不同施磷水平下4种柑橘砧木的根际土壤 有机酸、微生物及酶活性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.05.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探索在不同施磷水平下柑橘砧木对其根际土壤有机酸种类及含量、微生物种群及数量以及土壤酶活性的影响，为丰富柑橘磷素营养及生态学理论和发掘具有特异营养性状的柑橘砧木提供科学依据。【方法】以贵州喀斯特山地分布的野生宜昌橙（Citrus ichangensis Swing.）、酸橙（C.aurantium L.）、白黎檬（C.limonia Osbeck）和枳（Poncirus trifoliata Raf.）为材料，采用土壤盆栽试验方法研究不同施磷水平下4种柑橘砧木耐磷胁迫能力，根际土壤有机酸种类及含量、微生物种群及数量和土壤酶活性及其相互关系。【结果】酸橙、白黎檬和枳的干物质积累量均随施磷水平的升高显著增加，施磷水平对宜昌橙生长量没有明显影响；耐低磷胁迫能力从大到小依次为宜昌橙、白黎檬、酸橙、枳。不同柑橘砧木的根际土壤有机酸种类及含量有明显差异，均以草酸、琥珀酸和乙酸为主要有机酸；4种柑橘砧木的根际土壤有机酸总量、草酸、丙二酸以及宜昌橙和酸橙根际土壤的琥珀酸含量随施磷水平的降低均明显增加；在磷饥饿条件下，宜昌橙的根际土壤有机酸总量明显高于其他柑橘砧木。土壤微生物均以细菌数量最多，放线菌次之，真菌最少；随施磷水平的降低，4种柑橘砧木根际土壤细菌、放线菌数量以及微生物总数均明显增多；在磷饥饿条件下，宜昌橙的根际土壤微生物数量明显多于其他柑橘砧木。不同柑橘砧木在不同施磷水平下其根际土壤酸性磷酸酶、脲酶、蛋白酶、硝酸还原酶、蔗糖酶活性大小各异，淀粉酶和过氧化氢酶活性没有显著差异。皮尔逊相关分析表明，施磷水平、根际土壤有机酸含量、微生物数量以及土壤酶活性之间有明显相关关系。【结论】耐低磷胁迫的柑橘砧木在磷饥饿条件下其根际土壤有机酸含量显著增多，土壤生物活性增强；在酸性黄壤上，宜昌橙能较好地适应低磷土壤环境。

关键词: 磷 , 柑橘 , 有机酸 , 微生物 , 土壤酶

Abstract: 【Objective】 The effects of different phosphorus (P) levels on the composition and content of organic acids, the population and quantity of microbe and enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil of different citrus rootstocks were explored for providing a scientific basis of enriching the theory about phosphorus nutrition and ecology of citrus and discovering the citrus rootstock with specific nutrient characteristics.【Method】A pot experiment was adopted to study the ability to phosphorus stress, the composition and content of organic acids, the population and quantity of microbe and enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil of Citrus ichangensis Swing., C.aurantium L., C.limonia Osbeck and Poncirus trifoliata Raf. under different P levels, and their correlation was analyzed.【Result】The dry matter accumulation of C.aurantium L., C.limonia Osbeck and P. trifoliata Raf. significantly increased with the rised P levels. There was no obvious effect of different P levels on the biomass of C. ichangensis Swing.. The tolerance to low-P stress was in the order of C. ichangensis Swing.＞C.limonia Osbeck＞C.aurantium L.＞P. trifoliata Raf. The composition and content of organic acids in rhizosphere soil of different citrus rootstocks were significantly different, and the oxalic acid, succinic acid and acetic acid were the main organic acids.The total content of organic acids and the content of oxalic acid, malonic acid in rhizosphere soil of different citrus rootstocks and the content of succinic acid in rhizosphere soil of C.ichangensis Swing. and C.aurantium L. significantly increased with the reduced P levels. Under phosphate starvation, the amount of organic acid in rhizosphere soil of C.ichangensis Swing. was significantly higher than other citrus rootstocks. Bacteria were dominant, followed by actinomycetes, and fungi were the least. The quantity of bacteria, actinomycetes and the total microbes increased significantly with the reduced P levels. Under phosphate starvation, the amount of microbes in rhizosphere soil of C.ichangensis Swing. was significantly higher than other citrus rootstocks. The activities of acid phosphatase, urase, protease, nitrate reductase, and sucrase in rhizosphere soil of different citrus rootstocks under different P levels were significantly different, the activities of diastase and catalase had no obvious difference. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that there was a siginificant correlation among P levels, organic acids content, microbial quantity and soil enzyme activities. 【Conclusion】Under phosphate starvation, the organic content and biological activity significantly incresed in rhizosphere soil of citrus rootstocks with low-level phosphorus tolerance. C.ichangensis Swing. was more adaptive to low phosphorus soil.

Key words: phosphorus , citrus , organic acid , microbe , soil enzyme

罗燕, 樊卫国. 不同施磷水平下4种柑橘砧木的根际土壤有机酸、微生物及酶活性[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(5): 955-967.

LUO Yan, FAN Wei-Guo. Organic Acid Content, Microbial Quantity and Enzyme Activity in Rhizosphere Soil of Four Citrus Rootstocks Under Different Phosphorus Levels[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(5): 955-967.

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