恒温和波动温度下西花蓟马的实验种群生命表

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.01.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】对西花蓟马（Frankliniella occidentalis）实验种群生命表的研究大多在恒温条件下进行，研究结果可用于田间自然条件下种群发生的预测。然而，西花蓟马在自然界中接触的不是恒温，而是昼夜波动的温度。论文旨在比较恒温和昼夜波动温度下西花蓟马实验种群的生命表参数，探讨用恒温构建的西花蓟马生命表结果来预测自然条件下蓟马种群发生动态的准确性。【方法】分别在恒温（26℃）和均温相同的昼夜波动温度（20—32℃）条件下，构建西花蓟马实验种群在菜豆豆荚上的年龄-阶段特异生命表，比较2种温度条件下西花蓟马的生活史和种群参数。因为卵的孵化率随着成虫年龄变化，所以根据孵化卵的数量来计算年龄-特异繁殖率，以准确揭示西花蓟马的生物学特性。用bootstrap方法来计算种群生长参数的平均数和标准误；用U检验（Mann-Whitney test）（Sigmaplot 12.0）估计恒温和波动温度下西花蓟马种群参数、发育历期和繁殖力间的差异。【结果】恒温和波动温度对西花蓟马的成虫前期发育历期、总产卵前期、成虫前期存活率以及生命表参数等有明显影响（P<0.05），而对成虫寿命和繁殖力等影响不显著。西花蓟马成虫前期发育历期在恒温（11.86 d）下显著长于在波动温度（11.36 d）下。总产卵前期在恒温与波动温度下分别为12.50和11.37 d，达到显著差异水平。成虫前期在恒温下存活率（0.48）显著高于波动温度下存活率（0.44）。西花蓟马成虫寿命在恒温（雌虫13.56 d，雄虫10.15 d）和波动温度（雌虫11.37 d，雄虫9.71 d）下无显著差异。西花蓟马繁殖力在恒温（35.38卵/雌）和波动温度（34.74卵/雌）下无显著差异。内禀增长率（r）、周限增长率（λ）和净增殖率（R0）在恒温下分别为0.121/d、1.129/d和7.538，在波动温度下分别为0.127/d、1.135/d和8.831。西花蓟马在波动温度下的种群增长要比在恒温下快。【结论】与自然的昼夜波动温度条件相比，恒温可能过高或过低的估计了许多生命表参数，从而影响种群动态监测结果及其在害虫综合治理中的应用。

关键词: 西花蓟马 , 实验种群 , 生命表 , 波动温度

Abstract: 【Objective】The effects of constant temperatures on the life table parameters of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) were well established, and the results were used as a means of projecting the growth of populations under natural condition. F. occidentalis in the wild, however, are not exposed to constant temperatures as they are faced with temperature variation on a daily basis. In this study, life tables of F. occidentalis under constant temperature (CT) and daily fluctuating temperatures (DFT) were compared, and the accuracy of population occurrence dynamics in natural condition based on data from CT were explored. 【Method】Developmental, survival, and fecundity rate data were analyzed using the age-stage, two-sex life table of F. occidentalis reared on bean pod were constructed under constant temperature (CT, 26℃) or daily fluctuating temperatures with same mean (DFT, 20-32℃). As the hatch rate of eggs varies with maternal age, the age-specific fecundity was calculated based on the numbers of hatched eggs to reveal the biological characteristics of F. occidentalis accurately. Means and standard errors of population growth parameters were calculated using the bootstrap method. The Mann-Whitney test (U test) was used to evaluate the differences in the population parameters, development times, and fecundities of F. occidentalis reared under CT and DFT.【Result】There were significant differences in pre-adult developmental time, total preoviposition period, pre-adult survival and life table parameters between F. occidentalis reared under CT and DFT (P＜0.05). However, no significant difference was found in adult longevity and fecundity between F. occidentalis reared under CT and DFT. The pre-adult developmental duration of F. occidentalis reared under CT (11.86 d) was significantly longer than those under DFT (11.36 d). The total preoviposition period of F. occidentalis reared under CT (12.50 d) was significantly longer than those under DFT (11.37 d). The pre-adult survival of F. occidentalis reared under CT (0.48) was significantly higher than those under DFT (0.44). The numbers of eggs laid per female were 35.38 and 34.74 for F. occidentalis reared under CT and DFT, respectively. The intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate (λ) and net reproductive rate (R0) of F. occidentalis reared under CT were 0.121 d-1, 1.129 d-1 and 7.538, respectively, while those reared under DFT were 0.127 d-1, 1.135 d-1 and 8.831, respectively. The population growth of F. occidentalis reared under DFT was quicker than those reared under CT. 【Conclusion】The results indicated that by using CT, one could under- or over-estimate the values of numerous life-history traits compared to more natural DFT conditions. This inaccuracy may in turn reduce the accuracy of population surveillance and downstream applications for the timing of integrated pest management.

Key words: Frankliniella occidentalis, experimental population, life table, fluctuating temperature

王海鸿1, 薛瑶2, 雷仲仁1. 恒温和波动温度下西花蓟马的实验种群生命表[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(1): 61-68.

WANG Hai-Hong-1, XUE Yao-2, LEI Zhong-Ren-1. Life Tables for Experimental Populations of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Under Constant and Fluctuating Temperature[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(1): 61-68.

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