Please wait a minute...
Journal of Integrative Agriculture  2025, Vol. 24 Issue (6): 2171-2189    DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.11.028
Horticulture Advanced Online Publication | Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search |
Construction of a high-density genetic map to explore the genetic regulation of erucic acid, oleic acid, and linolenic acid contents in Brassica juncea

Wei Yan1*, Jinze Zhang1*, Yingfen Jiang2, Kunjiang Yu1, Qian Wang1, Xu Yang1, Lijing Xiao1, Entang Tian1#

1 Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China

2 Institute of Crop Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China

 Highlights 
A high-density genetic map consisting of 3,997 markers has been developed for Brassica juncea.
The genes responsible for regulating the levels of erucic acid, oleic acid, and linolenic acid have been successfully mapped, cloned, and their sequences have been analyzed.
Two allele-specific markers were developed, demonstrating co-segregation with the levels of linolenic acid content.

Download:  PDF in ScienceDirect  
Export:  BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      
摘要  

芥菜型油菜是世界第三大油料作物,而其巨大表型变异背后的遗传机制大多未被深入研究。本文利用SLAF技术对来自芥菜型油菜Qichi881(蔬菜型)和YufengZC(油用型)亲本的197个F8重组自交株系进行了重测序。序列分析共获得438895个高质量SLAF片段,包含47644个具有多态性片段及3887个可用于遗传图谱构建的多态性标记。创建的遗传图谱将3887个多态性标记分配到18个连锁群中,而获得的连锁群总长度为1830.23 cM, 相邻标记平均距离为0.47 cM。利用新创建的高密度遗传图谱,共检测到53个调控芥酸、油酸和亚麻酸含量的QTL,并将其整合成6个稳定表达的QTL,其中每个性状包含两个稳定表达QTL。对于每个性状来说,均有两个候选基因被克隆,而序列分析表明它们与各自稳定表达的QTL具有相同的位置。对于亚麻酸性状,开发出两个Bju.FAD3.A03Bju.FAD3.B07基因的共显性标记,且均与亚麻酸含量表现出共分离现象,进一步证明了以上QTL定位及生物信息分析的准确性。此外,以上克隆基因的表达水平也进行了测定,并与作图群体不同株系的脂肪酸和含量表现出显著相关性。本研究结果将有助于芥菜型油菜脂肪酸性状的改良和分子育种。此外,本文还对新创建的高密度遗传图谱的潜在应用进行了讨论。



Abstract  

Rapeseed mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is the third most important oilseed crop in the world, but the genetic mechanism underlying its massive phenotypic variation remains largely unexplored.  In this study, specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-Seq) was used to resequence a population comprising 197 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between vegetable-type Qichi881 and oilseed-type YufengZC of Bjuncea.  In total, 438,895 high-quality SLAFs were discovered, 47,644 of which were polymorphic, and 3,887 of the polymorphic markers met the requirements for genetic map construction.  The final map included 3,887 markers on 18 linkage groups and was 1,830.23 centiMorgan (cM) in length, with an average distance of 0.47 cM between adjacent markers.  Using the newly constructed high-density genetic map, a total of 53 QTLs for erucic acid (EA), oleic acid (OA), and linolenic acid (LNA) were detected and integrated into eight consensus QTLs with two for each of these traits.  For each of these three traits, two candidate genes were cloned and sequence analysis indicated colocalization with their respective consensus QTLs.  The co-dominant allele-specific markers for Bju.FAD3.A03 and Bju.FAD3.B07 were developed and showed co-localization with their consensus QTLs and co-segregation with LNA content, further supporting the results of QTL mapping and bioinformatic analysis.  The expression levels of the cloned homologous genes were also determined, and the genes were tightly correlated with the EA, OA and LNA contents of different lines.  The results of this study will facilitate the improvement of fatty acid traits and molecular breeding of Bjuncea.  Further uses of the high-density genetic map created in this study are also discussed. 


Keywords:  Brassica juncea       high-density genetic map        Bju.FAE1        Bju.FAD2        Bju.FAD3  
Received: 28 January 2024   Accepted: 11 June 2024 Online: 12 November 2024  
Fund: 

This work was funded by the Scientific and Techno-logical Key Program of Guizhou Province, China (Qiankehezhicheng [2022] Key 031), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32160483 and 32360497), the Post-Funded Project for the National Natural Science Foundation of China from Guizhou University ([2023]093), the Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for Grain and Oil Crops in Guizhou Province, China (Qiankehezhongyindi [2023]008), and the Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture of Guizhou Provincial Higher Education Institutions, China (Qianjiaoji [2023] 007). 

About author:  #Correspondence Entang Tian, E-mail: erictian121@163.com *These authors contributed equally to this study.

Cite this article: 

Wei Yan, Jinze Zhang, Yingfen Jiang, Kunjiang Yu, Qian Wang, Xu Yang, Lijing Xiao, Entang Tian. 2025. Construction of a high-density genetic map to explore the genetic regulation of erucic acid, oleic acid, and linolenic acid contents in Brassica juncea. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 24(6): 2171-2189.

Aggarwal R A K, Sharma R, Kumar R, Mohapatra T, Sharma R P. 2003. Molecular mapping of loci affecting the contents of three major fatty acids in indian mustard (Brassica juncea L). Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology12, 131–137.

Arondel V, Lemieux B, Hwang I, Gibson S, Goodman H, Somerville C. 1992. Map-based cloning of a gene controlling omega-3 fatty acid desaturation in Arabidopsis. Science258, 1353–1355.

Barret P, Delourme R, Renard M, Domergue F, Lessire R, Delseny M, Roscoe T J. 1998. A rapeseed FAE1 gene is linked to the E1 locus associated with variation in the content of erucic acid. Theoretical and Applied Genetics96, 177–186.

Blenda A, Fang D D, Rami J F, Garsmeur O, Luo F, Lacape J M. 2012. A high density consensus genetic map of tetraploid cotton that integrates multiple component maps through molecular marker redundancy check. PLoS ONE7, e45739.

Cai C, Cheng F Y, Wu J, Zhong Y, Liu G. 2015. The first high-density genetic map construction in tree peony (Paeonia Sect. Moutan) using genotyping by specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing. PLoS ONE10, e0128584.

Chalhoub B, Denoeud F, Liu S, Parkin I A P, Tang H, Wang X, Chiquet J, Belcram H, Tong C, Samans B, Corréa M, Silva C D, Just J, Falentin C, Koh C S, Clainche I L, Bernard M, Bento P, Noel B, Labadie K, et al. 2014. Early allopolyploid evolution in the post-neolithic Brassica napus oilseed genome. Science345, 950–953.

Choudhary A K, Mishra G. 2021. Functional characterization and expression profile of microsomal FAD2 and FAD3 genes involved in linoleic and α-linolenic acid production in Leucas cephalotesPhysiology and Molecular Biology of Plants27, 1233–1244.

Das S, Roscoe T J, Delseny M, Srivastava P S, Lakshmikumaran M. 2002. Cloning and molecular characterization of the Fatty Acid Elongase 1 (FAE 1) gene from high and low erucic acid lines of Brassica campestris and Brassica oleraceaPlant Science162, 245–250.

Ecke W, Uzunova M, Weißleder K. 1995. Mapping the genome of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). II. Localization of genes controlling erucic acid synthesis and seed oil content. Theoretical and Applied Genetics91, 972–977.

Fourmann M, Barret P, Renard M, Pelletier G, Delourme R, Brunel D. 1998. The two genes homologous to Arabidopsis FAE1 co-segregate with the two loci governing erucic acid content in Brassica napusTheoretical and Applied Genetics96, 852–858.

Geng X, Jiang C, Yang J, Wang L, Wu X, Wei W. 2016. Rapid identification of candidate genes for seed weight using the SLAF-Seq method in Brassica napusPLoS ONE11, e0147580.

Gladis T, Hammer K. 1992. The Brassica collection in Gatersleben: Brassica junceaBrassica napusBrassica nigra, and Brassica rapaFeddes Repertorium103, 469–507.

Goedhart P W, Thissen J T. 2010. Biometris GenStat Procedure Library Manual. Wageningen University and Research Center (Wageningen UR), PO Box, 100, 6700.

Gu Q, Ke H, Liu Z, Lv X, Sun Z, Zhang M, Chen L, Yang J, Zhang Y, Wu L. 2020. A high-density genetic map and multiple environmental tests reveal novel quantitative trait loci and candidate genes for fibre quality and yield in cotton. Theoretical and Applied Genetics133, 3395–3408.

Gupta P K, Rustgi S, Mir R R. 2008. Array-based high-throughput DNA markers for crop improvement. Heredity101, 5–18.

Gupta V, Mukhopadhyay A, Arumugam N, Sodhi Y S, Pental D, Pradhan A K. 2004. Molecular tagging of erucic acid trait in oilseed mustard (Brassica juncea) by QTL mapping and single nucleotide polymorphisms in FAE1 gene. Theoretical and Applied Genetics108, 743–749.

Han J, Lühs W, Sonntag K, Zähringer U, Borchardt D S, Wolter F P, Heinz E, Frentzen M. 2001. Functional characterization of β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase genes from Brassica napus L. Plant Molecular Biology46, 229–239.

Hu X, Sullivan-Gilbert M, Gupta M, Thompson S A. 2006. Mapping of the loci controlling oleic and linolenic acid contents and development of fad2 and fad3 allele-specific markers in canola (Brassica napus L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics113, 497–507.

Jagannath A, Sodhi Y S, Gupta V, Mukhopadhyay A, Arumugam N, Singh I, Rohatgi S, Burma P K, Pradhan A K, Pental D. 2011. Eliminating expression of erucic acid-encoding loci allows the identification of “hidden” QTL contributing to oil quality fractions and oil content in Brassica juncea (Indian mustard). Theoretical and Applied Genetics122, 1091–1103.

James D W, Jr Lim E, Keller J, Plooy I, Ralston E, Dooner H K. 1995. Directed tagging of the Arabidopsis FATTY ACID ELONGATION1 (FAE1) gene with the maize transposon activator. The Plant Cell7, 309–319.

Joshi R, Árnyasi M, Lien S, Gjøen H M, Alvarez A T, Kent M. 2018. Development and validation of 58K SNP-Array and high-density linkage map in nile tilapia (O. niloticus). Frontiers in Genetics9, 472.

Khattak A N, Wang T, Yu K, Yang R, Wan W, Ye B, Tian E. 2019. Exploring the basis of 2-propenyl and 3-butenyl glucosinolate synthesis by QTL mapping and RNA-sequencing in Brassica junceaPLoS ONE14, e0220597.

Kinney A J, Cahoon E B, Hitz W D. 2002. Manipulating desaturase activities in transgenic crop plants. Biochemical Society Transactions30, 1099–1103.

Kole C, Mohapatra T. 2022. The Brassica Juncea Genome. Springer, Switzerland.

Kosambi D D. 1943. The estimation of map distances from recombination values. Annals of Eugenics12, 172–175.

Kumar A, Singh D P. 1998. Use of physiological indices as a screening trechnique for drought tolerance in oilseed Brassica species. Annals of Botany81, 413–420.

Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, and Tamura K. 2018. MEGA X: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology And Evolution, 35, 1547–1549.

Lee Y H, Kim K S, Jang Y, Choi I. 2014. EMS-induced mutagenesis for C18 unsaturated fatty acids in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Korean Journal of Crop Science59, 128–133.

Leonard C. 1994. Sources and commercial applications of high erucic vegetable oils. Lipid Technology4, 79–83.

Li-Beisson Y, Shorrosh B, Beisson F, Andersson M X, Arondel V, Bates P D, Baud S, Bird D, Debono A, Durrett T P, Franke R B, Graham I A, Katayama K, Kelly A A, Larson T, Markham J E, Miquel M, Molina I, Nishida I, Rowland O, et al. 2013. Acyl-lipid metabolism. Arabidopsis Book11, e0161.

Li H, Durbin R. 2009. Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows–Wheeler transform. Bioinformatics25, 1754–1760.

Li X, van Loo E N, Gruber J, Fan J, Guan R, Frentzen M, Stymne S, Zhu L H. 2012. Development of ultra-high erucic acid oil in the industrial oil crop Crambe abyssinicaPlant Biotechnology Journal10, 862–870.

Liu D, Ma C, Hong W, Huang L, Liu M, Liu H, Zeng H, Deng D, Xin H, Song J, Xu C, Sun X, Hou X, Wang X, Zheng H. 2014. Construction and analysis of high-density linkage map using high-throughput sequencing data. PLoS ONE9, e98855.

Liu S, Liu Y, Yang X, Tong C, Edwards D, Parkin I A P, Zhao M, Ma J, Yu J, Huang S, Wang X, Wang J, Lu K, Fang Z, Bancroft I, Yang T J, Hu Q, Wang X, Yue Z, Li H, et al. 2014. The Brassica oleracea genome reveals the asymmetrical evolution of polyploid genomes. Nature Communications5, 3930.

Liu S, Wang R, Zhang Z, Li Q, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhao Z. 2019. High-resolution mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling main floral stalk length in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). BMC Genomics20, 437.

Liu Y, Wei W, Ma K, Darmency H. 2013. Spread of introgressed insect-resistance genes in wild populations of Brassica juncea: A simulated in-vivo approach. Transgenic Research22, 747–756.

Mao X, Chen W, Huyan Z, Sherazi S T H, Yu X. 2020. Impact of linolenic acid on oxidative stability of rapeseed oils. Journal of Food Science and Technology57, 3184–3192.

Nishiuchi T, Nishimura M, Arondel V, Iba K. 1994. Genomic nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding a microsomal omega-3 fatty acid desaturase from Arabidopsis thalianaPlant Physiol105, 767–768.

Niu Y, Liu Q, He Z, Raman R, Wang H, Long X, Qin H, Raman H, Parkin I A P, Bancroft I, Zou J. 2023. A Brassica carinata pan-genome platform for Brassica crop improvement. Plant Communications5, 100725.

Okuley J, Lightner J, Feldmann K, Yadav N, Lark E, Browse J. 1994. Arabidopsis FAD2 gene encodes the enzyme that is essential for polyunsaturated lipid synthesis. The Plant Cell6, 147–158.

Van Ooijen J W. 2009. Mapqtl 6Software for the Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci in Experimental Populations of Diploid Species. Kyazma BV, Wageningen, Netherlands.

Oram R N, Kirk J T O, Veness P E, Hurlstone C J, Edlington J P, Halsall D M. 2005. Breeding Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.] for cold-pressed, edible oil productiona review. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research56, 581–596.

Van Os H, Stam P, Visser R G F, van Eck H J. 2005. SMOOTH: A statistical method for successful removal of genotyping errors from high-density genetic linkage data. Theoretical and Applied Genetics112, 187–194.

Østergaard L, Kempin S, Bies D, Klee H, Yanofsky M. 2006. Pod shatter-resistant Brassica fruit produced by ectopic expression of the FRUITFULL gene. Plant Biotechnology Journal4, 45–51.

Park M E, Kim H U. 2022. Applications and prospects of genome editing in plant fatty acid and triacylglycerol biosynthesis. Frontiers in Plant Science13, 969844.

Paterson A H, Brubaker C L, Wendel J F. 1993. A rapid method for extraction of cotton (Gossypium spp.) genomic DNA suitable for RFLP or PCR analysis. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter11, 122–127.

Phutela A, Jain V, Dhawan K, Nainawatee H S. 2000. Proline metabolism under water stress in the leaves and roots of Brassica juncea cultivars differing in drought tolerance. Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology9, 35–39.

Piazza G, Foglia T. 2001. Rapeseed oil for oleochemical usage. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology103, 450–454.

Porokhovinova E A, Matveeva T V, Khafizova G V, Bemova V D, Doubovskaya A G, Kishlyan N V, Podolnaya L P, Gavrilova V A. 2022. Fatty acid composition of oil crops: Genetics and genetic engineering. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution69, 2029–2045.

Pradhan A, Gupta V, Mukhopadhyay A, Arumugam N, Sodhi Y, Pental D. 2003. A high-density linkage map in Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) using AFLP and RFLP markers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics106, 607–614.

Qiu D, Morgan C, Shi J, Long Y, Liu J, Li R, Zhuang X, Wang Y, Tan X, Dietrich E, Weihmann T, Everett C, Vanstraelen S, Beckett P, Fraser F, Trick M, Barnes S, Wilmer J, Schmidt R, Li J, Li D, Meng J, Bancroft I. 2006. A comparative linkage map of oilseed rape and its use for QTL analysis of seed oil and erucic acid content. Theoretical and Applied Genetics114, 67–80.

Rahman H, Singer S D, Weselake R J. 2013. Development of low-linolenic acid Brassica oleracea lines through seed mutagenesis and molecular characterization of mutants. Theoretical and Applied Genetics126, 1587–1598.

Rai P K, Yadav P, Kumar A, Sharma A, Kumar V, Rai P. 2022. Brassica juncea: A crop for food and health. In: Kole C, Mohapatra T, eds., The Brassica Juncea Genome. Springer International Publishing, Cham. pp. 1–13.

Rout K, Yadav B G, Yadava S K, Mukhopadhyay A, Gupta V, Pental D, Pradhan A K. 2018. QTL Landscape for oil content in Brassica juncea: Analysis in multiple bi-parental populations in high and “0” erucic background. Frontiers in Plant Science9, 1448.

Roy N N. 1984. Interspecific transfer of Brassica juncea-type high blackleg resistance to Brassica napusEuphytica33, 295–303.

Saitou N, Nei M. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution4, 406–425.

Singer S D, Weselake R J, Rahman H. 2014. Development and characterization of low α-linolenic acid Brassica oleracea lines bearing a novel mutation in a ‘class a’ FATTY ACID DESATURASE 3 gene. BMC Genetics15, 94.

Singh S, Mohapatra T, Singh R, Hussain Z. 2013. Mapping of QTLs for oil content and fatty acid composition in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. and Coss.]. Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology22, 80–89.

Spasibionek S, Mikołajczyk K, Ćwiek–Kupczyńska H, Piętka T, Krótka K, Matuszczak M, Nowakowska J, Michalski K, Bartkowiak-Broda I. 2020. Marker assisted selection of new high oleic and low linolenic winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) inbred lines revealing good agricultural value. PLoS ONE15, e0233959.

Srivastava S K. 1987. Peroxidase and poly-phenol oxidase in Brassica juncea plants infected with Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassai) Goid. and their implication in disease resistance. Journal of Phytopathology120, 249–254.

Stange M, Utz H F, Schrag T A, Melchinger A E, Würschum T. 2013. High-density genotyping: An overkill for QTL mapping? Lessons learned from a case study in maize and simulations. Theoretical and Applied Genetics126, 2563–2574.

Sun X, Liu D, Zhang X, Li W, Liu H, Hong W, Jiang C, Guan N, Ma C, Zeng H. 2013. SLAF-seq: An efficient method of large-scale de novo SNP discovery and genotyping using high-throughput sequencing. PLoS ONE8, e58700.

Tan M, Niu J, Peng D Z, Cheng Q, Luan M B, Zhang Z Q. 2022. Clone and function verification of the OPR gene in Brassica napus related to linoleic acid synthesis. BMC Plant Biology22, 192.

Tanhuanpää P, Vilkki J, Vihinen M. 1998. Mapping and cloning of FAD2 gene to develop allele-specific PCR for oleic acid in spring turnip rape (Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera). Molecular Breeding4, 543–550.

Tian E, Zeng F, MacKay K, Roslinsky V, Cheng B. 2014. Detection and molecular characterization of two FAD3 genes controlling linolenic acid content and development of allele-specific markers in yellow mustard (Sinapis alba). PLoS ONE9, e97430.

Wan L S, Zhang G, Zhang J F, Yan G H, Zhu M, Ni Z B, Zhu G Y, Wang A M, Dai J Y, Sun H Q. 2018. Models of near infrared spectroscopy of fatty acid contents in rapeseed. Journal of Food Process Engineering41, e12876.

Wang J, Su K, Guo Y, Xing H, Zhao Y, Liu Z, Li K, Guo X. 2017. Construction of a high-density genetic map for grape using specific length amplified fragment (SLAF) sequencing. PLoS ONE12, e0181728.

Wang N, Wang Y, Tian F, King G J, Zhang C, Long Y, Shi L, Meng J. 2008. A functional genomics resource for Brassica napus: Development of an EMS mutagenized population and discovery of FAE1 point mutations by TILLING. New Phytologist180, 751–765.

Wang X, Wang H, Wang J, Sun R, Wu J, Liu S, Bai Y, Mun J H, Bancroft I, Cheng F, Huang S, Li X, et al. 2011. The genome of the mesopolyploid crop species Brassica rapaNature Genetics43, 1035–1039.

Wells R, Trick M, Soumpourou E, Clissold L, Morgan C, Werner P, Gibbard C, Clarke M, Jennaway R, Bancroft I. 2014. The control of seed oil polyunsaturate content in the polyploid crop species Brassica napusMolecular Breeding33, 349–362.

Wen Y, Zhang S, Wang J, He J, Cai D, Zhao L, Wang D. 2018. Fine mapping of lobed-leaf genes in two Brassica napus lines using SLAF sequencing. Crop Science58, 1684–1692.

Wilson R A, Sangha M K, Banga S S, Atwal A K, Gupta S. 2014. Heat stress tolerance in relation to oxidative stress and antioxidants in Brassica junceaJournal of Environmental Biology35, 383–387.

Wu G, Wu Y, Xiao L, Li X, Lu C. 2008. Zero erucic acid trait of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) results from a deletion of four base pairs in the fatty acid elongase 1 gene. Theoretical and Applied Genetics116, 491–499.

Wu Y, Bhat P R, Close T J, Lonardi S. 2008. Efficient and accurate construction of genetic linkage maps from the minimum spanning tree of a graph. PLoS Genetics4, e1000212.

Wu Y, Xiao L, Wu G, Lu C. 2007. Cloning of fatty acid elongase 1 gene and molecular identification of A and C genome in Brassica species. Science China Life Sciences50, 343–349.

Xu Y, Zhang B, Ma N, Liu X, Qin M, Zhang Y, Wang K, Guo N, Zuo K, Liu X, Zhang M, Huang Z, Xu A, et al. 2021. Quantitative trait locus mapping and identification of candidate genes controlling flowering time in Brassica napus L. Frontiers in Plant Science11, 626205.

Yang J, Liu D, Wang X, Ji C, Cheng F, Liu B, Hu Z, Chen S, Pental D, Ju Y, Yao P, Li X, Xie K, Zhang J, Wang J, Liu F, Ma W, Shopan J, Zheng H, Mackenzie S A, Zhang M. 2016. The genome sequence of allopolyploid Brassica juncea and analysis of differential homoeolog gene expression influencing selection. Nature Genetics48, 1225–1232.

Yang Q, Fan C, Guo Z, Qin J, Wu J, Li Q, Fu T, Zhou Y. 2012. Identification of FAD2 and FAD3 genes in Brassica napus genome and development of allele-specific markers for high oleic and low linolenic acid contents. Theoretical and Applied Genetics125, 715–729.

Yashpal, Saini N, Singh N, Chaudhary R, Yadav S, Singh R, Vasudev S, Yadava D K. 2020. Genetic improvement of oil quality using molecular techniques in Brassica juncea. In: Wani S H, Thakur A K, Jeshima Khan Y, eds., Brassica ImprovementMolecularGenetics and Genomic Perspectives. Springer International Publishing, Cham. pp. 109–125.

Yu H, Wang J, Sheng X, Zhao Z, Shen Y, Branca F, Gu H. 2019a. Construction of a high-density genetic map and identification of loci controlling purple sepal trait of flower head in Brassica oleracea L. italicaBMC Plant Biology19, 228.

Yu H, Wang J, Zhao Z, Sheng X, Shen Y, Branca F, Gu H. 2019b. Construction of a high-density genetic map and identification of loci related to hollow stem trait in broccoli (Brassic oleracea L. italica). Frontiers in Plant Science10, 45.

Zeng F, Cheng B. 2014. Transposable element insertion and epigenetic modification cause the multiallelic variation in the expression of FAE1 in Sinapis albaThe Plant Cell26, 2648–2659.

Zhao H, Yang X, Yu K, Yan W, Khattak A N, Tian E. 2022. Genetic diversity of original and derived germplasm in Brassica junceaChinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences44, 57–62.

Zhao Z, Gu H, Sheng X, Yu H, Wang J, Huang L, Wang D. 2016. Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms discovery and high-density genetic map construction in cauliflower using specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing. Frontiers in Plant Science7, 334.

Zhou Q, Zhou C, Zheng W, Mason A S, Fan S, Wu C, Fu D, Huang Y. 2017. Genome-wide SNP markers based on SLAF-Seq uncover breeding traces in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Frontiers in Plant Science8, 648.

[1] Rumeng Wang, Jinsong Luo, Jian Zeng, Yingying Xiong, Tianchu Shu, Dawei He, Zhongsong Liu, Zhenhua Zhang. BjuB05.GS1.4 promotes nitrogen assimilation and participates in the domestication of shoot nitrogen use efficiency in Brassica juncea[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(5): 1800-1812.
No Suggested Reading articles found!