越橘果实糖酸含量和不同发育阶段的变化及其与叶片中可溶性糖含量的相关关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.19.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】了解高丛、半高丛和矮丛越橘品种果实糖酸含量及不同发育阶段的变化特点，探讨果实糖积累与叶片中可溶性糖含量的相关关系，为越橘糖酸代谢机理和品质调控提供参考资料。【方法】应用高效液相色谱（HPLC）技术对5个越橘品种（高丛越橘：‘斯巴坦’、‘泽西’，半高丛越橘：‘北村’、‘北蓝’，矮丛越橘：‘美登’）不同发育阶段果实的糖酸组分和叶片中糖组分进行测定。【结果】供试的5个越橘品种成熟果实总糖平均含量为102.04 mg•g-1 FW，其中‘斯巴坦’含量最高，‘北村’最低。葡萄糖和果糖占总糖含量的97.90%—99.47%，二者含量比值1﹕1，均随果实发育呈迅速增加趋势，蔗糖和山梨醇在果实发育早期含量很低并随果实发育降低，在成熟果实中含量极微。供试高丛和半高丛越橘成熟果实总酸平均含量为7.10 mg•g-1 FW，柠檬酸是主要有机酸，占总酸含量的76.94%，随果实发育先上升后下降，奎宁酸和苹果酸在幼果期占较大比重，随果实成熟含量下降。供试矮丛越橘品种‘美登’和半高丛越橘品种‘北村’酸组成及变化趋势相似，即奎宁酸是成熟果实的主要酸，含量明显高于其它品种，且随果实发育持续下降，其次是柠檬酸和酒石酸。叶片中山梨醇占叶片总糖含量的67.28%，花后42 d（成熟前15 d）达到最高值，之后迅速降低。【结论】矮丛越橘品种‘美登’和半高丛越橘品种‘北村’有机酸构成特点区别于供试的高丛品种和半高丛品种‘北蓝’；山梨醇是越橘碳水化合物积累的主要形式；越橘成熟前15 d是果实膨大、糖分积累的关键时期。

关键词: 越橘 , 果实 , 叶片 , 糖 , 酸 , 果实发育

Abstract: 【Objective】An experiment was conducted to study the characters of sugar and acid content and analyze the relationships of sugar content in fruits and leaves during fruit development, thus providing a theoretical basis for metabolic mechanism of sugar and acid and quality regulation, in blueberry.【Method】Five cultivars of three taxonomic types , including high bush blueberry, e.g. ‘Spartan’ and ‘Jersey’, half-high bush blueberry, e.g. ‘North country’ and ‘North blue’ and low bush blueberry, e.g. ‘Blomidon’ were used to investigate the seasonal variation of sugar and acid content in fruits and leaves at different fruit development stages by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 【Result】The results indicated that the average content of total sugar was 102.04 mg•g-1 FW, the highest and lowest of total sugar content existed in ‘Spartan’ and ‘North country’, respectively. Glucose and fructose content increased during fruit maturation and the contents of them accounted for 97.90%-99.47% of total sugar content in mature fruit, the ratio of them was 1:1, whereas the sucrose and sorbitol contents decreased constantly from a low level during fruit maturation into traces of them in matured fruit. The average content of total acid was 7.10 mg•g-1 FW, in tested high bush blueberry and half-high bush, citric acid was the major organic acid, accounted for 76.94% of total acid in mature fruit which increased at early stage, and decreased quickly till fruit maturity, quinic acid and malic acid contents decreased gradually. There was a similar change trend and component in both low bush cultivars ‘Blomidon’ and half-high bush cultivar ‘North country’, with quinic acid being the main acid and it presented a decline tendency during the fruit development stage, the content was higher than other cultivars in matured fruit, citric acid and tartaric were the minor components; Sorbitol accounted for 67.28% of total sugar in leaves, and the content reached top at 42 d after full bloom (around 15 d before harvest) , then decreased quickly.【Conclusion】The component characters of organic acid in ‘Blomidon’ and ‘North country’ were obviously distinguished from high bush and half-high bush blueberry. Sorbitol was the main soluble sugars in leaves. The stage of around 15 days before harvest was the critical period of fruit expansion growth and sugar accumulation.

Key words: blueberry , fruit , leaf , sugar , acid , fruit development

刘有春12, 陶承光3, 魏永祥2, 刘成2, 王兴东2, 刘威生2, 杨艳敏2. 越橘果实糖酸含量和不同发育阶段的变化及其与叶片中可溶性糖含量的相关关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(19): 4110-4118.

LIU You-Chun-12, TAO Cheng-Guang-3, WEI Yong-Xiang-2, LIU Cheng-2, WANG Xing-Dong-2, LIU Wei-Sheng-2, YANG Yan-Min-2. Fruit Sugar and Acid Content, Variation at Different Fruit Development Stages and Their Relationship with Leaf Soluble Sugar Content of Blueberry[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(19): 4110-4118.

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