中国农业科学

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 •    下一篇

不同杂种优势群玉米籽粒灌浆速率分析

张冬梅,刘洋,赵永锋,祝丽英,黄亚群,郭晋杰,陈景堂   

  1. 河北农业大学农学院/国家玉米改良中心河北分中心/河北省作物种质资源实验室,河北保定 071001
  • 收稿日期:2014-03-10 出版日期:2014-09-01 发布日期:2014-05-15
  • 通讯作者: 郭晋杰,Tel:0312-7528129;E-mail:guojinjie512@163.com;陈景堂,Tel:0312-7528108;E-mail:chenjingtang@126.com
  • 作者简介:张冬梅,Tel:0312-7520152;E-mail:zhangdongmei1204@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家“863”计划重点课题(2011AA10A103-3)、河北省现代农业技术体系玉米创新团队项目、高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20131302120001)

Analysis of Maize Grain Filling Rate in Different Heterotic Groups

ZHANG Dong-mei, LIU Yang, ZHAO Yong-feng, ZHU Li-ying, HUANG Ya-qun, GUO Jin-jie, CHEN Jing-tang   

  1. Department of Agronomy, Agricultural University of Hebei/Hebei Sub-center of National Maize Improvement Center/Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Baoding 071001, Hebei
  • Received:2014-03-10 Online:2014-09-01 Published:2014-05-15

摘要: 【目的】研究不同杂种优势群玉米自交系籽粒灌浆速率的特性,筛选灌浆速率快的自交系,为高产玉米杂交种的选育提供借鉴。【方法】采用烘干法测定173份玉米自交系在授粉后10、20、30和40 d籽粒灌浆速率以及6个相关性状。应用SAS软件对灌浆速率在年际、自交系、取样时间、重复、年际×自交系、自交系×取样时间、年际×自交系×取样时间进行联合方差分析。应用SPSS软件对灌浆速率及其相关性状如10、20、30和40 d苞叶的含水率、苞叶数、40 d穗轴含水率、穗轴长、穗轴粗及40 d籽粒含水率进行相关分析。利用均匀覆盖玉米全基因组的210对SSR标记对试验材料进行全基因组扫描,通过Structure V2.3.4软件分析其群体结构。对不同杂种优势群平均籽粒灌浆速率进行方差分析,并筛选出各个群中籽粒灌浆速率快的自交系。【结果】表型分析结果表明,在P=0.01水平上,籽粒灌浆速率在不同年际、自交系、取样时间、自交系×取样时间、年际×自交系×取样时间上存在极显著差异,而重复、年际×自交系间差异不显著。通过对不同自交系籽粒灌浆速率与其相关性状间相关分析,发现10 d籽粒的灌浆速率与20 d的灌浆速率在0.01水平上达到了极显著的正相关(0.515),与40 d的灌浆速率和籽粒的含水率在0.01水平上达到了极显著的负相关(-0.198,-0.228);20 d的籽粒灌浆速率只与40 d籽粒含水率在0.05水平上达到了显著的负相关;在授粉后30和40 d,籽粒的灌浆速率与40 d穗轴的含水率、穗轴粗以及40 d籽粒的含水率、30和40 d苞叶含水率在0.01水平上达到了极显著正相关,30 d籽粒的灌浆速率与10 d苞叶含水率达到了显著正相关;40 d籽粒的灌浆速率与20 d苞叶的含水率达到了显著地正相关。群体结构分析表明,参试自交系分成P、旅大红骨、瑞德、兰卡斯特和塘四平头5个杂种优势群。兰卡斯特和塘四平头群在0.05水平上没有显著差异;瑞德、P群和旅大红骨群间同样不存在显著差异(P=0.05);而兰卡斯特、塘四平头群与瑞德、P群、旅大红骨群间则存在显著差异。对各群内自交系间进行多重比较,各群内自交系间灌浆速率在0.05水平上差异均不显著。试验共筛选到33个灌浆速率高于0.8 g•100 grain-1•d-1的自交系,其中瑞德群有13个,P群、旅大红骨、兰卡斯特、塘四平头群分别有9、6、3、2个自交系。【结论】不同玉米自交系籽粒灌浆速率存在较大差异,杂种优势群间的灌浆速率变化节奏不同,P群、旅大红骨、瑞德的表现快-快-慢的节奏,兰卡斯特、塘四平头的表现快-慢-慢的节奏。

关键词: 玉米 , 自交系 , 杂种优势群 , 灌浆速率

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this experiment was to study the characteristics of grain filling rate of different heterotic groups and to select the excellent inbred lines with fast grain filling rate, providing the reference for the selection of high yield maize hybrids.【Method】A total of 173 maize inbred lines were used as experimental materials. The drying method was used to determine grain filling rate of 10, 20, 30, and 40 days after pollination and 6 related correlation characters. The combined analysis of variance for year, lines, sample time, repetition, year×lines, lines×sample time, year×lines×sample time were carried out by SAS software; and the SPSS software was used to perform the correlation analysis on the grain filling rate and its related traits such as the husk moisture content 10, 20, 30, and 40 days after pollination, the number of husks, the cob moisture content 40 days after pollination, the cob length, the cob diameter and the grain moisture content 40 days after pollination. A genome-wide scan was performed on the material by using 210 pairs of SSR markers evenly covering maize genome, and the population structure of these materials was revealed by Structure V2.3.4. Variance analysis of the average grain filling rate for different heterotic groups was also carried out to screen the lines with fast grain filling rate and know which group they belong to. 【Result】 Phenotypic analysis showed that the grain filling rate was very significantly different among different years, inbred lines, sampling times, lines×sampling time and lines×sampling time but repetition and year×lines at 0.01 levels. The correlation analysis showed that the grain filling rate on 10 and 20 days reached a extremely significantly positive correlation at 0.01 levels (0.515); and the 10 days grain filling rate with the 40 days grain filling rate and grain water content achieved significant negative correlation at 0.01 levels (-0.198, -0.228); at 0.05 levels, the 20 days grain filling with the 40 days grain moisture had notable negative correlation; the grain filling rate on 30 and 40 days with the 40 days cob moisture content, cob diameter, the 40 days grain water content, 30 and 40 days husk moisture content had extremely significant correlation at 0.01 levels; the correlation was found between 30 days and 10 days husk water content was significant; and the 40 days grain filling rate had very significant positive correlation with the 20 days husk water content. The population structure analysis showed that these maize inbred lines could be divided into 5 heterotic groups which are P, LRC, Reid, Lancaster and TangSPT groups. The variance analysis among the 5 heterotic groups showed that Lancaster and TangSPT had no significant difference at 0.05 level, the similar situation also emerged among the Reid, P and LRC groups, but Lancaster, TangSPT and Reid, P, LRC groups had significant difference. For multiple comparisons within each group between inbred lines, each group in inbred lines of grain filling rate at 0.05 levels had no significant difference. Thirty-three inbred lines with the filling rate higher than 0.8 g•100 grain-1•d-1 were screened in this study, and there are 13 lines in the Reid group, P, LRC, Lancaster, and TangSPT occupy 9, 6, 3, and 2 inbred lines, respectively. 【Conclusion】The grain filling rate showed significant differences among maize inbred lines, and it has different rhythm among the heterotic groups, P, LRC and Reid groups showed quick-quick-slow changing mode, while Lancaster and TangSPT groups showed quick-slow-slow changing rhythm.

Key words: maize , inbred lines , heterotic groups , grain filling rate