L Y, Li S H, Li L F. Heavy metals cycling and its regulation in Chinese cropland ecosystems. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2010, 21(9): 2418-2426. (in Chinese)

[5] 刘小诗, 李连芳, 曾希柏, 胡新. 典型农业土壤重金属的累积特征与源解析. 核农学报, 2014, 28(7): 1288-1297.

Liu X S, Li L F, Zeng X B, Hu X. Characterization of heavy metal accumulation in typical agriculture soils and its source analysis. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 28(7): 1288-1297. (in Chinese)

[6] 张小敏, 张秀英, 钟太洋, 江洪. 中国农田土壤重金属富集状况及其空间分布研究. 环境科学, 2014, 35(2): 692-703.

Zhang X M, Zhang X Y, Zhong T Y, Jiang H. Spatial distribution and accumulation of heavy metal in arable land soil of China. Environmental Science, 2014, 35(2): 692-703. (in Chinese)

[7] 庞夙, 李廷轩, 王永东, 余海英, 郭其灵, 陈东明. 县域农田土壤铜、锌、铬含量空间变异特征及其影响因子分析. 中国农业科学, 2010, 43(4): 737-743.

Pang S, Li T X, Wang Y D, Yu H Y, Guo Q L, Chen D M. Spatial variability and influencing factors of the concentrations on Cu, Zn, and Cr in cropland soil on county scales. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(4): 737-743. (in Chinese)

[8] 王幼奇, 白一茹, 王建宇. 引黄灌区不同尺度农田土壤重金属空间分布及污染评价: 以银川市兴庆区为例. 环境科学, 2014, 35(7): 2714-2720.

Wang Y Q, Bai Y R, Wang J Y. Distribution of soil heavy metal and pollution evaluation on the different sampling scales in farmland on yellow river irrigation area of Ningxia: A case study in Xingqing County of Yinchuan City. Environmental Science, 2014, 35(7): 2714-2720. (in Chinese)

[9] 赵明, 蔡葵, 王文娇, 赵征宇, 陈建美. 施肥对大棚土壤有效态重金属含量及生物效应的影响. 农业环境科学学报, 2010, 29(增刊): 26-31.

Zhao M, Cai K, Wang W J, Zhao Z Y, Chen J M. Effects of fertilization on soil available heavy metal content and biological effects in greenhouse. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2010, 29(Suppl.): 26-31. (in Chinese)

[10] 李双异, 刘赫, 汪景宽. 长期定位施肥对棕壤重金属全量及其有效性影响. 农业环境科学学报, 2010, 29(6): 1125-1129.

Li S Y, Liu H, Wang J K. Effects of long-term located fertilization on heavy metals and their availability in brown earth. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2010, 29(6): 1125-1129. (in Chinese)

[11] 李文庆, 张民, 束怀瑞, 康少杰, 张明月. 有机肥对土壤铜形态及其生物效应的影响. 水土保持学报, 2011, 25(2): 359-361.

Li W Q, Zhang M, Shu H R, Kang S J, Zhang M Y. Influence of manure application on soil copper fractionation and its biological effects. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2011, 25(2): 359-361. (in Chinese)

[12] 雷停, 孙传敏. 重金属镍的土壤污染及迁移转化. 地球科学进展, 2012, 27(增刊): 359-361.

Lei T, Sun C M. Soil pollution and transfer of heavy metals of nickel. Advances in Earth Science, 2012, 27(Suppl.): 359-361. (in Chinese)

[13] 南忠仁. 干旱区绿洲土壤作物系统重金属化学行为及生态风险评估研究. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2011: 34-36.

Nan Z R. Heavy Metal Chemical Behavior and Ecological Risk Assessment of Soil Crop System in Arid Area. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press, 2011: 34-36. (in Chinese)

[14] 荆旭慧, 李恋卿, 潘根兴. 不同环境下土壤作物系统中重金属元素迁移分配特点. 生态环境, 2007, 16(3): 812-817.

Jing X H, Li L Q, Pan G X. Accumulation and partitioning of some heavy metals in soil-crop system under different environmental impacts. Ecology and Environment, 2007, 16(3): 812-817. (in Chinese)

[15] 王婷, 张倩, 杨海雪, 黄青青, 李圣男, 韩丽媛, 李花粉, 苏德纯, 乔玉辉. 农田土壤中铜的来源分析及控制阈值研究. 生态毒理学报, 2014, 9(4): 774-784.

Wang T, Zhang Q, Yang H X, Huang Q Q, Li S N, Han L Y, Li H F, Su D C, Qiao Y H. Analysis of copper source in farmland soil and threshold study for soil pollution control. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2014, 9(4): 774-784. (in Chinese)

[16] 赵明, 蔡葵, 孙永红, 赵征宇, 王文娇, 陈建美. 不同施肥处理对番茄产量品质及土壤有效态重金属含量的影响. 农业环境科学学报, 2010, 29(6): 1072-1078.

Zhao M, Cai K, Sun Y H, Zhao Z Y, Wang W J, Chen J M. Influence of organic and chemical fertilizers on tomato yield, quality, and the content of available heavy metals in soil. Journal of Agro- Environment Science, 2010, 29(6): 1072-1078. (in Chinese)

[17] 王美, 李书田. 肥料重金属含量状况及施肥对土壤和作物重金属富集的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(2): 466-480.

Wang M, Li S T. Heavy metals in fertilizers and effect of the fertilization on heavy metal accumulation in soils and crops. Journal of Plant Nutrition Fertilizer, 2014, 20(2): 466-480. (in Chinese)

[18] 张雨梅, 殷俊, 胡成云, 崔卫波, 刘学. 含砷鸡粪施肥后对青菜和番茄植株中砷富集的影响. 农业环境科学学报, 2011, 30(11): 2192-2196.

Zhang Y M, Yin J, Hu C Y, Cui W B, Liu X. Effect of as-bearing chicken manure on as accumulation of pakchoi cabbage and tomato shoots. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2011, 30(11): 2192-2196. (in Chinese)

[19] 唐成, 宋同清, 杨钙仁, 彭晚霞, 曾馥平, 杜虎, 谭秋锦. 大环江两岸农田重金属污染现状及健康风险评价. 农业现代化研究, 2013, 34(5): 613-616.

Tang C, Song T Q, Yang G R, Peng W X, Zeng F P, Du H, Tan Q J. Status and health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution of farmland soil in two sides of great Huanjiang River. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 2013, 34(5): 613-616. (in Chinese)

[20] 易治伍, 王灵, 钱翌, 孙静, 朱建雯. 乌鲁木齐市农田土壤重金属含量及评价. 干旱区资源与环境, 2009, 23(2): 150-154. (in Chinese)

Yi Z W, Wang L, Qian Y, Sun J, Zhu J W. Heavy metal contents and evaluation of farmland soil in Urumqi. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2009, 23(2): 150-154. (in Chinese)

[21] 孔文杰. 畜禽商品有机肥与化肥配施对土壤-萝卜系统重金属平衡影响. 水土保持学报, 2011, 25(2): 249-252.

Kong W J. Effects of integrated fertilization with commercial organic manure made from feces of domestic animals and chemical fertilizers on heavy metal balance in soil-radish cropping system. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2011, 25(2): 249-252. (in Chinese)

[22] 徐勇贤, 黄标, 史学正, 于东升, 王洪杰, 常青, 周立祥. 典型农业型城乡交错区小型蔬菜生产系统重金属平衡的研究. 土壤, 2008, 40(2): 249-256.

Xu Y X, Huang B, Shi X Z, Yu D S, Wang H J, Chang Q, Zhou L X. Budget of heavy metals in small-sized vegetable farming system in a typical peri-urban agricultural area. Soils, 2008, 40(2): 249-256. (in Chinese)

[23] Mirlean N, Baisch P, Machado I, Shumilin E. Mercury contamination of soil as the result of long-term phosphate fertilizer production. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2008, 81(3): 305-308.

[24] Zhao X L, Wang D Y. Mercury in some chemical fertilizers and the effect of calcium superphosphate on mercury uptake by corn seedlings (Zea mays L.). Journal of Environmental Sciences-China, 2010, 22(8): 1184-1188.

[25] 王改玲, 李立科, 郝明德, 张萌. 长期定位施肥对土壤重金属含量的影响及环境评价. 水土保持学报, 2010, 24(3): 60-63.

Wang G L, Li L K, Hao M D, Zhang M. Effects of long-term fertilization on heavy-metal contents of soil and environmental quality evaluation. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2010, 24(3): 60-63. (in Chinese)

[26] 刘雪琴, 仝瑞建, 宋睿. 植物的砷污染研究进展. 湖北农业科学, 2014, 53(15): 3477-3481.

Liu X Q, Tong R J, Song R. Arsenic contamination of plant. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 53(15): 3477-3481. (in Chinese)

[27] Pirrie D, Power M R, Wheeler P D, Cundy A, Bridges C, Davey G. Geochemical signature of historical mining Fowey Estuary, Cornwall, UK. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2002, 76(1): 31-43.

[28] Klumpp A, Hintemann T, Lima J S, Kandeler E. Bioindication of air pollution effects near a copper smelter in Brazil using mango trees and soil microbiological properties. Environmental Pollution, 2003, 126(3): 313-321.

[29] Loppi S, Frati L, Paoli L, Bigagli V, Rossetti C, Corsini A. Biodiversity of epiphytic lichens and heavy metal contents of Flavoparmelia caperata thalli as indicators of temporal variations of air pollution in the town of Montecatini Terme (central Italy). Science of the Total Environment, 2004, 326(1/3): 113-122.

[30] Sezgin N, Qzcan H K, Demir G, Nemlioglu S, Bayat C. Determination of heavy metal concentrations in street dusts in Istanbul E-5 highway. Environment International, 2004, 29(7): 979-985.

[31] Skov H, Christensen J H, Goodsite M E, Heldam N Z, Jensen B, Wahlin P, Geemaert G. Fate of element mercury in the Arctic during atmospheric mercury depletion episodes and load of atmospheric mercury to the Arctic. Environmental Science and Technology, 2004, 38: 2373-2382.

[32] KIoke A S. Changing Metal Cycles and Human Health. Springer- Verlag, 1984: 113-141.

[33] 宋宗加. 城乡交错带沟谷地污染元素迁移通量研究[D]. 长春: 东北师范大学, 2013.

Song Z J. Migration flux of pollution element in gully on urban-rural ecotone[D]. Changchun: Northeast Normal University, 2013. (in Chinese)

[34] 汤洁, 李娜, 李海毅, 卞建民, 李昭阳, 崔玉军. 大庆市大气干湿沉降重金属元素通量及来源. 吉林大学学报: 地球科学版, 2012, 42(2): 507-513.

Tang J, Li N, Li H Y, Bian J M, Li Z Y, Cui Y J. Flux and source appointment of heavy metals from atmospheric dry and wet deposition in Daqing City, China. Journal of Jilin University: Earth Science Edition, 2012, 42(2): 507-513. (in Chinese)