不同品种肉兔断奶后生长性状的比较

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.14.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】比较不同肉兔品种断奶后的生长性能，并进行种质评估。【方法】分别分析了弗朗德巨兔、新西兰白兔、加利福尼亚兔、青紫蓝兔和福建黄兔的5、6、7、8、9和10周龄体重，平均日增重和上市日龄。断奶后生长数据来自上述5个品种的173窝肉兔，共计909只。模型中的固定效应包括品种类型、出生月份、母兔胎次、性别。窝效应作为随机效应，断奶数量和称重时间作为线性协变量。【结果】①5、6、7、8、9和10周龄体重，平均日增重及上市日龄的总平均数分别为619.46、791.57、941.51、1 107.51、1 309.51和1 445.52 g，23.64 g•d-1及103.14 d；②品种和断奶数量对个体断奶后生长性状影响显著（P＜0.05）；弗朗德巨兔的各周体重显著高于其它品种，福建黄兔的各周体重显著低于其它品种（P＜0.05）；③窝方差能解释生长性状大部分的总表型方差，为0.48—0.74。【结论】由于弗朗德巨兔具有生长速度快的特点，可将其作为杂交的终端父本；在肉兔选育时，选择指数应当同时兼顾断奶数量和生长性状。

关键词: 肉兔, 品种, 生长, 种质评估, 断奶数量, 窝方差

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of the present study was to compare different purebred rabbits based on individual body growth traits and evaluate the germplasm. 【Method】Postweaning data of 909 rabbits from 173 litters representing five breeds, Flemish Giant, New Zealand White, Californian, Chinchilla，Fujian Yellow, were compared for individual growth traits such as body weights at 5 (5WT), 6 (6WT), 7 (WT), 8 (WT), 9 (WT), and 10 (10WT) weeks of age, and post-weaning average daily gain between 5 and 10 weeks of age (ADG), and approximate age at market weight (AGE). The model included main effects of breed type, month of birth of the litter, parity of dam, sex, random effect of litter, litter size at weaning and age at weighting as linear covariate, and the random error. 【Result】 The overall means for 5WT, 6WT, 7WT, 8WT, 9WT, 10WT, ADG, AGE were 619.46 g, 791.57 g, 941.51 g, 1 107.51 g, 1 309.51 g, 1 445.52 g, 23.64 g•d-1 and 103.14 d. Significant sources of variation for individual growth traits were breed and number weaned per litter. The Flemish Giant had heavier body weights in all weeks than the other four breeds (P＜0.05). However, the Fujian Yellow had lower body weights in all weeks than the other four breeds (P＜0.05). Common litter variance explained a significantly large proportion of total phenotypic variance, with the proportions ranging between 0.48 and 0.74. 【Conclusion】This result would lead us to use Flemish Giant as a terminal sire breed because of its better growth rates. A multi-trait selection index with the inclusion of both number weaned per litter and growth traits was used as the criterion of selecting the lines of meat rabbits.

Key words: meat rabbits, breeds, growth, germplasm evaluation, number weaned per litter, litter variance

张翔宇, 谢晓红, 黄邓萍, 雷岷, 李金良, 杨锐, 肖嵩扬. 不同品种肉兔断奶后生长性状的比较[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(14): 2967-2972.

ZHANG Xiang-Yu, XIE Xiao-Hong, HUANG Deng-Ping, LEI Min, LI Jin-Liang, YANG Rui, XIAO Song-Yang. Comparison of Postweaning Growth of Different Meat Rabbit Breeds[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(14): 2967-2972.

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