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农业生态环境-施肥和施肥技术Agro-ecosystem & Environment—Fertilizer & Fertilization technique

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Please wait a minute... For Selected: Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX Toggle Thumbnails Select Improvement of soil fertility and rice yield after long-term application of cow manure combined with inorganic fertilizers GAO Peng, ZHANG Tuo, LEI Xing-yu, CUI Xin-wei, LU Yao-xiong, FAN Peng-fei, LONG Shi-ping, HUANG Jing, GAO Ju-sheng, ZHANG Zhen-hua, ZHANG Hui-min 2023, 22 (7): 2221-2232.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.037 Abstract （267）      PDF in ScienceDirect       Fertilization is an effective technique to improve soil fertility and increase crop yield. The long-term effects of different fertilizers on soil considerably vary. Over 38 consecutive years of different fertilization positioning experiments in a double cropping rice field of Qiyang Red Soil Experimental Station, seven different fertilization treatments including CK (no fertilization), NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer), M (cow manure), NPKM (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium with cow manure), NPM (nitrogen and phosphorus with cow manure), NKM (nitrogen and potassium with cow manure), and PKM (phosphorus and potassium with cow manure) were applied to study the effects on rice yield, soil fertility, and nutrient apparent balance in a paddy field. The results showed that the annual average yields of rice in NPKM, NPM, NKM, PKM, M, NPK and CK treatments ranged from 6 214 to 11 562 kg ha–1. Yields under longterm organic and inorganic treatments (NPKM, NPM, NKM and PKM) were 22.58, 15.35, 10.53 and 4.41%, respectively, greater than under the NPK treatment. Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN) and available potassium (AK) concentration with long-term organic and inorganic treatment (NPKM, NPM, NKM and PKM) were significantly higher than in inorganic fertilizer (NPK) treatments. Soil total phosphorus (TP) and available phosphorus (AP) contentration with organic fertilizer combined with inorganic N and P fertilizer treatment (NPKM, NPM and PKM) were significantly higher than with inorganic fertilizer alone (NPK treatments). The average annual rice yield (11 562 kg ha–1), SOC (20.88 g kg–1), TN (2.30 g kg–1), TP (0.95 g kg–1), TK (22.50 g kg–1) and AP (38.94 mg kg–1) concentrations were the highest in the NPKM treatment. The soil AN concentration (152.40 mg kg–1) and AK contentration (151.00 mg kg–1) were the highest in the NKM treatment. N and P application led to a surplus of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil, but NPKM treatment effectively reduced the surplus compared with other treatments. Soils under all treatments were deficient in potassium. Correlation analysis showed that SOC, TN, AN, TP, and AP contentration was significantly correlated with rice yield; the correlation coefficients were 0.428, 0.496, 0.518, 0.501, and 0.438, respectively. This study showed that the combined application of N, P, and K with cow manure had important effects on rice yield and soil fertility, but balanced application of N, P, and K with cow manure was required. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Green manuring facilitates bacterial community dispersal across different compartments of subsequent tobacco LIANG Hai, FU Li-bo, CHEN Hua, ZHOU Guo-peng, GAO Song-juan, CAO Wei-dong 2023, 22 (4): 1199-1215.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.043 Abstract （263）      PDF in ScienceDirect       Green manure–crop rotation is a sustainable approach to protect crops against diseases and improve yield.  However, the mechanism by which green manuring manipulates the crop-associated microbial community remains to be elucidated.  In this study, we explored the horizontal processes of bacterial communities in different compartments of the soil–root interface (bulk soil, rhizosphere soil, rhizoplane and endosphere) of tobacco by performing a field experiment including four rotation practices, namely, tobacco rotated with smooth vetch, ryegrass, radish, and winter fallow (without green manure).  Results showed that the co-occurrence networks constructed by adjacent compartments of the soil–root interface with green manuring had more edges than without green manuring, indicating  dramatic microbial interactions.  Green manuring increased the dispersal-niche continuum index between bulk soil and other compartments, indicating that it facilitated the horizontal dispersal of microbes.  For the different green manuring practices, the neutral community model explained 24.6–27.6% of detection frequency for bacteria, and at least one compartment under each practice had a normalized stochasticity ratio higher than the 50% boundary point, suggesting that the deterministic and stochastic processes jointly shaped the tobacco microbiome.  In conclusion, green manuring generally facilitates bacterial community dispersal across different compartments and enhances potential interactions among adjacent compartments.  This study provides empirical evidence for understanding the microbiome assembly under green manure–crop rotation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Hole fertilization in the root zone facilitates maize yield and nitrogen utilization by mitigating potential N loss and improving mineral N accumulation SHI Wen-xuan, ZHANG Qian, LI Lan-tao, TAN Jin-fang, XIE Ruo-han, WANG Yi-lun 2023, 22 (4): 1184-1198.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.09.018 Abstract （262）      PDF in ScienceDirect       Reducing environmental impacts and improving N utilization are critical to ensuring food security in China.  Although root-zone fertilization has been considered an effective strategy to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), the effect of controlled-release urea (CRU) applied in conjunction with normal urea in this mode is unclear.  Therefore, a 3-year field experiment was conducted using a no-N-added as a control and two fertilization modes (FF, furrow fertilization by manual trenching, i.e., farmer fertilizer practice; HF: root-zone hole fertilization by point broadcast manually) at 210 kg N ha–1 (controlled-release:normal fertilizer=5:5), along with a 1-year in-situ microplot experiment.  Maize yield, NUE and N loss were investigated under different fertilization modes.  The results showed that compared with FF, HF improved the average yield and N recovery efficiency by 8.5 and 22.3% over three years, respectively.  HF had a greater potential for application than FF treatment, which led to increases in dry matter accumulation, total N uptake, SPAD value and LAI.  In addition, HF remarkably enhanced the accumulation of 15N derived from fertilizer by 17.2% compared with FF, which in turn reduced the potential loss of 15N by 43.8%.  HF increased the accumulation of N in the tillage layer of soils at harvest for potential use in the subsequent season relative to FF.  Hence, HF could match the N requirement of summer maize, sustain yield, improve NUE and reduce environmental N loss simultaneously.  Overall, root-zone hole fertilization with blended CRU and normal urea can represent an effective and promising practice to achieve environmental integrity and food security on the North China Plain, which deserves further application and investigation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effect of fertigation frequency on soil nitrogen distribution and tomato yield under alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation FENG Xu-yu, PU Jing-xuan, LIU Hai-jun, WANG Dan, LIU Yu-hang, QIAO Shu-ting, LEI Tao, LIU Rong-hao 2023, 22 (3): 897-907.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.09.002 Abstract （231）      PDF in ScienceDirect       Alternate partial root-zone drip fertigation (ADF) is a combination of alternating irrigation and drip fertigation, with the potential to save water and increase nitrogen (N) fertilizer efficiency.  A 2-year greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different fertigation frequencies on the distribution of soil moisture and nutrients and tomato yield under ADF.  The treatments included three ADF frequencies with intervals of 3 days (F3), 6 days (F6) and 12 days (F12), and conventional drip fertigation as a control (CK), which was fertilized once every 6 days.  For the ADF treatments, two drip tapes were placed 10 cm away on each side of the tomato row, and alternate drip irrigation was realized using a manual valve on the distribution tapes.  For the CK treatment, a drip tape was located close to the roots of the tomato plants.  The total N application rate of all treatments was 180 kg ha–1.  The total irrigation amounts applied to the CK treatment were 450.6 and 446.1 mm in 2019 and 2020, respectively; and the irrigation amounts applied to the ADF treatments were 60% of those of the CK treatment.   The F3 treatment resulted in water and N being distributed mainly in the 0–40-cm soil layer with less water and N being distributed in the 40–60-cm soil layer.  The F6 treatment led to 21.0 and 29.0% higher 2-year average concentration of mineral N in the 0–20 and 20–40-cm soil layer, respectively and a 23.0% lower N concentration in the 40–60-cm soil layer than in the CK treatment.  The 2-year average tomato yields of the F3, F6, F12, and CK treatments were 107.5, 102.6, 87.2, and 98.7 t ha–1, respectively.  The tomato yield of F3 was significantly higher (23.3%) than that in the F12 treatment, whereas there was no significant difference between the F3 and F6 treatment.  The F6 treatment resulted in yield similar to the CK treatment, indicating that ADF could maintain tomato yield with a 40% saving in water use.  Based on the distribution of water and N, and tomato yield, a fertigation frequency of 6 days under ADF should be considered as a water-saving strategy for greenhouse tomato production. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select The potential of green manure to increase soil carbon sequestration and reduce the yield-scaled carbon footprint of rice production in southern China GAO Song-juan, LI Shun, ZHOU Guo-peng, CAO Wei-dong 2023, 22 (7): 2233-2247.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.12.005 Abstract （222）      PDF in ScienceDirect       Green manure (GM) has been used to support rice production in southern China for thousands of years. However, the effects of GM on soil carbon sequestration (CS) and the carbon footprint (CF) at a regional scale remain unclear. Therefore, we combined the datasets from long-term multisite experiments with a meta-analysis approach to quantify the potential of GM to increase the CS and reduce the CF of paddy soils in southern China. Compared with the fallow– rice practice, the GM–rice practice increased the soil C stock at a rate of 1.62 Mg CO2-eq ha–1 yr–1 and reduced chemical N application by 40% with no loss in the rice yield. The total CF varied from 7.51 to 13.66 Mg CO2-eq ha–1 yr–1 and was dominated by CH4 emissions (60.7–81.3%). GM decreased the indirect CF by 31.4% but increased the direct CH4 emissions by 19.6%. In the low and high CH4 emission scenarios, the CH4 emission factors of GM (EFgc) were 5.58 and 21.31%, respectively. The greater soil CS offset the increase in GM-derived CF in the low CH4 scenario, but it could not offset the CF increase in the high CH4 scenario. A trade-off analysis also showed that GM can simultaneously increase the CS and reduce the total CF of the rice production system when the EFgc was less than 9.20%. The variation in EFgc was mainly regulated by the GM application rates and water management patterns. Determining the appropriate GM application rate and drainage pattern warrant further investigation to optimize the potential of the GM–rice system to increase the CS and reduce the total CF in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of the combined application of organic and chemical nitrogen fertilizer on soil aggregate carbon and nitrogen: A 30-year study BAI Jin-shun, ZHANG Shui-qing, HUANG Shao-min, XU Xin-peng, ZHAO Shi-cheng, QIU Shao-jun, HE Ping, ZHOU Wei 2023, 22 (11): 3517-3534.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.09.012 Abstract （222）      PDF in ScienceDirect       To understand the long-term effects of combined organic and chemical nitrogen fertilization on soil organic C (SOC) and total N (TN), we conducted a 30-year field experiment with a wheat–maize rotation system on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain during 1990–2019.  The experimental treatments consisted of five fertilizer regimes: no fertilizer (control), chemical fertilizer only (NPK), chemical fertilizer with straw (NPKS), chemical fertilizer with manure (NPKM), and 1.5 times the rate of NPKM (1.5NPKM).  The NPK, NPKS, and NPKM treatments had equal N inputs.  The crop yields were measured over the whole experimental duration.  Soil samples were collected from the topsoil (0–10 and 10–20 cm) and subsoil (20–40 cm) layers for assessing soil aggregates and taking SOC and TN measurements.  Compared with the NPK treatment, the SOC and TN contents increased significantly in both the topsoil (24.1–44.4% for SOC and 22.8–47.7% for TN) and subsoil layers (22.0–47.9% for SOC and 19.8–41.8% for TN) for the organically amended treatments (NPKS, NPKM and 1.5NPKM) after 30 years, while no significant differences were found for the average annual crop yields over the 30 years of the experiment.  The 0–10 cm layer of the NPKS treatment and the 20–40 cm layer of the NPKM treatment had significantly higher macroaggregate fraction mass proportions (19.8 and 27.0%) than the NPK treatment.  However, the 0–10 and 20–40 cm layers of the 1.5NPKM treatment had significantly lower macroaggregate fraction mass proportions (–19.2 and –29.1%) than the control.  The analysis showed that the higher SOC and TN in the soil of organically amended treatments compared to the NPK treatment were related to the increases in SOC and TN protected in the stable fractions (i.e., free microaggregates and microaggregates within macroaggregates), in which the contributions of the stable fractions were 81.1–91.7% of the increase in SOC and 83.3–94.0% of the increase in TN, respectively.  The relationships between average C inputs and both stable SOC and TN stocks were significantly positive with R2 values of 0.74 and 0.72 (P<0.01) for the whole 40 cm soil profile, which indicates the importance of N for soil C storage.  The results of our study provide key evidence that long-term combined organic and chemical nitrogen fertilization, while maintaining reasonable total N inputs, benefited soil C and N storage in both the topsoil and subsoil layers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Manure substitution improves maize yield by promoting soil fertility and mediating the microbial community in lime concretion black soil Minghui Cao, Yan Duan, Minghao Li, Caiguo Tang, Wenjie Kan, Jiangye Li, Huilan Zhang, Wenling Zhong, Lifang Wu 2024, 23 (2): 698-710.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.05.040 Abstract （198）      PDF in ScienceDirect       Synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer has made a great contribution to the improvement of soil fertility and productivity, but excessive application of synthetic N fertilizer may cause agroecosystem risks, such as soil acidification, groundwater contamination and biodiversity reduction.  Meanwhile, organic substitution has received increasing attention for its ecologically and environmentally friendly and productivity benefits.  However, the linkages between manure substitution, crop yield and the underlying microbial mechanisms remain uncertain.  To bridge this gap, a three-year field experiment was conducted with five fertilization regimes: i) Control, non-fertilization; CF, conventional synthetic fertilizer application; CF1/2M1/2, 1/2 N input via synthetic fertilizer and 1/2 N input via manure; CF1/4M3/4, 1/4 N input synthetic fertilizer and 3/4 N input via manure; M, manure application.  All fertilization treatments were designed to have equal N input.  Our results showed that all manure substituted treatments achieved high soil fertility indexes (SFI) and productivities by increasing the soil organic carbon (SOC), total N (TN) and available phosphorus (AP) concentrations, and by altering the bacterial community diversity and composition compared with CF.  SOC, AP, and the soil C:N ratio were mainly responsible for microbial community variations.  The co-occurrence network revealed that SOC and AP had strong positive associations with Rhodospirillales and Burkholderiales, while TN and C:N ratio had positive and negative associations with Micromonosporaceae, respectively.  These specific taxa are implicated in soil macroelement turnover.  Random Forest analysis predicted that both biotic (bacterial composition and Micromonosporaceae) and abiotic (AP, SOC, SFI, and TN) factors had significant effects on crop yield.  The present work strengthens our understanding of the effects of manure substitution on crop yield and provides theoretical support for optimizing fertilization strategies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Carbon sequestration rate, nitrogen use efficiency and rice yield responses to long-term substitution of chemical fertilizer by organic manure in a rice–rice cropping system Nafiu Garba HAYATU, LIU Yi-ren, HAN Tian-fu, Nano Alemu DABA, ZHANG Lu, SHEN Zhe, LI Ji-wen, Haliru MUAZU, Sobhi Faid LAMLOM, ZHANG Hui-min 2023, 22 (9): 2848-2864.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.12.006 Abstract （157）      PDF in ScienceDirect       Combined application of chemical fertilizers with organic amendments was recommended as a strategy for improving yield, soil carbon storage, and nutrient use efficiency.  However, how the long-term substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic manure affects rice yield, carbon sequestration rate (CSR), and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) while ensuring environmental safety remains unclear.  This study assessed the long-term effect of substituting chemical fertilizer with organic manure on rice yield, CSR, and NUE.  It also determined the optimum substitution ratio in the acidic soil of southern China.  The treatments were: (i) NPK0, unfertilized control; (ii) NPK1, 100% chemical nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer; (iii) NPKM1, 70% chemical NPK fertilizer and 30% organic manure; (iv) NPKM2, 50% chemical NPK fertilizer and 50% organic manure; and (v) NPKM3, 30% chemical NPK fertilizer and 70% organic manure.  Milk vetch and pig manure were sources of manure for early and late rice seasons, respectively.  The result showed that SOC content was higher in NPKM1, NPKM2, and NPKM3 treatments than in NPK0 and NPK1 treatments.  The carbon sequestration rate increased by 140, 160, and 280% under NPKM1, NPKM2, and NPKM3 treatments, respectively, compared to NPK1 treatment.  Grain yield was 86.1, 93.1, 93.6, and 96.5% higher under NPK1, NPKM1, NPKM2, and NPKM3 treatments, respectively, compared to NPK0 treatment.  The NUE in NPKM1, NPKM2, and NPKM3 treatments was higher as compared to NPK1 treatment for both rice seasons.  Redundancy analysis revealed close positive relationships of CSR with C input, total N, soil C:N ratio, catalase, and humic acids, whereas NUE was closely related to grain yield, grain N content, and phenol oxidase.  Furthermore, CSR and NUE negatively correlated with humin acid and soil C:P and N:P ratios.  The technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) showed that NPKM3 treatment was the optimum strategy for improving CSR and NUE.  Therefore, substituting 70% of chemical fertilizer with organic manure could be the best management option for increasing CSR and NUE in the paddy fields of southern China Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Application of organic manure as a potential strategy to alleviate the limitation of microbial resources in soybean rhizospheric and bulk soils Zhimin Wu, Xiaozeng Han, Xu Chen, Xinchun Lu, Jun Yan, Wei Wang, Wenxiu Zou, Lei Yan 2024, 23 (6): 2065-2082.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.10.021 Abstract （150）      PDF in ScienceDirect       The development and vigor of soil microorganisms in terrestrial ecosystems are frequently constrained by the limited availability of essential elements such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P).  In this study, we investigated the impact of long-term application of varying levels of organic manure, low (7.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1), moderate (15.0 Mg ha−1 yr−1), and high (22.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1), on the stoichiometry of enzymes and the structures of the microbial communities in soybean rhizospheric and bulk soils.  The main goal of this research was to examine how soil microbial resource limitations in the rhizosphere respond to different long-term fertilization strategies.  The soil enzymatic activities were quantified, and the structure of the microbial community was assessed by analyzing phospholipid fatty acid profiles.  When compared to the bulk soil, the rhizospheric soil had significant increases in microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), and phosphorus (MBP), with MBC increasing by 54.19 to 72.86%, MBN by 47.30 to 48.17%, and MBP by 17.37 to 208.47%.  Compared with the unfertilized control (CK), the total microbial biomasses of the rhizospheric (increased by 22.80 to 90.82%) and bulk soils (increased by 10.57 to 60.54%) both exhibited increases with the application of organic manure, and the rhizospheric biomass was higher than that of bulk soil.  Compared with bulk soil, the activities of C-, N- and P-acquiring enzymes of rhizospheric soil increased by 22.49, 14.88, and 29.45% under high levels of organic manure, respectively.  Analyses of vector length, vector angle, and scatter plots revealed that both rhizospheric and bulk soils exhibited limitations in terms of both carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) availability.  The results of partial least-squares path modelling indicated that the rhizospheric soil exhibited a more pronounced response to the rate of manure application than the bulk soil.  The varying reactions of rhizospheric and bulk soils to the extended application of organic manure underscore the crucial function of the rhizosphere in mitigating limitations related to microbial resources, particularly in the context of different organic manure application rates. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Optimized NPK fertilizer recommendations based on topsoil available nutrient criteria for wheat in drylands of China Wenjie Yang, Jie Yu, Yanhang Li, Bingli Jia, Longgang Jiang, Aijing Yuan, Yue Ma, Ming Huang, Hanbing Cao, Jinshan Liu, Weihong Qiu, Zhaohui Wang 2024, 23 (7): 2421-2433.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.11.049 Abstract （143）      PDF in ScienceDirect       The optimized management of crop fertilization is very important for improving crop yield and reducing the consumption of chemical fertilizers. Critical nutrient values can be used for evaluating the nutritional status of a crop, and they reflect the nutrient concentrations above which the plant is sufficiently supplied for achieving the maximum potential yield. Based on on-farm surveys of 504 farmers and 60 field experimental sites in the drylands of China, we proposed a recommended fertilization method to determine nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizer input rates for wheat production, and then validated the method by a field experiment at 66 different sites in northern China. The results showed that wheat grain yield varied from 1.1 to 9.2 t ha−1, averaging 4.6 t ha−1, and it had a quadratic relationship with the topsoil (0−20 cm) nitrate N and soil available P contents at harvest. However, yield was not correlated with the inputs of N, P, and K fertilizers. Based on the relationship (exponential decay model) between 95–105% of the relative yield and topsoil nitrate N, available P, and available K contents at wheat harvest from 60 field experiments, the topsoil critical nutrient values were determined as 34.6, 15.6, and 150 mg kg−1 for soil nitrate N, available P, and available K, respectively. Then, based on five groups of relative yield (>125%, 115–125%, 105–115%, 95–105%, and <95%) and the model, the five groups of topsoil critical nutrient levels and fertilization coefficients (Fc) were determined. Finally, we proposed a new method for calculating the recommended fertilizer input rate as: Fr=Gy×Nr×Fc, where Fr is the recommended fertilizer (N/P/K) input rate; Gy is the potential grain yield; Nr is the N(NrN), P(NrP), and K(NrK) nutrient requirements for wheat to produce 1,000 kg of grain; and Fc is a coefficient for N(Nc)/P(Pc)/K(Kc) fertilizer. A 2-year validated experiment confirmed that the new method reduced N fertilizer input by 17.5% (38.5 kg N ha−1) and P fertilizer input by 43.5% (57.5 kg P2O5 ha−1) in northern China and did not reduce the wheat yield. This outcome can significantly increase the farmers’ benefits (by 7.58%, or 139 US$ ha−1).  Therefore, this new recommended fertilization method can be used as a tool to guide N, P, and K fertilizer application rates for dryland wheat production. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Integrated assessment of yield, nitrogen use efficiency and ecosystem economic benefits of use of controlled-release and common urea in ratoon rice production Zijuan Ding, Ren Hu, Yuxian Cao, Jintao Li, Dakang Xiao, Jun Hou, Xuexia Wang 2024, 23 (9): 3186-3199.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.038 Abstract （114）      PDF in ScienceDirect       Controlled-release urea (CRU) is commonly used to improve the crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE).  However, few studies have investigated the effects of CRU in the ratoon rice system.  Ratoon rice is the practice of obtaining a second harvest from tillers originating from the stubble of the previously harvested main crop.  In this study, a 2-year field experiment using a randomized complete block design was conducted to determine the effects of CRU on the yield, NUE, and economic benefits of ratoon rice, including the main crop, to provide a theoretical basis for fertilization of ratoon rice.  The experiment included four treatments: (i) no N fertilizer (CK); (ii) traditional practice with 5 applications of urea applied at different crop growth stages by surface broadcasting (FFP); (iii) one-time basal application of CRU (BF1); and (iv) one-time basal application of CRU combined with common urea (BF2).  The BF1 and BF2 treatments significantly increased the main crop yield by 17.47 and 15.99% in 2019, and by 17.91 and 16.44% in 2020, respectively, compared with FFP treatment.  The BF2 treatment achieved similar yield of the ratoon crop to the FFP treatment, whereas the BF1 treatment significantly increased the yield of the ratoon crop by 14.81% in 2019 and 12.21% in 2020 compared with the FFP treatment.  The BF1 and BF2 treatments significantly improved the 2-year apparent N recovery efficiency, agronomic NUE, and partial factor productivity of applied N by 11.47–16.66, 27.31–44.49, and 9.23–15.60%, respectively, compared with FFP treatment.  The BF1 and BF2 treatments reduced the chalky rice rate and chalkiness of main and ratoon crops relative to the FFP treatment.  Furthermore, emergy analysis showed that the production efficiency of the BF treatments was higher than that of the FFP treatment.  The BF treatments reduced labor input due to reduced fertilization times and improved the economic benefits of ratoon rice.  Compared with the FFP treatment, the BF1 and BF2 treatments increased the net income by 14.21–16.87 and 23.76–25.96%, respectively.  Overall, the one-time blending use of CRU and common urea should be encouraged to achieve high yield, high nitrogen use efficiency, and good quality of ratoon rice, which has low labor input and low apparent N loss. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Effects of long-term partial substitution of inorganic fertilizer with pig manure and/or straw on nitrogen fractions and microbiological properties in greenhouse vegetable soils Shuo Yuan, Ruonan Li, Yinjie Zhang, Hao'an Luan, Jiwei Tang, Liying Wang, Hongjie Ji, Shaowen Huang 2024, 23 (6): 2083-2098.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.02.017 Abstract （111）      PDF in ScienceDirect       Partial substitution of inorganic fertilizers with organic amendments is an important agricultural management practice.  An 11-year field experiment (22 cropping periods) was carried out to analyze the impacts of different partial substitution treatments on crop yields and the transformation of nitrogen fractions in greenhouse vegetable soil.  Four treatments with equal N, P2O5, and K2O inputs were selected, including complete inorganic fertilizer N (CN), 50% inorganic fertilizer N plus 50% pig manure N (CPN), 50% inorganic fertilizer N plus 25% pig manure N and 25% corn straw N (CPSN), and 50% inorganic fertilizer N plus 50% corn straw N (CSN).  Organic substitution treatments tended to increase crop yields since the 6th cropping period compared to the CN treatment.  From the 8th to the 22nd cropping periods, the highest yields were observed in the CPSN treatment where yields were 7.5–11.1% greater than in CN treatment.  After 11-year fertilization, compared to CN, organic substitution treatments significantly increased the concentrations of NO3–-N, NH4+-N, acid hydrolysis ammonium-N (AHAN), amino acid-N (AAN), amino sugar-N (ASN), and acid hydrolysis unknown-N (AHUN) in soil by 45.0–69.4, 32.8–58.1, 49.3–66.6, 62.0–69.5, 34.5–100.3, and 109.2–172.9%, respectively.  Redundancy analysis indicated that soil C/N and OC concentration significantly affected the distribution of N fractions.  The highest concentrations of NO3–-N, AHAN, AAN, AHUN were found in the CPSN treatment.  Organic substitution treatments increased the activities of β-glucosidase, β-cellobiosidase, N-acetyl-glucosamidase, L-aminopeptidase, and phosphatase in the soil.  Organic substitution treatments reduced vector length and increased vector angle, indicating alleviation of constraints of C and N on soil microorganisms.  Organic substitution treatments increased the total concentrations of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in the soil by 109.9–205.3%, and increased the relative abundance of G+ bacteria and fungi taxa, but decreased the relative abundance of G– bacteria, total bacteria, and actinomycetes.  Overall, long-term organic substitution management increased soil OC concentration, C/N, and the microbial population, the latter in turn positively influenced soil enzyme activity.  Enhanced microorganism numbers and enzyme activity enhanced soil N sequestration by transforming inorganic N to acid hydrolysis-N (AHN), and enhanced soil N supply capacity by activating non-acid hydrolysis-N (NAHN) to AHN, thus improving vegetable yield.  Application of inorganic fertilizer, manure, and straw was a more effective fertilization model for achieving sustainable greenhouse vegetable production than application of inorganic fertilizer alone. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics Select Excessive manure application stimulates nitrogen cycling but only weakly promotes crop yields in an acidic Ultisol: Results from a 20-year field experiment Song Wan, Yongxin Lin, Hangwei Hu, Milin Deng, Jianbo Fan, Jizheng He 2024, 23 (7): 2434-2445.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.10.016 Abstract （79）      PDF in ScienceDirect       Population growth and growing demand for livestock products produce large amounts of manure, which can be harnessed to maintain soil sustainability and crop productivity. However, the impacts of excessive manure application on crop yields, nitrogen (N)-cycling processes and microorganisms remain unknown. Here, we explored the effects of 20-year of excessive rates (18 and 27 Mg ha–1 yr–1) of pig manure application on peanut crop yields, soil nutrient contents, N-cycling processes and the abundance of N-cycling microorganisms in an acidic Ultisol in summer and winter, compared with none and a regular rate (9 Mg ha–1 yr–1) of pig manure application. Long-term excessive pig manure application, especially at the high-rate, significantly increased soil nutrient contents, the abundance of N-cycling functional genes, potential nitrification and denitrification activity, while it had a weaker effect on peanut yield and plant biomass. Compared with manure application, seasonality had a much weaker effect on N-cycling gene abundance. Random forest analysis showed that available phosphorus (AP) content was the primary predictor for N-cycling gene abundance, with significant and positive associations with all tested N-cycling genes. Our study clearly illustrated that excessive manure application would increase N-cycling gene abundance and potential N loss with relatively weak promotion of crop yields, providing significant implications for sustainable agriculture in the acidic Ultisols. Related Articles | Metrics