中国农业科学 ›› 2011, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (18): 3778-3789.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.18.009

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

北京农田土壤重金属年际变化及其特征分析

陆安祥, 孙江, 王纪华, 董文光, 韩平, 张国光, 王开义, 潘立刚   

  1. 1. 北京农产品质量检测与农田环境监测技术研究中心
    2. 北京市农业环境监测站
    3. 国家农业信息化工程技术研究中心
  • 收稿日期:2010-08-20 修回日期:2011-03-17 出版日期:2011-09-15 发布日期:2011-03-17
  • 通讯作者: 通信作者王纪华,Tel:010-51503488;E-mail:wangjh@nercita.org.cn
  • 作者简介:陆安祥,Tel:010-51503057;Fax:010-51503406;E-mail:luax@nercita.org.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家科技支撑计划(2009BADB6B02),农业部行业科研专项(201003008-07)和北京市科技计划(Z09090501040901)

Annual Variability and Characteristics Analysis of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soil of Beijing

LU  An-Xiang, SUN  Jiang, WANG  Ji-Hua, DONG  Wen-Guang, HAN  Ping, ZHANG  Guo-Guang, WANG  Kai-Yi, PAN  Li-Gang   

  1. 1. 北京农产品质量检测与农田环境监测技术研究中心
    2. 北京市农业环境监测站
    3. 国家农业信息化工程技术研究中心
  • Received:2010-08-20 Revised:2011-03-17 Online:2011-09-15 Published:2011-03-17

摘要: 【目的】揭示土壤中重金属的变化趋势,为土壤环境监控提供参考。【方法】通过对2005—2009年北京农田土壤重金属含量的持续监测,分析了该地区农田土壤中As、Hg、Cu、Cd、Cr和Pb等重金属的统计特征和年度变化趋势,并结合采样点的土壤类型、地理位置和土地利用类型等信息,研究了农田土壤中重金属的来源。【结果】2005年至2009年间,As、Hg、Cu、Cd、Cr和Pb等重金属中, Hg和Cr的含量有逐年上升的趋势,Hg的含量逐年为 0.053、0.065、0.077、0.090和0.116 mg•kg -1,Cr含量为50.0、53.3、55.8、56.1和61.8 mg•kg-1。其它重金属含量呈上下波动,无上升或下降的变化趋势。进一步将土壤中的重金属含量与背景值相比,土壤中重金属的累积水平Cr>Hg>Cd>Cu>As>Pb。不同类别土壤中重金属含量存在显著性差异,As在潮土和褐土中,Hg和Pb在近郊和远郊农田土壤中的含量有显著差异,不同农业土地利用类型土壤中未发现重金属的含量差异。【结论】北京农田土壤中As来源于成土母质,Hg和Pb来源于城市污染的大气扩散,Cu 、Cr和Cd来源于农业活动中肥料的过量使用。

关键词:

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study was to explore the annual variability of soil heavy metals and its influencing factors with the aim to provide a basic scientific foundation for soil environmental quality assessment and management. 【Method】The annual variability and statistical characteristics of heavy metals As, Hg, Cu, Cd, Cr, and Pb in Beijing agricultural soils were presented, on the basis of continuous yearly monitoring from 2005 to 2009. Combined with the information of soil type, sampling location, and agricultural land use type, the possible sources of heavy metals in the soils were discussed. 【Result】The results showed a growth trend of Hg and Cr concentrations in Beijing agricultural soils from 2005 to 2009, and the concentrations of Hg were 0.053, 0.065, 0.077, 0.090 and 0.116 mg•kg -1, and that of Cr were 50.0, 53.3, 55.8, 56.1 and 61.8 mg•kg -1, respectively. There was no significant trend for other metals. Furthermore, compared with backgroand values of the heavy metals in Beijing soil, Cr accumulated in the soils the most, followed by Hg, Cd, Cu, As and then Pb. Statistical analyses using T-test showed the significant differences in As concentration between fluvo-aquic soil and cinnamon soil, and also in Hg and Pb concentrations between the suburban and the outer suburban farmlands. However, there was no significant difference in the metal concentrations in the soils among different agricultural land uses. 【Conclusion】 It was concluded that As mainly originated from soil parent materials, Hg and Pb largely came from atmospheric deposition, and Cu, Cd and Cr were mainly associated with agricultural fertilization.

Key words: Beijing, agriculturalsoil, heavymetal, annualvariability, sourceassessment