荷斯坦牛头胎患隐性乳房炎次数和乳中体细胞评分对2胎体细胞评分的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.20.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】奶牛不同胎次间生理状态具有关联性。研究旨在探究荷斯坦牛头胎患隐性乳房炎(subclinical mastitis, SCM)次数和乳中体细胞评分(somatic cell score, SCS)对2胎SCS的影响,为提高牧场奶牛2胎泌乳性能和原料乳品质提供科学依据。【方法】收集江苏13个牛场2015—2020年荷斯坦牛同时具有1—2胎的DHI测定日记录共162 509条,先用Excel 2019对测定日记录进行前期处理和筛选,采用SAS(Ver 9.4)的混合模型探究牛场规模、采样年度、产犊季节、泌乳月、头胎患SCM次数和头胎各泌乳阶段SCS（泌乳期平均、泌乳前期、泌乳中期和泌乳后期）对2胎荷斯坦牛乳中SCS的影响,同时分析了头胎牛患SCM次数和各泌乳阶段SCS与2胎各泌乳月SCS的相关性。【结果】牛场规模、采样年度、产犊季节、泌乳月、头胎患SCM次数和头胎不同泌乳阶段平均SCS均对荷斯坦牛2胎乳中SCS均有极显著影响(P<0.01)。其中,规模在5 000头以上的牛场SCS显著低于其他规模的牛场(P<0.05);2020年荷斯坦牛SCS显著高于其他采样年度(P<0.05);春夏季产犊的奶牛SCS显著高于其他产犊季节(P<0.05),冬季产犊的奶牛SCS显著低于其他产犊季节(P<0.05);第9、10泌乳月乳中SCS显著高于其他泌乳月(P<0.05),第2泌乳月乳中SCS显著低于其他泌乳月(P<0.05)。头胎患SCM为2次及以下的奶牛,2胎各泌乳月SCS呈现先下降后上升的趋势;头胎患3次及以上SCM的奶牛,2胎各泌乳月SCS波动较大。头胎牛泌乳期平均SCS、泌乳前期、泌乳中期、泌乳后期各为0、1、2、3时,2胎各泌乳月呈现先下降后上升的趋势;头胎泌乳期平均SCS大于3时,2胎各泌乳月SCS波动较大。整体来说,随头胎牛患SCM次数及各泌乳期平均SCS的增加,2胎牛各泌乳月SCS也逐渐升高。头胎患SCM次数及各泌乳阶段SCS与2胎各泌乳月SCS均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),头胎泌乳期平均SCS与2胎各泌乳月SCS的相关系数最大（0.238）,头胎泌乳前期SCS与2胎各泌乳月SCS的相关系数最小（0.104）。其中,头胎患SCM次数与2胎第3泌乳月SCS相关系数最大,与第10泌乳月SCS相关系数最小;头胎泌乳期平均SCS与2胎第5泌乳月SCS相关系数最大,与2胎第1泌乳月SCS相关系数最小;头胎泌乳前期平均SCS与2胎第5泌乳月SCS相关系数最大,与2胎第1、10泌乳月SCS相关系数最小;头胎泌乳中期平均SCS与2胎第5泌乳月SCS相关系数最大,与2胎第1泌乳月SCS相关系数最小;头胎泌乳后期平均SCS与2胎第5泌乳月SCS相关系数最大,与2胎第1泌乳月SCS相关系数最小。【结论】头胎患SCM次数和不同泌乳阶段平均SCS对荷斯坦牛2胎乳SCS均有极显著影响,头胎患SCM次数及各泌乳阶段SCS与2胎牛各泌乳月SCS均呈极显著正相关。该结果为今后提高牛场2胎荷斯坦牛原料乳质量提供了参考。

关键词: 隐性乳房炎, 体细胞评分, 荷斯坦牛, 胎次

Abstract:

【Objective】There was correlation between physiological status of different parities of cows. The objective of this research was to explore the effect of the number of subclinical mastitis (SCM) and somatic cell score (SCS) in milk of parity 1 on SCS of Holstein cows for parity 2. 【Method】This study collected 162 509 DHI records of Holstein cows with parity 1 and 2 from 2015 to 2020 in 13 farms in Jiangsu Province. Excel 2019 was used to pre-process and filter DHI records firstly. The mixed model of SAS (Ver 9.4) was used to explore the effects of farm size, sampling year, calving season, lactation month, the number of SCM on parity 1 and each average lactation stage of SCS on parity 1 on SCS of parity 2. At the same, the correlation coefficients between the number of SCM and the SCS for each lactation stage of parity 1 with SCS in each lactation month for parity 2 of Holstein cows were calculated.【Result】The farm size, sampling year, calving season, lactation month, the number of SCM on parity 1 and average SCS on parity 1 in different periods had extremely significant effects on the SCS of parity 2 (P<0.01). Among them, SCS with farm size over 5 000 was lower than other farm size (P<0.05). SCS in 2020 was higher than other sampling year (P<0.05). SCS of cows calving in summer and spring was higher than other calving season (P<0.05), while SCS of cows calving in winter was lower than other calving season (P<0.05). SCS in the 9th and 10th lactation month was higher than other lactation months (P<0.05), while SCS in the second lactation month was lower than other lactation months (P<0.05). The SCS in each lactation month of parity 2 showed downward firstly and then upward trend for the cows with the number of SCM less than 2 for parity 1. The SCS for parity 2 in each lactation month fluctuated greatly for the cow with the number of SCM with 3 or more than in parity 1. When the average lactation of SCS, early lactation of SCS, mid lactation of SCS, and late lactation of SCS for the cows in parity 1 were 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively, the SCS for each lactation month in parity 2 showed downward firstly and then upward trend. When the average lactation of SCS for the cow in parity 1 was more than 3, the SCS in parity 2 in each lactation fluctuated greatly. Overall, the number of SCM and the SCS for each lactation stage of cows in parity 1 increased, and the SCS in each lactation month for parity 2 gradually also increased. There was an extremely significant positive correlation between the number of SCM on parity 1 and SCS on parity 2 in each lactation month (P<0.01). The correlation coefficient of average SCS in the lactation for parity 1 with the SCS in parity 2 lactation month was the maximum (0.238). The correlation coefficient of average SCS in the early lactation for parity 1 and the SCS in parity 2 in each lactation month was the minimum (0.104). Among them, the correlation coefficient of the number of SCM for parity 1 with the SCS for parity 2 in the 3rd lactation month was the maximum. The correlation coefficient of the number of SCM for parity 1 with the SCS for parity 2 in the 10th lactation month was the minimum. The correlation coefficient of average SCS in the lactation for parity 1 with the SCS for parity 2 in the 5th lactation month was the maximum. The correlation coefficient of average SCS in the lactation for parity 1 with the SCS for parity 2 in the 5th lactation month was the minimum. The correlation coefficient of early lactation of SCS for parity 1 with the SCS for parity 2 in the 5th lactation month was the maximum, however, the SCS for parity 2 in the 1st and 10th lactation month was the minimum. The correlation coefficient of mid-lactation of SCS for parity 1 with the SCS for parity 2 in the 5th lactation month was the maximum, while the SCS for parity 2 in the 1st lactation month was the minimum. The correlation coefficient of late lactation of SCS for parity 1 with the SCS for parity 2 in the 5th lactation month was the maximum, while the SCS for parity 2 in the 1st lactation month was the minimum. 【Conclusion】The number of SCM and each average lactation stage of SCS for parity 1 had extremely significant effects on SCS in lactation for the cows of parity 2. There was an extremely significant positive correlation between the numbers of SCM for parity 1 with the SCS for parity 2 in each lactation month. The results provided references for improving quality of raw milk of Holstein cows in parity 2 in the future.

Key words: subclinical mastitis (SCM), somatic cell score (SCS), Holstein cows, parity

夏予馨,梁艳,王海洋,郭梦玲,周部,代旭,杨章平,毛永江. 荷斯坦牛头胎患隐性乳房炎次数和乳中体细胞评分对2胎体细胞评分的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(20): 4052-4064.

XIA YuXin,LIANG Yan,WANG HaiYang,GUO MengLing,ZHOU Bu,DAI Xu,YANG ZhangPing,MAO YongJiang. Effects of the Number of Subclinical Mastitis and Somatic Cell Score in Milk of Parity 1 on Somatic Cell Score of Holstein Cows for Parity 2[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(20): 4052-4064.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.20.015

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2022/V55/I20/4052

图/表 8

表1

不同因素对荷斯坦牛2胎SCS的影响"

因素 Factor	水平 Level	样本量 Sampling number	SCS
牛场规模 Farm size	<1000	3324	2.94±0.03b
	1000-2000	11196	2.88±0.02c
	2001-5000	5477	3.36±0.03a
	>5000	42272	2.24±0.01d
	F值F value	901.016^**
	P值P value	0.000
采样年度 Sampling year	2011	6127	1.68±0.02g
	2012	25010	2.00±0.01ce
	2013	3524	2.13±0.03de
	2014	789	1.90±0.07g
	2015	6384	2.18±0.02ce
	2016	10854	2.00±0.02f
	2017	8200	2.24±0.02d
	2018	38306	2.32±0.01c
	2019	22702	2.67±0.01b
	2020	32283	2.84±0.01a
	F值F value	122.972^**
	P值P value	0.000
产犊季节 Calving season	春 Spring	15318	2.50±0.02a
	夏 Summer	21568	2.69±0.01a
	秋 Autumn	80915	2.31±0.01b
	冬 Winter	36711	2.20±0.01c
	F值F value	126.494^**
	P值P value	0.000
泌乳月 Lactation month	1	14516	2.33±0.02d
	2	18459	1.94±0.01g
	3	18339	2.03±0.01f
	4	17032	2.13±0.01f
	5	15153	2.20±0.01e
	6	14310	2.32±0.01d
	7	13561	2.43±0.01c
	8	12602	2.56±0.02b
	9	12408	2.72±0.01a
	10	9340	2.86±0.02a
	F值F value	139.351^**
	P值P value	0.000
头胎患SCM次数 The number of SCM on parity 1	0	122761	2.26±0.01e
	1	22790	2.59±0.01d
	2	5231	2.97±0.03c
	≥3	1840	3.13±0.05a
	F值F value	6.538^**
	P值P value	0.000
头胎泌乳期平均SCS Average SCS in the lactation for parity 1	0	2271	1.68±0.03f
	1	43190	1.96±0.01f
	2	55872	2.30±0.01e
	3	35725	2.66±0.01d
	4	13138	2.97±0.02cd
	5	3302	3.08±0.04c
	≥6	722	3.84±0.08a
	F值F value	9.273^**
	P值P value	0.000
头胎泌乳前期SCS Early lactation of SCS on parity 1	0	5348	2.06±0.02e
	1	29666	2.13±0.01e
	2	38541	2.31±0.01de
	3	25082	2.52±0.01cd
	4	11897	2.73±0.02bc
	5	4114	2.80±0.03bc
	≥6	1689	2.95±0.05ab
	F值F value	4.310^**
	P值P value	0.000
头胎泌乳中期SCS Mid lactation of SCS on parity 1	0	8154	1.91±0.02d
	1	43524	2.04±0.01cd
	2	45598	2.32±0.01c
	3	27959	2.59±0.01b
	4	12496	2.84±0.02b
	5	4573	2.95±0.03b
	≥6	1320	3.31±0.06a
	F值F value	19.317^**
	P值P value	0.000
头胎泌乳后期SCS Late lactation of SCS on parity 1	0	6400	1.86±0.02e
	1	40613	1.98±0.01e
	2	43751	2.28±0.01d
	3	32715	2.52±0.01d
	4	16765	2.82±0.02c
	5	6379	3.05±0.02bc
	≥6	1943	3.19±0.05a
	F值F value	39.591^**
	P值P value	0.000
头胎患SCM次数×2胎泌乳月 The number of SCM on parity 1×lactation month for parity 2		F值F value	1.100
		P值P value	0.278
头胎泌乳期平均SCS×2胎泌乳月 Average lactation of SCS on parity 1×lact-ation month for parity 2		F值F value	2.343^**
		P值P value	0.000
头胎泌乳前期SCS×2胎泌乳月 Early lactation of SCS on parity 1×lactation month for parity 2		F值F value	0.988
		P值P value	0.512
头胎泌乳中期SCS×2胎泌乳月 Midterm lactation of SCS on parity 1×lact-ation month for parity 2		F值F value	2.516^**
		P值P value	0.000
头胎泌乳后期SCS×2胎泌乳月 Late lactation of SCS on parity 1×lactation month for parity 2		F值F value	7.643^**
		P值P value	0.000

表1

图1

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图6

图7

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