铜胁迫对亚洲玉米螟生长发育与生殖的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.03.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究铜（Cu2+）胁迫条件下亚洲玉米螟（Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée）亲代及其子代的生长发育与生殖，为亚洲玉米螟的种群动态预测与防治提供依据。【方法】以亚洲玉米螟幼虫为材料，在标准人工饲料中添加不同浓度（25、50、100、200和500 mg•kg-1）的重金属Cu2+，在实验室条件下连续饲养亚洲玉米螟幼虫3代，系统观察重金属Cu2+胁迫对亚洲玉米螟亲代及其子代生长发育与生殖的影响。【结果】亚洲玉米螟的幼虫存活率、化蛹率和成虫羽化率与Cu2＋胁迫浓度呈显著负相关，引起亲代、子一代和子二代幼虫存活率和成虫羽化率显著下降的最低Cu2+胁迫浓度分别为100、50、50 mg•kg-1，引起各代化蛹率显著下降的最低Cu2+胁迫浓度分别为200、50、50 mg•kg-1，其中Cu2+浓度200 mg•kg-1及其以上浓度处理的子一代和子二代幼虫死亡率高达20%以上，Cu2+浓度500 mg•kg-1处理的各代幼虫化蛹率均低于80%，Cu2+浓度200 mg•kg-1处理的子二代成虫羽化率低于50%。亚洲玉米螟的幼虫体重和蛹重与Cu2＋胁迫浓度呈极显著负相关，引起各代幼虫体重显著下降的最低Cu2+胁迫浓度均为50 mg•kg-1，引起亲代、子一代和子二代蛹重显著下降的最低Cu2+胁迫浓度分别为500、50、50 mg•kg-1，其中Cu2+浓度50 mg•kg-1及其以上浓度处理的各代3龄、5龄幼虫的体重显著低于空白对照；Cu2+浓度500 mg•kg-1处理的亲代蛹重显著低于对照，其他Cu2+浓度处理的蛹重与对照无显著差异；Cu2+浓度50 mg•kg-1及其以上浓度处理的子一代和子二代蛹重显著低于对照，Cu2＋浓度25 mg•kg-1处理的蛹重与对照无显著差异。亚洲玉米螟各代幼虫历期和蛹历期与Cu2+胁迫浓度呈显著正相关，其中Cu2+浓度50 mg•kg-1及其以上浓度处理的各代幼虫历期显著高于对照，Cu2+浓度200 mg•kg-1及其以上浓度处理的亲代蛹历期、Cu2+浓度100 mg•kg-1及其以上浓度处理的子一代蛹历期和Cu2+浓度50 mg•kg-1及其以上浓度处理的子二代蛹历期均显著高于对照。亚洲玉米螟各代成虫单雌日产卵量和生殖力与Cu2+胁迫浓度呈极显著负相关，其中Cu2+浓度50 mg•kg-1及其以上浓度处理的各代成虫单雌日产卵量均显著低于对照，Cu2+胁迫所有处理的各代成虫生殖力均显著低于对照。Cu2+胁迫对亚洲玉米螟连续3代卵质量无显著影响，但卵孵化率与Cu2+胁迫浓度呈极显著负相关，其中取食Cu2+浓度100 mg•kg-1处理的子二代卵孵化率仅有66.88%。【结论】重金属Cu2＋连续胁迫对亚洲玉米螟亲代及其子代的生长发育和生殖具有显著的抑制作用，其抑制效应与Cu2＋胁迫的浓度呈正相关。

关键词: 重金属 , 铜 , 亚洲玉米螟 , 生长发育 , 生殖

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study is to assess the effects of copper (Cu2+) stress on the growth and reproduction of Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée in the parental generation and its filial generation, and to provide a basis for the forecast of population dynamics of O. furnacalis and its control. 【Method】O. furnacalis larvae in three generations were continuously fed with standard artificial diet containing different concentrations of Cu2+ (25, 50, 100, 200 and 500 mg•kg-1) in the laboratory and the effects of copper (Cu2+) stress on the growth and reproduction of O. furnacalis were investigated.【Result】The larval survival rate, pupation rate and eclosion rate of O. furnacalis were significantly negatively correlated to the concentration of Cu2+ stress. The minimum concentrations of Cu2+ at 100, 50 and 50 mg•kg-1 were significantly decreased the survival rate and eclosion rate in the parental generation, the first and second filial generation, respectively, and 200, 50 and 50 mg•kg-1 were significantly decreased the pupation rate in each generation, respectively, which the larval mortality rates of the treatments at the concentrations of Cu2+ 200 mg•kg-1 and higher than 200 mg•kg-1 in the first and second filial generation were higher than 20%, the pupation rates of the treatment at the concentration of Cu2+ 500 mg•kg-1 in each generation were lower than 80%, the eclosion rate of the treatment was lower than 50% at the concentration of Cu2+ 200 mg•kg-1 in the second filial generation. The larval and pupal body mass of O. furnacalis were significantly negatively correlated to the concentration of Cu2+ stress. The minimum concentration of Cu2+ at 50 mg•kg-1 was significantly decreased the larval body mass in each generation, and 500, 50 and 50 mg•kg-1 were significantly decreased the pupal body mass in the parental generation, the first and second filial generation, respectively, which the body mass of the third and fifth instar larvae of the treatments at concentrations of Cu2+ 50 mg•kg-1 and higher than 50 mg•kg-1 in each generation was significantly lower than that of non-Cu2+ controls. The pupal body mass of the treatment at the concentration of Cu2+ 500 mg•kg-1 in the parental generation was significantly lower than that of non-Cu2+ controls, and the pupal body mass of the treatments at the other concentrations of Cu2+ stress was not significantly different compared with non-Cu2+ controls. The pupal body mass of the treatments at concentrations of Cu2+ 50 mg•kg-1 and higher than 50 mg•kg-1 in the first and second filial generation was significantly lower than that of non-Cu2+ controls, while the pupal body mass of the treatment at concentration of Cu2+ 25 mg•kg-1 was not significantly different compared with non-Cu2+ controls. The durations of larval and pupal stage of O. furnacalis in each generation were significantly positively correlated to the concentration of Cu2+ stress, which the durations of larval stage of the treatments at the concentrations of Cu2+ 50 mg•kg-1 and higher than 50 mg•kg-1 were higher than that of non-Cu2+ controls. The durations of pupal stage of treatments at concentrations of Cu2+ 200 mg•kg-1 and higher than 200 mg•kg-1 in the parental generation, at the concentrations of Cu2+ 100 mg•kg-1 and higher than 100 mg•kg-1 in the first filial generation, and at concentrations of Cu2+ 50 mg•kg-1 and higher than 50 mg•kg-1 in the second filial generation were significantly higher than that of non-Cu2+ controls. The oviposition number per female daily and fecundity of adult female in each generation were significantly negatively correlated to the concentration of Cu2+ stress, which the oviposition number per female daily of the treatments at the concentrations of Cu2+ 50 mg•kg-1 and higher than 50 mg•kg-1 in each generation was significantly lower that of non-Cu2+ controls, and the fecundity of adult female of all treatments under Cu2+ stress in each generation was significantly lower then that of non-Cu2+ controls. The effects of Cu2+ stress on average mass per one thousand eggs in each generation was not significantly different compared with non-Cu2+ controls, while its hatching rate of eggs was significantly negatively correlated to the concentration of Cu2+ stress, which hatching rate of eggs of the treatment at concentration of Cu2+ 100 mg•kg-1 in the first filial generation was only 66.88%. 【Conclusion】Continuous Cu2+ stress had significant inhibition effects on the growth and reproduction of O. furnacalis in the parental generation and its filial generations, and its inhibition effects were positively correlated with the concentrations of Cu2+ stress.

Key words: heavy metal , copper , Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée , growth , reproduction

王玉宏, 李保同, 汤丽梅. 铜胁迫对亚洲玉米螟生长发育与生殖的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(3): 473-481.

WANG Yu-Hong, LI Bao-Tong, TANG Li-Mei. Effects of Copper Stress on the Growth and Reproduction of Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(3): 473-481.

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