中国农业科学 ›› 2014, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (21): 4224-4233.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.21.008

• 高效、安全、规模化转基因技术:机会与挑战 • 上一篇    下一篇

牛规模化转基因技术体系构建轨迹和展望

孟庆勇,刘春城,王萌,张 阔,戴蕴平,郭英,费菁,李宁   

  1. 中国农业大学农业生物技术国家重点实验室,北京100193
  • 收稿日期:2014-04-02 修回日期:2014-08-25 出版日期:2014-11-01 发布日期:2014-11-01
  • 通讯作者: 孟庆勇,Tel:62734181;Fax:62733904;E-mail:qingyong.meng@gmail.com
  • 作者简介:孟庆勇,Tel:62734181;Fax:62733904;E-mail:qingyong.meng@gmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(2014ZX08010-004)、现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-37)

Establishment and Prospect of Efficient Transgenic System for Cattle

MENG Qing-yong, LIU Chun-cheng, WANG Meng, ZHANG Kuo, DAI Yun-ping, GUO Ying, FEI Jing, LI Ning   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
  • Received:2014-04-02 Revised:2014-08-25 Online:2014-11-01 Published:2014-11-01

摘要: 随着生命科学研究的不断发展和产业应用需求的扩大,转基因技术从探索生命科学基本规律的重要技术手段之一,正在向生命产业应用的相关领域扩展,其中包括大的家养动物转基因技术产业化应用的探索。论文综述了转基因技术在牛育种上的应用与发展,结合转基因牛在国际上的发展历史,着重介绍了中国在牛的转基因技术体系构建方面的历程和成果。通过引进、整合和创新,将现代动物生物技术融合在一起,建立了安全、高效及规模化的牛规模化转基因技术体系,进而实现了在牛的生产和繁育实践中更为广泛的应用。通过转基因技术对牛进行选育是为了增强抗病能力、改善乳品质、提高乳肉的产量、质量以及作为高效的生物活体反应器生产功能蛋白。目前,中国牛的规模化转基因技术体系基本构建完成,更多深入的工作将集中在目的基因表达量调控和导入的基因安全性控制等方面。所以未来的牛转基因育种工作以 “安全、高效、规模化”为主导,围绕组织特异启动子,优化密码子,调整基因修饰,定点插入基因以及去除筛选标记等工作展开。奶牛的抗病高产是其畜牧产业发展的重要方向,同时作为大型哺乳动物,是动物机体生产活性功能蛋白的重要反应器之一。因此,完善和发展牛转基因动物技术,建立完善的牛规模化转基因技术体系是未来的重要发展方向。

关键词: 牛, 转基因技术, 育种, 规模化

Abstract: With the continuous development of life science and the expanding needs of industry application, transgenic technology, a basic technology of life science research, is expanding to life science industry application, which includes big domestic animal transgenic technology industrialization application. GM technology is discussed in this paper about the application and the development in transgenic cattle breeding, combining with the history of transgenic cattle in the world and the bovine transgenic breeding system construction in China. Through introduction, integration and innovation of the modern animal biotechnology, a safe, efficient and large-scale cattle transgenic technology system was established, which should improve the implement in the production of cattle and more extensive application in breeding practice. The purpose of transgenic technology for cattle breeding is improvement of the ability of disease resistance, the milk quality, the milk or meat output and the bioreactor of producing some functional proteins. At present, the scale GM technology system platform of cattle is nearly mature, which level has attained world class performance. More in-depth work will be focused on the regulation of functional gene and security control of import methods. In the future, the bovine transgenic breeding work should be led to “safe, efficient, large-scale”, which includes tissue specific promoters, optimizing codon, adjusting the genetic modification, point knock-in genes, marker free and so on. Disease-resistant and high-yielding dairy breeding is the essential direction of the development of the livestock industry. Some active functional proteins could be produced by cattle gland reactor, so establishment of a perfective efficient transgenic system for cattle is one of the prominent development direction in the future.

Key words: cattle, transgenic system, breeding, large-scale