极端高温对西花蓟马存活、繁殖特性及体内海藻糖、山梨醇含量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.12.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】西花蓟马（Frankliniella occidentalis）是中国的重要外来入侵和检疫性害虫, 对各地的蔬菜和花卉造成了巨大的经济损失。明确极端高温（45℃）对西花蓟马存活率、繁殖力以及体内海藻糖、山梨醇含量的影响，为西花蓟马的防治提供理论依据。【方法】设置45℃条件下高温热激西花蓟马当代成虫、2龄若虫2 h，经过24 h变温模式22℃（4 h）-25℃（8 h）-28℃（4 h）-25℃（8 h）培养后再进行一次45℃ 2 h的热激处理。研究热激处理后其亲代、F₁代和F₂代的种群参数（亲代各虫态存活率、雌成虫寿命，F₁和F₂代种群数量、存活率、性比）以及2龄若虫和成虫体内海藻糖和山梨醇含量的变化。【结果】45℃ 2 h高温热激两次后，西花蓟马各个虫态的存活率均小于50%，且预蛹和蛹的存活率为0，成虫的存活率最高为41.38%，显著高于其他虫态（1龄若虫存活率为5%，2龄若虫存活率为21.36%）（P＜0.05）；西花蓟马2龄若虫和成虫在45℃高温条件下热激2 h两次后，其亲代雌成虫寿命和繁殖力均明显降低，且F₁代也受到较大影响, F₁代种群数量、存活率、性比（♀﹕♂）显著降低，但F₂代种群有所恢复，另外热激处理西花蓟马成虫的雌成虫寿命及繁殖力在亲代、F₁代中都明显高于热激处理2龄若虫（P＜0.05）；西花蓟马亲代成虫和2龄若虫在45℃热激2 h两次后其体内的海藻糖含量明显降低，并且影响到F₁和F₂代种群体内的海藻糖含量，另外热激处理亲代成虫其体内海藻糖含量低于热激处理亲代2龄若虫的海藻糖含量, 且F₁和F₂代与亲代趋势相同（P＜0.05）；西花蓟马亲代成虫和2龄若虫在45℃热激2 h两次后其体内的山梨醇含量明显升高，热激亲代成虫的山梨醇含量高于热激2龄若虫体内的山梨醇含量，且这种热激处理能够影响到后代种群体内山梨醇的含量，F₁和F₂代体内山梨醇含量的变化趋势与亲代相同（P＜0.05）。【结论】45℃极端高温处理不仅对西花蓟马亲代的生长发育、繁殖和生理生化产生了明显的影响，而且这种影响延续到了子代（F₁、F₂代）的不同发育阶段。同时，西花蓟马对极端高温的应对与其体内的海藻糖、山梨醇的含量具有一定的相关性。

关键词: 极端高温, 西花蓟马, 繁殖力, 海藻糖, 山梨醇

Abstract: 【Objective】The western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) is an important invasive and quarantine pest in China which created massive economic losses in vegetables and flowers. The objective of this study is to explore the influence of extreme high temperature (EHT) on survival rate, fecundity and content of trehalose and sorbital of F. occidentalis, and to provide a basis for the control of F. occidentalis. 【Method】After 2nd nymphs and adults exposed to 45℃ for 2 h twice (24 h interval under variable temperatures 22℃ (4 h)-25℃ (8 h)-28℃ (4 h)-25℃ (8 h) between two heat treatments), the survival rate, female adult longevity, offspring population dynamics, sex ratio and content of trehalose and sorbital were detected and analyzed. 【Result】In comparison with the control, the survival rate of each stage was less than 50% (0 for 3rd and 4th nymph, 41.38% for female adults, 5% for 1st nymphs and 21.36% for 2nd nymphs), parental and offspring female adult longevity and fecundity significantly reduced (P＜0.05), the content of trehalose in 2nd nymphs and adults significantly declined (P＜0.05), and the content of sorbital in 2nd nymphs and female adults significantly increased after heat-shocked on parental 2nd nymphs and female adults (P＜0.05). Meanwhile, higher female adult longevity and fecundity, lower content of trehalose, higher content of sorbital in F. occidentalis sufferred from twice 45℃ for 2 h heat shock on parental adults was expressed more than those in F. occidentalis sufferred from heat-shock on parental 2nd nymphs. Interestingly, the influence of twice 45℃ for 2 h heat shock not only occurred on parental generation but subsequent generations (F₁and F₂ generations), and the trend of F₁ and F₂ generations was the same as the parental generation.【Conclusion】Twice 45℃ for 2 h exposes on parental F. occidentalis significantly affected the development, reproduction and physiology of present and offspring generations. The changes of trehalose and sorbital content had a correlation with the population dynamics of F. occidentalis.

Key words: extreme high temperature;Frankliniella occidentalis, fecundity, trehalose, sorbitol

姜姗，李帅，张彬，李洪刚，万方浩，郑长英. 极端高温对西花蓟马存活、繁殖特性及体内海藻糖、山梨醇含量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(12): 2310-2321.

JIANG Shan, LI Shuai, ZHANG Bin, LI Hong-gang, WAN Fang-hao, ZHENG Chang-ying. Effects of Extreme High Temperature on Survival Rate, Reproduction, Trehalose and Sorbitol of Frankliniella occidentalis[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(12): 2310-2321.

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