番茄斑驳花叶病毒在我国茄科作物上的发生及生物学特性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.03.007

中国农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3): 539-550.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.03.007

番茄斑驳花叶病毒在我国茄科作物上的发生及生物学特性

李月月^1,⁵,周文鹏¹,路思倩¹,陈德荣¹,戴剑鸿²,郭乔优²,刘勇³,李凡¹,谭冠林^1,⁴()

¹ 云南农业大学植物保护学院,昆明 650201
² 元谋县植保植检站,云南元谋 651300
³ 湖南省植物保护研究所,长沙 410125
⁴ 云南农业大学现代教育技术中心,昆明 650201
⁵ 洛阳师范学院生命科学学院,河南洛阳 471934

收稿日期:2019-08-07 接受日期:2019-09-19 出版日期:2020-02-01 发布日期:2020-02-13
通讯作者: 谭冠林
作者简介:李月月,E-mail：yuey_li@126.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31660039);国家公益性行业农业科研专项(201303028);云南省高校科技创新团队支持计划云教科([2014]22号)

Occurrence and Biological Characteristics of Tomato mottle mosaic virus on Solanaceae Crops in China

LI YueYue^1,⁵,ZHOU WenPeng¹,LU SiQian¹,CHEN DeRong¹,DAI JianHong²,GUO QiaoYou²,LIU Yong³,LI Fan¹,TAN GuanLin^1,⁴()

¹ College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201
² Plant Protection and Plant Inspection Station of Yuanmou, Yuanmou 651300, Yunnan
³ Plant Protection Institute of Hunan, Changsha 410125
⁴ Center for Modern Educational Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201
⁵ College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, Henan

Received:2019-08-07 Accepted:2019-09-19 Online:2020-02-01 Published:2020-02-13
Contact: GuanLin TAN

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】鉴定烟草花叶病毒属（Tobamovirus）新种番茄斑驳花叶病毒（Tomato mottle mosaic virus,ToMMV）当前在我国茄科作物上的发生危害情况、主要分布地区和自然寄主,明确其主要寄主范围、传播途径和致病性等生物学特性。【方法】利用RT-PCR方法对2013—2017年采自我国云南、贵州、四川、海南、湖南、河南、陕西、山东、湖北、浙江、辽宁、西藏和内蒙古13个省（自治区）,表现为花叶、皱缩、畸形、黄化、坏死等疑似病毒病症状的茄科作物辣椒、番茄、茄子、马铃薯和烟草等样品进行ToMMV的检测。分别将ToMMV进行摩擦接种和注射接种,对感染ToMMV的珊西烟获得的种子及由种子萌发的幼苗进行ToMMV检测,对由健康种子萌发且在含有ToMMV毒源土壤中生长的6—8叶龄辣椒和番茄幼苗进行ToMMV检测,以此开展ToMMV传播方式的测试。在茄科、葫芦科、豆科和十字花科等6科30种植株上开展ToMMV的寄主范围鉴定和不同辣椒、番茄材料对ToMMV的抗性鉴定。【结果】我国13个省（区）共采集茄科作物疑似病毒病样品1 622份,ToMMV的平均检出率为2.59%,目前ToMMV已在我国云南、湖南、海南、辽宁、陕西、西藏和内蒙古7个省（区）发生。其中云南、湖南、海南、陕西和西藏的辣椒上有ToMMV的发生,而云南、海南、辽宁及内蒙古的番茄上有ToMMV的发生,平均检出率分别为2.51%和3.46%,尚未在茄子、马铃薯和烟草样品中检测到ToMMV的侵染。ToMMV可通过摩擦、注射、种子带毒及土壤带毒进行传播,且种子带毒率越高,对种苗生长的影响越大;寄主范围测试发现,ToMMV可侵染几乎所有供试的茄科和十字花科植物,及部分豆科和葫芦科植物。筛选出对ToMMV免疫的辣椒材料1份、高抗的辣椒材料2份以及对ToMMV高抗的番茄材料2份。【结论】ToMMV目前已在我国辣椒、番茄上发生,人工条件下ToMMV的寄主范围较广,致病力强,在我国有逐渐扩散和流行的趋势,很可能会成为未来蔬菜作物尤其是茄科作物上危害严重的主要病毒之一。

关键词: 番茄斑驳花叶病毒, 茄科作物, 发生分布, 传播方式, 致病性

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to determine the occurrence, main distribution area, natural host and biological characteristics including host range, transmission way and pathogenicity of Tomato mottle mosaic virus (ToMMV) in solanaceae crops of China, which is a newly identified species in the genus Tobamovirus.【Method】Using RT-PCR method, the suspected virus-infected pepper, tomato, eggplant, potato, tobacco of solanaceae crops showing mosaic, shrinking, malformation, yellowing, necrosis symptoms collected from 13 provinces/autonomous regions (Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hainan, Hunan, Henan, Shaanxi, Shandong, Hubei, Zhejiang, Liaoning, Tibet and Inner Mongolia) of China in 2013-2017 were detected. Transmission ways were tested by mechanical inoculation and injection, by ToMMV detection in the seeds obtained from ToMMV-infecting tobacco and the seedlings germinated from the seeds, as well as in the 6-8 leaves seedlings of pepper and tomato germinated from the healthy seeds grew in the ToMMV-contaminated soils. Host range test of ToMMV on 30 plants in 6 families such as Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae, Cruciferae and disease resistance evaluation of different pepper and tomato varieties against ToMMV were carried out.【Result】A total of 1 622 suspected virus-diseased samples of solanaceae crops were collected from 13 provinces/autonomous regions, and the average detection rate of ToMMV was 2.59%, which occurred in 7 provinces/autonomous regions including Yunnan, Hunan, Hainan, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Tibet and Inner Mongolia. ToMMV infection in pepper was detected in Yunnan, Hunan, Hainan, Shaanxi and Tibet, while the infection of ToMMV in tomato was detected in Yunnan, Hainan, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia, with the average detection rates of 2.51% and 3.46%, respectively. No ToMMV was detected in eggplant, potato and tobacco. ToMMV could be transmitted by mechanical inoculation, injection, virus-contaminated seeds and virus-contaminated soils under experimental conditions, and showed the higher ToMMV infection rate in the seeds, the greater impact on the growth of seedlings. ToMMV could infect almost all of the tested solanaceae and cruciferae plants, and some leguminosae and cucurbitaceae plants. One pepper germplasm material was identified as immune to ToMMV, and two pepper germplasm materials were high resistance to ToMMV, while two tomato germplasm materials showed high resistance to ToMMV.【Conclusion】ToMMV has been occurring on pepper and tomato in China at present, and the host range of ToMMV is wide and the pathogenicity is strong under experimental conditions. ToMMV has a gradual spread and epidemic trend in China, and it is likely to become one of the most harmful viruses on vegetable crop production, especially in solanaceae crops in the future.

Key words: Tomato mottle mosaic virus (ToMMV), solanaceae crops, occurrence and distribution, transmission way, pathogenicity

李月月,周文鹏,路思倩,陈德荣,戴剑鸿,郭乔优,刘勇,李凡,谭冠林. 番茄斑驳花叶病毒在我国茄科作物上的发生及生物学特性[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(3): 539-550.

LI YueYue,ZHOU WenPeng,LU SiQian,CHEN DeRong,DAI JianHong,GUO QiaoYou,LIU Yong,LI Fan,TAN GuanLin. Occurrence and Biological Characteristics of Tomato mottle mosaic virus on Solanaceae Crops in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(3): 539-550.

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供试植株接种ToMMV后的症状表现及ToMMV的RT-PCR检测结果"

供试植株所属科 Family of tested plants	供试植株 Tested plant	表现症状 Symptom	RT-PCR检测结果 Results of RT-PCR
茄科 Solanaceae	辣椒Capsicum annuum	花叶Mosaic、黄化Yellowing、坏死Necrosis、皱缩Shrinking	+
	番茄Solanum lycopersicum	花叶Mosaic、泡斑Blistering、畸形Distortion、线形叶Leaf narrowing	+
	茄子Solanum melongena	斑驳Mottle、坏死Necrosis	+
	马铃薯Solanum tuberosum	斑驳Mottle、黄化Yellowing、坏死Necrosis	+
	普通烟Nicotiana tobacum	花叶Mosaic	+
	本氏烟N. benthamiana	褪绿Chlorosis、黄化Yellowing	+
	黄花烟N. rustica	泡斑Blistering、畸形Distortion、坏死Necrosis	+
	珊西烟N. tabacum var. Xanthi nc	花叶Mosaic、泡斑Blistering、畸形Distortion、线形叶Leaf narrowing	+
	三生烟N. tabacum var. Samsun	花叶Mosaic、线性叶Leaf narrowing	+
	心叶烟N. glutinosa	坏死斑Necrosis spot	+
	矮牵牛Petunia hybrida	泡斑Blistering、畸形Distortion	+
	酸浆Physalis alkekengi	褪绿Chlorosis、斑驳Mottle	+
	假酸浆Nicandra physaloides	花叶Mosaic	+
	曼陀罗Datura stramonium	无症状No symptom	-
十字花科 Cruciferae	大白菜Brassica pekinensis	褪绿Chlorosis、轻斑驳Mild mottle	+
	青菜B. chinensis	褪绿Chlorosis、轻斑驳Mild mottle	+
	青花菜B. oleacea var. italica	症状不明显No obvious symptom	+
	花椰菜B. oleracea var. botrytis	症状不明显No obvious symptom	+
	油菜B. campestris	轻斑驳Mild mottle	+
	萝卜Raphanus sativus	轻斑驳Mild mottle	+
葫芦科 Cucurbitaceae	西葫芦Cucurbita pepo	褪绿Chlorosis、轻斑驳Mild mottle	+
	黄瓜Cucumis sativus	症状不明显No obvious symptom	+
	南瓜Cucurbita moschata	症状不明显No obvious symptom	+
	丝瓜Luffa cylindrica	无症状No symptom	-
	苦瓜Momordica charantia	无症状No symptom	-
豆科 Leguminosae	菜豆Phaseolus vulgaris	斑驳Mottle、坏死Necrosis	+
	豇豆Vigna unguiculata	无症状No symptom	-
	豌豆Pisum sativum	无症状No symptom	-
旋花科 Convolvulaceae	蕹菜Ipomoea aquatica	无症状No symptom	-
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	昆诺藜Chenopodium quinoa	无症状No symptom	-

表3

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采样地区Sampling area	样品采集数Sampling number	检出数Number of positive	检出率Detection rate (%)
云南Yunnan	847	17	2.01
湖南Hunan	4	4	100.00
西藏Tibet	7	1	14.29
陕西Shaanxi	9	1	11.11
海南Hainan	12	1	8.33
贵州Guizhou、湖北Hubei、河南Henan、山东Shandong、辽宁Liaoning、内蒙古Inner Mongolia、浙江Zhejiang、四川Sichuan	79	0	0
总检出率Total detection rate (%)	958	24	2.51

采样地区Sampling area	样品采集数Sampling number	检出数Number of positive	检出率Detection rate (%)
云南Yunnan	446	5	1.12
辽宁Liaoning	8	6	75.00
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	6	2	33.33
海南 Hainan	17	5	29.41
陕西Shaanxi、山东Shandong、西藏Tibet、河南Henan	43	0	0
总检出率Total detection rate (%)	520	18	3.46

供试植株 Tested plant	品种 Variety	发病率 Incidence (%)	病情指数 Disease index (DI)	抗性评价 Evaluation of resistance level
辣椒 Pepper	野生小辣椒Wild little pepper	0	0	免疫I
	小米辣Spicy millet	8.33	6.48	高抗HR
	韩国原种朝天椒Korea pod pepper	20.00	7.78	高抗HR
	8819线椒8819 string-pepper	30.77	15.38	抗病R
	金满田Ⅱ号Jinmantian Ⅱ	32.00	16.00	抗病R
	丘北辣 Qiubei pepper	34.15	18.43	抗病R
	日本朝天椒 Japan pod pepper	38.10	21.16	中抗MR
	日本高抗天鹰椒Japan highly resistant tianying pepper	50.00	25.56	中抗MR
	新陇2号 Xinlong 2	100.00	54.25	感病S
	甜椒王Sweet pepper king	90.00	61.11	高感HS
番茄 Tomato	T596小樱桃T596 little cherry	35.85	3.98	高抗HR
	钻红1号Zuan hong 1	38.64	8.84	高抗HR
	T3108	50.00	16.18	抗病R
	TM40456	65.31	23.13	抗病R
	T3068粉果T3068 pink tomato	64.44	28.40	抗病R
	T808	76.09	35.02	中抗MR
	TM3167	61.36	35.61	中抗MR
	宝石F1 Baoshi F1	85.71	42.86	中抗MR
	T367	89.47	57.89	感病S
	T364	91.84	70.52	高感HS

番茄斑驳花叶病毒在我国茄科作物上的发生及生物学特性

Occurrence and Biological Characteristics of Tomato mottle mosaic virus on Solanaceae Crops in China

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