中国农业科学 ›› 2013, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (14): 2932-2941.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.14.009

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

冬小麦/夏玉米轮作系统不同施氮量的长期环境效应及区域氮调控模拟

 王立刚, 李虎, 杨黎, 翟振, 邱建军   

  1. 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081
  • 收稿日期:2012-11-02 出版日期:2013-07-15 发布日期:2013-05-02
  • 通讯作者: 通信作者邱建军,E-mail:qiujiangjun@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:王立刚,Tel:010-82109757;E-mail:wangligang@caas.cn
  • 基金资助:

    公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103039、201303103)、国家自然科学基金项目(31270486)、中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项资金(2013-30)

Simulation of Long-Term and Regional Environmental Effects of Different N Applications in the Winter Wheat/Summer Maize System

 WANG  Li-Gang, LI  Hu, YANG  Li, DI  Zhen, QIU  Jian-Jun   

  1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2012-11-02 Online:2013-07-15 Published:2013-05-02

摘要: 【目的】针对环渤海区域冬小麦/夏玉米轮作系统氮肥施用量过大,环境效应逐渐增大的实际情况,研究不同氮肥施用量下长期和区域环境效应,明确冬小麦/夏玉米的减氮潜力和区域。【方法】利用定位试验和生物地球化学模型相结合的研究方法。【结果】冬小麦/夏玉米不同氮素施用量15年的模拟结果表明,随着氮肥施用量的增加,作物产量逐渐增加,到两季作物施氮量达到240—300 kg N•hm-2以上时,作物产量增加能力有限,而氮淋溶损失量则逐渐加大,土壤中残留的无机氮素也逐渐增加。与当前区域氮肥施用量364×104 t相比,区域氮肥总量减少30%和优化施肥两种调控方案下环渤海地区总氮素平衡的各个输出项都有不同程度的降低,其中降低幅度最大的是氮淋溶,分别减少了67.23%和79.93%,极大地降低了氮素的环境风险。【结论】环渤海地区冬小麦/夏玉米轮作系统氮素的环境效应有随氮素施用量逐渐增加的态势,目前该种植模式具有减氮的潜力,区域减氮30%能够有效的减少环境效应,节氮潜力最明显的地区在山东东部、西南部和河北中部。

关键词: 冬小麦/夏玉米 , 环境效应 , 氮淋溶 , 环渤海地区

Abstract: 【Objective】 As the overuse of N application in the winter wheat/summer maize rotation system and the enhanced environmental effects, this research aims at the long-term and regional environmental effects of different N applications, and to definite the regional environmental effects and the potential of N reduction in the winter wheat/summer maize system.【Method】The simulation of different N application in winter wheat/summer maize was conducted for 15 years by using the research method which combined the location tests and the biogeochemical model together. 【Result】 The result indicated that crop yield increased by increasing N application. The increase of crop yield was limited when the N application rate ranged from 240 kg•hm-2 to 300 kg•hm-2, and the N leaching enhanced, the residual inorganic N in the soil increased. The loss of total N reduced under the two regulations, 30% i.e. the regional N application rate reduced by 30% and the optimized N application, which lead to 67.23% and 79.93% reduction of N leaching, respectively, thus decreasing the N environmental risk.【Conclusion】The N environmental effects of the winter wheat/summer maize rotation system increased by increasing N application in the area around Bohai Bay. The planting pattern of winter wheat/summer maize has the potential of N reduction, and reduce 30% of regional N application has the obvious reduction of environmental effects. The middle of Hebei Province and the east and southwest of Shandong Province have the most obvious potential of saving N.

Key words: winter wheat/summer maize , environmental effects , N leaching , the area around Bohai Bay