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Journal of Integrative Agriculture
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Auxin stabilizes soybean seed development under post-flowering high-temperature stress and enhances plant tolerance

Fang Li1, Yutong Zhou1, Yikang Jiao1, Xin Liu1, Xintong Shi1, Yaxuan Chen1, Xin Wang1#, Shunli Zhou1, 2

1 College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

2 Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei, Wuqiao 061802, China

 Highlights 

Early seed development is highly sensitive to post-flowering high-temperature stress.

Suppressed cell metabolism and reduced auxin levels are determinants for seed developmental retardation under post-flowering high-temperature stress.

Exogenous auxin treatment mitigates heat-induced seed loss by enhancing cell division and expansion.

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摘要  

大豆种子发育异质性增加了其对花后高温胁迫响应的复杂性。为探究花后高温减产原因研究在主茎第一朵花开放后对植株进行了为期6天的高温处理。结果表明,高温胁迫显著降低了始花节的有效粒数减小了荚果及种子的大小与鲜重,抑制了荚果发育进程,并下调了与DNA复制、细胞分裂、脂质代谢次生代谢相关基因的表达进一步分析显示,生长素信号细胞周期因子构成调控种子发育的核心网络。高温抑制了细胞周期相关基因(如细胞周期蛋白、驱动蛋白、MAD2RAD)的表达,其中MAD2RAD含有生长素响应元件。同时,高温导致受精子房中的生长素含量显著下降外源施用生长素类似物萘乙酸可通过增加细胞数量和细胞大小缓解高温种子发育的不利影响此外,萘乙酸处理还提高高温条件下的结荚率、单株荚数、粒数和粒重。以上结果表明,在大豆种子发育过程中,高温胁迫通过降低内源生长素含量并抑制细胞周期进程,导致种子生长迟滞;而外源补充生长素能有效增强大豆对花后高温的适应能力。



Abstract  

Asynchronous seed development complicates soybean response to post-flowering high-temperature (HT) stress. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying HT-induced yield reduction after flowering, soybean plants were subjected to a six-day HT treatment in a greenhouse beginning at the opening of the first flower. HT reduced seed number and impaired pod and seed development at the initial flowering nodes, as evidenced by the decline in size and fresh weight. HT downregulated genes related to DNA replication, cell division, lipid metabolism, and secondary metabolism. Notably, auxin signaling and cell cycle factors emerged as central regulatory networks governing seed development. HT downregulated the expression of critical cell cycle components, including cyclinskinesinsMAD2, and RAD, the latter two containing auxin-responsive elements. Moreover, HT reduced auxin levels in fertilized ovaries, while exogenous auxin (0.1 nM 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid) treatment alleviated HT-induced seed developmental restriction, mainly by increasing cell number and size. Auxin treatment further improved pod set, pod and seed number, and grain weight under HT stress. These results suggest that the cell cycle suppression is determinant for growth retardation in synergy with reduced auxin levels in soybean seeds, and auxin supplementation could enhance soybean adaptation to post-flowering HT stress. 

Keywords:  auxin       cell cycle              post-flowering high temperature              seed development              soybean  
Online: 18 March 2026  
Fund: 

This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD2301500).

About author:  #Correspondence Xin Wang, E-mail: xinwang@cau.edu.cn

Cite this article: 

Fang Li, Yutong Zhou, Yikang Jiao, Xin Liu, Xintong Shi, Yaxuan Chen, Xin Wang, Shunli Zhou. 2026. Auxin stabilizes soybean seed development under post-flowering high-temperature stress and enhances plant tolerance. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Doi:10.1016/j.jia.2026.03.043

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