Bai J S, Cao W D, Xiong J, Zeng N H, Gao S J, Katsuyoshi S. 2015. Integrated application of February Orchid (Orychophragmus violaceus) as green manure with chemical fertilizer for improving grain yield and reducing nitrogen losses in spring maize system in northern China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 14, 2490–2499.

BrandsaeTer L O, Heggen H, Riley H, Stubhaug E, Henriksen T M. 2008. Winter survival, biomass accumulation and N mineralization of winter annual and biennial legumes sown at various times of year in Northern Temperate Regions. European Journal of Agronomy, 28, 437–448.

Campbell C A, Zentner R P, Basnyat P, De Jong R, Lemke R, Desjardins R. 2008. Nitrogen mineralization under summer fallow and continuous wheat in the semiarid Canadian prairie. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 88, 681–696.

Carter M S, Sørensen P, Petersen S O, Ma X, Ambus P. 2014. Effects of green manure storage and incorporation methods on nitrogen release and N2O emissions after soil application. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 50, 1233–1246.

Coombs C, Lauzon J D, Deen B, Van Eerd L L. 2017. Legume cover crop management on nitrogen dynamics and yield in grain corn systems. Field Crops Research, 201, 75–85.

Cruz A F, Pires M D C, do Nascimento L K B, Ramos M L G, Oliveira S A, Blum L E B, Yamanishi O K. 2020. Cover cropping system and mulching can shape soil microbial status in fruit orchards. Scientia Agricola, 77, e20180316.

Danga B O, Ouma J P, Wakindiki I I C, Bar-Tal A. 2009. Legume–wheat rotation effects on residual soil moisture, nitrogen and wheat yield in tropical regions. Advances in Agronomy, 101, 315–349.

Delgado J A, Follett R F. 2011. Advances in nitrogen management for water quality. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 66, 25A–26A.

He W, Jiang R, He P, Yang J, Zhou W, Ma J. 2018. Estimating soil nitrogen balance at regional scale in China’s croplands from 1984 to 2014. Agricultural Systems, 167, 125–135.

Jarecki M K, Parkin T B, Chan A S, Kaspar T C, Moorman T B, Singer J W, Kerr B J, Hatfield J L, Jones R. 2009. Cover crop effects on nitrous oxide emission from a manure-treated Mollisol. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 134, 29–35.

Kuzyakov Y, Xu X. 2013. Competition between roots and microorganisms for nitrogen: Mechanisms and ecological relevance. New Phytologist, 198, 656–669.

Laberge G, Haussmann B, Ambus P, Hgh-Jensen H. 2011. Cowpea N rhizodeposition and its below-ground transfer to a co-existing and to a subsequent millet crop on a sandy soil of the Sudano-Sahelian eco-zone. Plant and Soil, 340, 369–382.

Li C X, Yuan G Y, Qi L, Li Y J, Cheng S F, Shang G Z, Kou T J, Li Y Y. 2023. Mung bean is better than soybean in the legume–wheat rotation system for soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration in calcareous soils of a semiarid region. Agronomy, 13, 2254.

Li P, Li Y B, Xu L Y, Zhang H J, Shen X S, Xu H F, Jiao J G, Li H X, Hu F. 2021. Crop yield–soil quality balance in double cropping in China’s upland by organic amendments: A meta-analysis. Geoderma, 403, 115197.

Li X X, Sorensen P, Li F C, Petersen S O, Olesen J E. 2015. Quantifying biological nitrogen fixation of different catch crops, and residual effects of roots and tops on nitrogen uptake in barley using in-situ 15N labelling. Plant and Soil, 395, 273–287.

Lv M, Huang M, Zhao K N, Gu X X, Li S Q, Wang J T, Yin F, Liu L, Jiao N Y, Fu G Z. 2023. Effects of partial substitution of organic fertilizer for synthetic N fertilizer on yield and N use efficiencies in a semiarid winter wheat–summer maize rotation. Agronomy, 13, 2281.

Lyu H Q, Li Y, Wang Y L, Wang F, Fan Z L, Hu F L, Yin W, Zhao C, Yu A Z, Chai Q. 2024a. No-tillage with total green manure mulching: A strategy to lower N2O emissions. Field Crops Research, 306, 109238.

Lyu H Q, Li Y, Wang Y L, Wang P F, Shang Y P, Yang X H, Wang F, Yu A Z. 2024b. Drive soil nitrogen transformation and improve crop nitrogen absorption and utilization - A review of green manure applications. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1305600.

Lyu H Q, Yu A Z, Chai Q. 2020a. Response of maize yield and water use to different green manure utilization patterns in arid oasis irrigation area. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 28, 671–679. (in Chinese)

Lü H Q, Yu A Z, Wang Y L, Su X X, Lü Y T, Chai Q. 2020b. Effect of green manure retention practices on nitrogen absorption and utilization by maize crops in arid oasis irrigation area. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 29, 93–103. (in Chinese)

Mancinelli R, Marinari S, Felice V D, Savin M C, Campiglia E. 2013. Soil property, CO2 emission and aridity index as agroecological indicators to assess the mineralization of cover crop green manure in a Mediterranean environment. Ecological Indicators, 34, 31–40.

Mccauley A M, Jones C A, Miller P R, Burgess M H, Zabinski C A. 2012. Nitrogen fixation by pea and lentil green manures in a semi-arid agroecoregion: Effect of planting and termination timing. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 92, 305–314.

Momesso L, Crusciol C A C, Cantarella H, Tanaka K S, Kowalchuk G A, Kuramae E E. 2022. Optimizing cover crop and fertilizer timing for high maize yield and nitrogen cycle control. Geoderma, 405, 115423.

Mueller T, Thorup-Kristensen K. 2001. N-fixation of selected green manure plants in an organic crop rotation. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 18, 345–363.

Naveen A, Hua W, Syam D, Michael D. 2020. Estimating risk premiums for adopting no-till and cover crops management practices in soybean production system using stochastic efficiency approach. Agricultural Systems, 178, 102744.

Portugal J R, Arf O, Buzetti S, Portugal A R P, Garcia N F S, Meirelles F C, Garé L M, Abrantes F L, Rodrigues R A F. 2020. Do cover crops improve the productivity and industrial quality of upland rice? Agronomy Journal, 112, 327–343.

Qiu L, Zhu H, Liu J, Yao Y, Wang X, Rong G, Zhao X, Shao M, Wei X. 2021. Soil erosion significantly reduces organic carbon and nitrogen mineralization in a simulated experiment. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 307, 107232.

Sievers T, Cook R L. 2017. Aboveground and root decomposition of cereal Rye and Hairy Vetch cover crops. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 82, 147–155.

Silva E C D, Muraoka T, Bastos A V S, Franzin V I, Bendassolli J A. 2020. Biomass and nutrient accumulation by cover crops and upland rice grown in succession under no-tillage system as affected by nitrogen fertilizer rate. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology, 23, 117–126.

Snapp S S, Swinton S M, Labarta R, Mutch D, Black J R, Leep R, Nyiraneza J, O’Neil K. 2005. Evaluating cover crops for benefits, costs and performance within cropping system niches. Agronomy Journal, 97, 322–332.

Vincent-Caboud L, Casagrande M, David C, Ryan M R, Silva E M, Peigne J. 2019. Using mulch from cover crops to facilitate organic no-till soybean and maize production. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 39, 39–45.

Vitousek P M, Porder S, Chadwick H O A. 2010. Terrestrial phosphorus limitation: Mechanisms, implications, and nitrogen–phosphorus interactions. Ecological Applications, 20, 5–15.

Wang P F, Yu A Z, Li Y, Wang Y L, Lyu H Q, Wang F, Shang Y P, Yang X H, Chai Q. 2024. Reducing nitrogen application by 20% under the condition of multiple cropping using green manure after wheat harvesting can mitigate carbon emission without sacrificing maize yield in arid areas. Field Crops Research, 306, 109232.

Wittwer R A, van der Heijden M G A. 2020. Cover crops as a tool to reduce reliance on intensive tillage and nitrogen fertilization in conventional arable cropping systems. Field Crops Research, 249, 107736.

Xie Z J, Tu S X, Shah F, Xu C X, Chen J R, Han D, Liu G R, Li H L, Muhammad I, Cao W D. 2016. Substitution of fertilizer-N by green manure improves the sustainability of yield in double-rice cropping system in South China. Field Crops Research, 188, 142–149.

Yang L, Bai J S, Zeng N H, Zhou X, Liao Y L, Lu Y H, Rees R M, Nie J, Cao W D. 2019. Diazotroph abundance and community structure are reshaped by straw return and mineral fertilizer in rice–rice–green manure rotation. Applied Soil Ecology, 136, 11–20.

Zhang D B, Yao P W, Zhao N, Wang Z, Yu C W, Cao Q H, Cao W D, Gao Y J. 2015. Responses of winter wheat production to green manure and nitrogen fertilizer on the Loess Plateau. Agronomy Journal, 107, 361–374.

Zhang D B, Yao P W, Zhao N, Yu C W, Cao W D, Gao Y J. 2016. Contribution of green manure legumes to nitrogen dynamics in traditional winter wheat cropping system in the Loess Plateau of China. European Journal of Agronomy, 72, 47–55.