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Journal of Integrative Agriculture
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Dual-action biocontrol of Fusarium in wheat by Clonostachys: Perithecia suppression and systemic defense priming

Xin Zhang, Xinyuan Ding, Yuanzhe Li, Yixi Zhu, Yuying Wei, Ming Xu, Guanghui Wang#, Huiquan Liu#

State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China

 Highlights: 

1. Sporulation rate—not mycelial growth—predicts Clonostachys efficacy, redefining selection criteria for high-performance biocontrol agents.

2. Direct mycoparasitism of perithecia eliminates overwintering inoculum, breaking the Fusarium disease cycle at the source on crop residues.

3. Endophytic colonization primes systemic immunity, conferring broad-spectrum resistance against diverse soilborne and head-infecting pathogens. 

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摘要  

镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.)引发的小麦赤霉病和茎基腐病严重威胁全球粮食安全,开发绿色可持续的防控策略迫在眉睫。本研究从我国712市的多样化农业生态系统中分离出50株聚孢霉属(Clonostachys)真菌,系统评估了其对镰刀菌病害的防控潜力及作用机制。研究发现,产孢能力而非菌丝生长速度,是预测聚孢霉菌株抑制禾谷镰刀菌有性生殖的关键指标,为高效生防菌株的快速筛选提供了新依据。供试的多数优良菌株在实验室及田间条件下,均能有效抑制秸秆上子囊壳的形成。以粉红聚孢霉(C. roseaCanS41为代表的部分菌株,表现出显著的重寄生能力:其菌丝侵入子囊壳壁,破坏子囊及子囊孢子发育,将病原菌子囊壳转化为自身产孢载体。转录组分析证实,受寄生的禾谷镰刀菌激活了膜转运及DNA损伤修复等应激通路,表明其细胞膜完整性受损并面临基因毒性胁迫。此外,翠绿聚孢霉C. chloroleucaCc878等优良菌株展现了双重保护的综合优势。分生孢子浸种处理显示,此类菌株不仅有效防控茎基腐病,对小麦根腐病和全蚀病亦具广谱防效。显微观察证实,它们能定殖于小麦根内细胞间隙,建立稳定的内生关系;转录组分析进一步揭示,该定殖过程激活了MAPK信号通路和苯丙烷代谢途径,诱导植株进入免疫警戒状态。这种根际定殖 - 系统免疫模式赋予小麦系统性抗性,田间试验表明,无论接种时序如何,赤霉病病情指数均显著降低。全基因组测序发现,Cc878富含碳水化合物活性酶、分泌蛋白及次级代谢产物合成基因簇,为其复杂的生防机制奠定了遗传基础。本研究筛选出一批兼具高繁殖力与广谱防效的优良聚孢霉菌株,并揭示了一种集“源头减菌”与“免疫诱抗”于一体的双效防控策略。该策略突破了传统生防菌单一作用模式的局限:一方面靶向病原菌有性生殖关键环节以降低初始菌源,另一方面借助内生定殖激发寄主自身防御,实现了对地上部穗害和土传根病的全方位保护。研究成果为小麦镰刀菌病害的绿色防控提供了坚实的理论依据与核心生防资源,具有重要的科学价值与广阔的产业化应用前景。



Abstract  

Fusarium head blight (FHB) and crown rot (FCR) threaten global wheat production, demanding sustainable biocontrol solutions. We isolated 50 indigenous Clonostachys strains (C. chloroleuca, C. rosea, C. rogersoniana) from Chinese agroecosystems and identified key biocontrol traits. Critically, sporulation rate—not mycelial growth—correlates with Fusarium suppression efficacy, revolutionizing agent selection criteria. Five elite strains completely prevented perithecia formation on crop residues. Microscopy revealed direct mycoparasitism through perithecial wall adhesion and enzymatic destruction of asci/ascospores. Transcriptomics of parasitized perithecia showed Fusarium stress responses including ABC transporter induction, membrane remodeling, and DNA repair activation, confirming membrane damage and genotoxic stress. Strain Cc878 exhibited dual-mode protection: suppressing residue-borne inoculum while establishing root endophytism via seed treatment. This protected against multiple soilborne diseases (FCR, common root rot, take-all) without yield penalties and primed systemic immunity through MAPK/phenylpropanoid pathways. Genome analysis revealed extensive secretomes, CAZymes, and secondary metabolite clusters underpinning biocontrol mechanisms. This integrated strategy combining inoculum reduction with immunity priming provides a sustainable alternative to chemical fungicides for managing devastating Fusarium diseases in wheat production systems.

Keywords:  Clonostachys       Fusarium Head Blight              Fusarium Crown Rot              biological control              perithecia formation  
Online: 18 March 2026  
Fund: 

This study was supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFD1400100 and 2022YFA1304400) awarded to HL.

About author:  #Correspondence Huiquan Liu, E-mail: liuhuiquan@nwsuaf.edu.cn; Guanghui Wang, E-mail: wgh2891458@163.com

Cite this article: 

Xin Zhang, Xinyuan Ding, Yuanzhe Li, Yixi Zhu, Yuying Wei, Ming Xu, Guanghui Wang, Huiquan Liu. 2026. Dual-action biocontrol of Fusarium in wheat by Clonostachys: Perithecia suppression and systemic defense priming. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Doi:10.1016/j.jia.2026.03.039

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