苜蓿玉米间作系统饲料生产潜力及其机理的研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.16.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】评价不同玉米（Zea mays L.)+苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）间作模式下饲料干物质、营养物质生产能力和养分瘤胃降解率等的差异，为生产应用玉米+苜蓿间作模式提供科学依据。【方法】试验设苜蓿、玉米行数比分别为2﹕2、3﹕2、4﹕2和5﹕2，共4个间作处理，每个处理3个重复，以玉米、苜蓿单作为对照组。测定各处理干物质及营养物质产量、养分瘤胃降解率、可降解营养成分产量，以及苜蓿、玉米茎秆在瘤胃中降解前后解剖结构的变化和收获产物用作绵羊全日粮时瘤胃细菌总数的变化。【结果】玉米苜蓿间作系统及苜蓿单作干物质、营养物质及可利用营养物质产量均随苜蓿栽培年限的增加而显著提高（P＜0.05）；玉米单作、苜蓿单作及各间作处理在干物质产量上无显著差异（P＞0.05）；与玉米单作相比，玉米和苜蓿间作提高了粗蛋白质的产量、瘤胃降解率及可降解蛋白质产量，且随苜蓿间作比例的增加呈线性增加；与苜蓿单作相比，玉米+苜蓿间作提高了粗脂肪、碳水化合物及总能产量，降解率及相应的可利用营养成分产量；间作系统收获产物在瘤胃内降解时增加了瘤胃细菌数量，使苜蓿和玉米茎秆中更多的组织细胞被降解，从而提高了营养物质的降解率。【结论】玉米+苜蓿间作系统在营养物质产出上比单作系统具有更大的生产潜力，同时提高了营养物质瘤胃降解率和可降解营养物质产量，是一种可行的饲料生产模式，为今后在农区建立反刍动物饲料供应体系提供了科学依据。

关键词: 苜蓿, 玉米, 间作, 饲料生产潜力, 机理

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study were to estimate the discrepancy of forage producing performance and the nutrients digestibility of different maize (Zea mays L.) and alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.) intercropping models, thus to provide a scientific basis for applying the intercropping of maize and alfalfa in practice. 【Method】 Four intercropping treatments, alternating alfalfa and maize rows according to 2﹕2, 3﹕2, 4﹕2, 5﹕2, were designed with three replicates for each. Maize and alfalfa sole crop were the control groups. By determining the forage dry matter and nutrients yields, nutrients digestibility, degradable nutrients yields, and rumen microorganism counts of sheep fed harvested alfalfa-maize mixtures from different intercropping groups, to evaluate the forage production potential and explore the mechanism. 【Result】 The results showed that the yields of dry matter, nutrients and utilizable nutrients of maize and alfalfa intercropping system and alfalfa sole crop were all significantly improved along with the advancing of establishing years (P＜0.05); The yields of dry matter between each treatments had no significant difference (P＞0.05); Compared with the maize sole crop, the intercropping system improved the output and digestibility of crude protein (CP) and the yield of degradable CP, additionally, a linearly response was observed with increasing proportion of alfalfa in intercropping; Compared with the alfalfa sole crop, the intercropping system enhanced the yields and digestibility of ether extract (EE), carbohydrate and gross energy, as well as the yields of corresponding utilizable nutrients; The increase of rumen microorganism counts contributed to the enhanced nutrients digestibility and rendered much more straws tissue cells to be digested in rumen, when the harvested mixtures from intercropping were used as ruminant diets. 【Conclusion】 The alfalfa and maize intercropping system have greater forage nutrients yields than alfalfa or corn monoculture, and improve the digestibility of nutrient and the output of utilizable nutrients, thus it is a viable culturing mode for higher forage production, therefore the result can provide a scientific reference for structuring the optimal ruminant forage producing system in the future.

Key words: alfalfa, maize, intercropping, forage potential, mechanism

张桂国, 杨在宾, 董树亭. 苜蓿玉米间作系统饲料生产潜力及其机理的研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(16): 3436-3445.

ZHANG Gui-Guo, YANG Zai-Bin, DONG Shu-Ting. Studies on Forage Potential and Mechanism of Maize and Alfalfa Intercropping System[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(16): 3436-3445.

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