中国农业科学 ›› 2014, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (21): 4198-4210.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.21.006
• 高效、安全、规模化转基因技术:机会与挑战 • 上一篇 下一篇
侯文胜1,林抗雪1,陈普1,贾志伟2,周扬1,于洋1,刘雁华2
收稿日期:
2014-04-01
修回日期:
2014-06-23
出版日期:
2014-11-01
发布日期:
2014-11-01
通讯作者:
侯文胜,Tel:010-82105172;Fax:010-82108784;E-mail:houwensheng@caas.cn
作者简介:
侯文胜,Tel:010-82105172;Fax:010-82108784;E-mail:houwensheng@caas.cn
基金资助:
HOU Wen-sheng1, LIN Kang-xue1, CHEN Pu1, JIA Zhi-wei2, ZHOU Yang1, YU Yang1, LIU Yan-hua2
Received:
2014-04-01
Revised:
2014-06-23
Online:
2014-11-01
Published:
2014-11-01
摘要: 大豆是最早进行转基因品种大面积商业化种植的作物,也是目前转基因品种种植面积最大的作物,在食品、营养、工业和医药领域发挥着重要作用。1996—2012年的17年间,全球共累计种植转基因大豆76 310万公顷,给种植户带来了约370亿美元的收益。2013年,共有11个国家种植了8 450万公顷转基因大豆,约占全球转基因作物种植面积的48%,大豆种植面积的79%。尽管抗除草剂转基因大豆已在全球市场占据了主导地位,但长期以来大豆的转基因技术体系一直未能实现重大突破,高效、稳定的转基因技术体系仍是开展转基因品种选育和基因功能研究的瓶颈因素。根癌农杆菌介导的子叶节转化系统和基因枪介导的体细胞胚转化系统是目前最为常用的大豆转基因技术体系。自1988年采用这两种方法几乎同时获得了首批可育转基因大豆植株以来,大量的研究工作者对其开展了改良和优化研究,实现了转化效率的提升和再生方式向胚性悬浮细胞等的拓展,在大豆农艺性状改良和基因功能研究中发挥了作用。文章综述了大豆转基因技术的主要研究进展和问题,比较了大豆不定芽器官发生再生途径、体细胞胚再生途径和原生质体再生途径的特点;归纳了根癌农杆菌和基因枪介导的大豆转基因体系构建研究的典型案例,总结了其在大豆基因型选用、外植体选材、再生方式、筛选策略等技术参数和转化效率。分析认为:尽管通过多年努力,目前,可用于大豆转化的基因型、外植体类型等均有了很大拓展,转化效率也得到了显著提高,在多个报道中获得了超过10%的转化效率,甚至出现了转化效率高达30%以上的研究报道。但这些转化效率数据多数是在样本量较小的试验中获得的,而且在同一研究报道中,不同转化操作重复间的转化效率差异往往很大;在单因素对比试验中获得的高转化效率,往往在多因素整合试验中并没有得到很好的重演。这说明试验中尚有很多难以控制的未知因素对转化效率产生着影响,不同转化操作技术人员的技术熟练程度、操作习惯等人为因素,不同实验室设施设备条件的差别等环境因素,也都会对转化效率产生很大影响,这就造成了同一转化流程在不同实验室间的重演性不佳、不同操作人员间的转化效率差别较大、同一实验室的转化效率稳定性较差等问题,在很大程度上限制了大豆规模化转基因技术体系的形成。文章还概述了中国大豆转基因技术体系构建和转基因材料创制研究工作的发展历程,总结了近年来中国在农艺性状改良转基因大豆材料创制工作中取得的主要进展,并对基因组编辑技术、定点整合技术等新兴转基因技术在大豆中的应用前景进行了展望。
侯文胜,林抗雪,陈普,贾志伟,周扬,于洋,刘雁华. 大豆规模化转基因技术体系的构建及其应用[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(21): 4198-4210.
HOU Wen-sheng, LIN Kang-xue, CHEN Pu, JIA Zhi-wei, ZHOU Yang, YU Yang, LIU Yan-hua. Establishment and Prospect of Efficient Transformation Systems for Soybean[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(21): 4198-4210.
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