高产栽培条件下种植方式对不同生育类型粳稻米质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.19.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨不同种植方式水稻高产栽培条件下稻米品质的变化规律。【方法】以早熟晚粳、迟熟中粳和中熟中粳3种类型水稻品种（含常规粳稻和杂交粳稻）为材料，比较研究高产栽培条件下手栽、机插、直播3种种植方式水稻的加工品质、外观品质、蒸煮食味品质、营养品质和RVA谱特征值的差异，并对米质性状与灌浆结实期的温光条件进行相关分析。【结果】（1）糙米率在不同种植方式间没有明显差异，精米率和整精米率早熟晚粳手栽＞机插＞直播，迟熟中粳和中熟中粳机插＞手栽＞直播；（2）垩白率手栽＞机插＞直播，垩白大小机插＞手栽＞直播，垩白度早熟晚粳和常规迟熟中粳手栽＞机插＞直播，中熟中粳和杂交迟熟中粳机插＞手栽＞直播；（3）直链淀粉含量直播＞机插＞手栽，胶稠度手栽＞机插＞直播；（4）蛋白质含量手栽与机插基本相当，直播略低，且除中熟中粳外与手栽和机插的差异不显著；（5）峰值黏度、热浆黏度和崩解值手栽＞机插＞直播，回复值直播＞机插＞手栽，峰值时间不同种植方式间没有明显差异，最终黏度早熟晚粳和常规迟熟中粳手栽＞机插＞直播，中熟中粳和杂交迟熟中粳直播＞机插＞手栽，糊化温度早熟晚粳和常规迟熟中粳直播＞机插＞手栽，中熟中粳和杂交迟熟中粳手栽＞机插＞直播。【结论】与手栽和机插相比，直播外观品质略优，加工品质、蒸煮食味品质和营养品质变劣；手栽与机插间加工品质和外观品质的优劣因品种类型而异，蒸煮食味品质手栽优于机插，营养品质大体相当。因此，选择合理的种植方式，并配套适宜的水稻品种类型，有利于获得优良的稻米品质。

关键词: 粳稻, 生育类型, 种植方式, 高产栽培, 稻米品质

Abstract: 【Objective】The variations of rice quality among different planting methods of high-yielding cultivation conditions were investigated.【Method】A comparative experiment was carried out with early-maturing late japonica rice (EMLJ), late-maturing medium japonica rice (LMMJ) and medium-maturing medium japonica rice (MMMJ) (including Japonica conventional rice and japonica hybrid rice) as materials to study the difference in processing quality, appearance quality, cooking and eating quality, nutritional quality and RVA profile characteristics of artificial transplanting (AT), mechanical transplanting (MT) and direct seeding (DS) rice under high-yielding cultivation conditions. Furthermore, the correlation analysis between rice quality characters and temperature and light condition during grain-filling periods was studied. 【Result】 Brown rice rate was no significant difference among different planting methods. The order of milled rice and head milled rice rate among different planting methods was AT＞MT＞DS in EMLJ, while MT＞AT＞DS in LMMJ and MMMJ. Chalkiness rate was AT＞MT＞DS, and chalkiness size was MT＞AT＞DS. Chalkiness degree was AT＞MT＞DS in EMLJ and conventional LMMJ, while MT＞AT＞DS in MMMJ and hybrid LMMJ. Amylose content was DS＞MT＞AT and gel consistency was AT＞MT＞DS. Protein content between AT and MT was in generally quite, and DS was slightly lower than that of AT and MT, but there was no significant difference in addition to MMMJ. Peak viscosity, trough viscosity and breakdown was AT＞MT＞DS, setback was DS＞MT＞AT, peak time among different planting methods was no significant difference, final viscosity was AT＞MT＞DS in EMLJ and conventional LMMJ while DS＞MT＞AT in MMMJ and hybrid LMMJ, pasting temperature was DS＞MT＞AT in EMLJ and conventional LMMJ while AT＞MT＞DS in MMMJ and hybrid LMMJ.【Conclusion】Compared with AT and MT, the appearance quality of DS is slightly better, while processing quality, cooking and eating quality and nutritional quality become worse. The processing and appearance quality between AT and MT are different due to varieties types. The cooking and eating quality of AT is better than that of MT. The nutritional quality between AT and MT is in generally quite. Therefore, it is beneficial to obtain good quality characters to choose reasonable planting methods and supporting appropriate rice varieties types.

Key words: japonica rice, growth and development type, planting method, high-yielding cultivation, rice quality

霍中洋, 李杰, 许轲, 戴其根, 魏海燕, 龚金龙, 张洪程. 高产栽培条件下种植方式对不同生育类型粳稻米质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(19): 3932-3945.

HUO Zhong-Yang, LI Jie, XU Ke, DAI Qi-Gen, WEI Hai-Yan, GONG Jin-Long, ZHANG Hong-Cheng. Effect of Planting Methods on Quality of Different Growth and Development Types of Japonica Rice Under High-Yielding ultivation Condition[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(19): 3932-3945.

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