浙江省十大名茶主要重金属元素分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.19.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】调查浙江省十大名茶（含西湖龙井）样品中稀土（以氧化物总量ΣReOs计）、砷（As）、铬（Cr）、镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）的含量，分析浙江十大名茶中的主要重金属含量分布规律，为名茶安全评估和地理溯源研究提供科学数据。【方法】在浙江省名茶主产区的6个地（市）11个县（市、区）采集西湖龙井（West Lake longjing）、惠明茶（Huiming tea）、径山茶（Jingshan tea）、开化龙顶（Kaihua longding）、安吉白茶（Anji white tea）、千岛玉叶（Qiandao yuye）、大佛龙井（Dafo longjing）、越乡龙井（Yuexiang longjing）、武阳春雨（Wuyang chunyu）、绿剑茶（Lujian tea）、松阳银猴（Songyang yinhou）11类名茶共78个样品。采用硝酸-微波消解对ΣReOs、As、Cr、Cd、Pb含量进行测定，并使用主成分分析和聚类分析技术对测定结果进行分析。【结果】各茶类中ΣReOs、As、Cr、Cd和Pb的含量均在相关标准允许范围内，但含量存在差异。其中，ΣReOs平均含量为（0.305—1.049）mg·kg^-1，最高的是越乡龙井，最低的是绿剑茶；As平均含量为（0.053—0.121）mg·kg^-1，最高的是西湖龙井，最低的是松阳银猴；Cr平均含量为（0.553—2.079）mg·kg^-1，最高的是西湖龙井，最低的是开化龙顶；Cd平均含量为（0.033—0.099）mg·kg^-1，最高的是开化龙顶，最低的是大佛龙井；Pb平均含量为（0.510—2.763）mg·kg^-1，最高的是大佛龙井，最低的是开化龙顶。被测元素通过主成分分析可得到4个主成分，方差贡献率为总方差的88.159%；大多数茶类能通过聚类分析找到集群，其中千岛玉叶全部在群集7，而安吉白茶、惠明茶和径山茶则分别分布于4个不同集群。【结论】浙江省主要名茶在种植、采摘、加工和储存等环节质量控制整体较好。不同种类名茶中ΣReOs、As、Cr、Cd和Pb含量存在显著差异。

关键词: 浙江省, 十大名茶, 重金属, 硝酸-微波消解, 地理溯源

Abstract: 【Objective】The rare earth (counted by total amount of oxides ∑ReOs), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) content of top ten teas (West Lake Longjing included) in Zhejiang Province were investigated. The regularities of distribution of major heavy metals in top ten teas were analysed which will provide a scientific basis for safety evaluation and geographic origin in the famous teas. 【Method】A total of 78 samples were collected from 11 counties in 6 prefecture-level cities in Zhejiang province, which belongs to 11 species, i.e. West Lake longjing, Huiming tea, Jingshan tea, Kaihua longding, Anji white tea, Qiandao yuye, Dafo longjing, Yuexiang longjing, Wuyang chunyu, Lujian tea, and Songyang yinhou. The ∑ReOs, As, Cr, Cd and Pb contents were determined with the nitric acid-microwave digestion treatment method, and the results were analyzed by principal component analysis and cluster analysis.【Result】The contents of ∑ReOs, As, Cr, Cd and Pb in top ten teas were all in the allowed range of relevant standards, and significant differences were found in the content among top ten teas. The ∑ReOs content ranged from 0.305 mg·kg^-1 to 1.049 mg·kg^-1, where the highest content was in LJT, YXLJ had the lowest content. The average As content ranged from 0.053 mg·kg^-1 in SYYH to 0.121 mg·kg^-1 in WLLJ. The average Cr content ranged from 0.553 mg·kg^-1 in KHLD to 2.709 mg·kg^-1 in WLLJ. The average Cd content ranged from 0.033 mg·kg^-1 in WYCY to 0.099 mg·kg^-1 in KHLD. The average Pb content ranged from 0.510 mg·kg^-1 in KHLD to 2.763 mg·kg^-1 in DFLJ. Four principal components were obtained from the measured elements by principal component analysis, whose variance contribution rate was 88.159% in the total. Most kinds of teas could find their clusters by cluster analysis, and QDYY were all in cluster 7, while AJWT, HMT and JST were distributed in 4 different clusters.【Conclusion】The quality control is good in the planting, harvesting, processing and storage of top ten teas in Zhejiang province. There were significant differences in ∑ReOs, As, Cr, Cd and Pb among different species of famous teas.

Key words: Zhejiang province, top ten teas, heavy metal, nitric acid-microwave digestion, geographic origin

章剑扬，张颖彬，金寿珍，马桂岑，陈利燕，刘新. 浙江省十大名茶主要重金属元素分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(19): 3914-3921.

ZHANG Jian-yang, ZHANG Ying-bin, JIN Shou-zhen, MA Gui-cen, CHEN Li-yan, LIU Xin. Analysis on the Content of Major Heavy Metals in Top Ten Teas from Zhejiang Province[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(19): 3914-3921.

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