紫花苜蓿对蓟马危害的光合生理响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.12.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探索紫花苜蓿对大田蓟马危害的光合生理响应机制，揭示苜蓿对蓟马危害的补偿机制。【方法】以抗蓟马苜蓿无性系R-1和感蓟马苜蓿无性系I-1为材料，在大田蓟马持续危害条件下，于初花期测定2个无性系不同受害级别叶片的气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光诱导动力学参数的变化。【结果】随着叶片受害级别的增加，R-1、I-1无性系叶片的叶绿素含量和水分利用效率（WUE）降低，胞间CO2浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和气孔导度（Gs）升高，净光合速率（Pn）先升高后降低；R-1无性系的光补偿点（Lcp）、暗呼吸速率（Rd）先降低后升高，表观量子效率（AQY）、光饱和点（Lsp）、最大净光合速率（Pnmax）先升高后降低，I-1无性系的Lcp、Rd升高，AQY、Lsp降低，Pnmax先升高后降低；受害级别相同时，R-1无性系的Pn、AQY、Lsp和Pnmax高于I-1无性系，Rd、Lcp低于I-1无性系。随着叶片受害级别的增加，R-1无性系的初始荧光（F0）先降低后升高，PSII实际光合效率（ФPSII）、非光化学淬灭系数（NPQ）、光化学淬灭系数（qP）、PSII潜在活性（Fv/F0）和PSII原初光能转化效率（Fv/Fm）先升高后降低，I-1无性系的F0升高，NPQ、qP先升高后降低，ФPSII、Fv/F0和Fv/Fm降低；受害级别相同时，R-1无性系的F0低于I-1无性系，ФPSII、qP、Fv/F0和Fv/Fm高于I-1无性系。相对于健康叶片而言，R-1无性系不同受害级别叶片的气体交换参数、光响应参数及叶绿素荧光动力学参数的增幅、降幅均小于I-1无性系。【结论】蓟马危害造成了紫花苜蓿PSII反应中心受损，使得紫花苜蓿对光能的利用能力下降，光合效率降低。但在受害较轻的情况下，R-1无性系具有较高的光合效率，光合补偿效应显著大于I-1无性系，说明R-1无性系对蓟马危害具有较强的抗性。

关键词: 苜蓿无性系 , 蓟马 , 受害级别 , 光合生理 , 抗虫性

Abstract: 【Objective】Photosynthetic physiological response mechanism of alfalfa to thrips and compensational mechanism of thrip damage were studied.【Method】Thrip resistant clone R-1 and susceptible clone I-1 were used to investigate the changes of gas exchange parameter and kinetic parameter of chlorophyll fluorescence of differently damaged leaves of R-1 and I-1 at initial flower stage under continuous thrips damage.【Result】As the increase of leaf damage grade, the chlorophyll content and water use efficiency (WUE) increased, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) increased firstly, then decreased, while intracellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) decreased. Light compensation point (Lcp), dark respiration rate (Rd), apparent quantum yield (AQY), light saturation point (Lsp), maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pnmax) increased firstly and then decreased in R-1, and for I-1, Lcp and Rd increased, AQY and Lsp decreased, Pnmax increased firstly and then decreased. Under the same damage level, Pn, AQY, Lsp and Pnmax of R-1 were higher than I-1, while Rd and Lcp were lower than I-1. As the increase of leaf damage grade, F0 of R-1 decreased firstly and then increased, photosynthetic efficiency of PSII (ФPSII), non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), potential activity of PSII (Fv/F0) and original light energy transformation efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) increased firstly, then decreased, F0 of I-1 increased, while NPQ and qP increased firstly, then decreased, ФPSII, actual Fv/F0, and Fv/Fm decreased. Under the same damage grade, R-1 was found with lower F0 and higher ФPSII, qP, Fv/F0 and Fv/Fm, compared with I-1. Comparatively, gas exchange parameter, light response parameter and kinetic parameter of chlorophyll fluorescence fluctuations of R-1 were all less than that of I-1. 【Conclusion】Alfalfa PSII reaction center was injured due to thrip damage, which resulted in a decreased photosynthetic efficiency, indicating that R-1 was with a higher photosynthetic efficiency and a more effective photosynthetic compensation efficiency under minor thrip damage compared with I-1, as well as a relatively stronger resistance against thrip damage.

Key words: alfalfa clone , thrip , damage grade , photosynthetic physiology , insect resistance

寇江涛, 师尚礼, 胡桂馨, 周万海, 姚拓. 紫花苜蓿对蓟马危害的光合生理响应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(12): 2459-2470.

KOU Jiang-Tao, SHI Shang-Li, HU Gui-Xin, ZHOU Wan-Hai, YAO Tuo. Photosynthetic Physiology of Odontothrips Damaged Medicago sativa[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(12): 2459-2470.

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