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Amino acid compound fertilizer and 24-Epibrassinolide regulate starch accumulation and flour physicochemical properties of mid-summer fresh waxy maize: A case study from the Yangtze River Basin, China

Chenyang Jiang1*, Chao Yuan2*, Guoqing Chen3, Jian Guo1, Guanghao Li1, Dalei Lu1, 4#

1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

2 Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang 222006, China 

3 Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Science, Nantong 226012, China

4 Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

 Highlights 

Fertilization and exogenous regulators significantly enhance the yield and quality of mid-summer fresh waxy maize.

Combined application outperforms either factor alone, with amino acid compound fertilizer (AACF)+ 24-Epibrassinolide (BR) being most effective.

This combination reduced starch granule size and relative crystallinity, and improved flour physicochemical properties.

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摘要  

长江流域半夏鲜食糯玉米在籽粒灌浆期常遭受高温干旱,导致减产和品质变劣。本研究探讨了施肥和外源调节剂对半夏鲜食糯玉米产量和品质的综合影响。采用双因素田间试验,设两种施肥处理(常规复合肥(CCF)和氨基酸复合肥(AACF))和两种植物生长调节剂(6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)和24-表油菜素内酯(BR)),以及四种联合处理(CCF+6-BA、CCF+BR、AACF+6-BA  AACF+BR)。与对照(不施肥和不施外源调节剂)相比,施肥显著提高了鲜百粒重(HKW)、可溶性糖含量(SSC)、淀粉含量(SC)、蛋白质含量(PC)和糊化焓(∆Hgel),同时降低了平均淀粉粒径(ASGS)、相对结晶度(RC)、峰值粘度(PV)和回复值(SB)。AACF 的提升效果优于 CCF,使SYN5和SYN11的SC分别提高了 9.2%  13.4%。外源 6-BA  BR 处理显著提高了 SSC  SC,同时降低了 PC、ASGS  RC。BR 稳定地提高了∆Hgel,并降低回生值(SYN5 降低 5.1%,SYN11 降低 9.9%)。然而,6-BA  BR 对PV和崩解值的影响因品种而异。主成分分析表明,施肥和调节剂的联合处理对产量和籽粒品质的改善效果优于单因素处理,其中AACF+BR 的效果最显著。这些结果表明,在半夏气候条件下,氨基酸复合肥与 24-表油菜素内酯结合使用是稳定鲜食糯玉米品质的有效策略。



Abstract  

Mid-summer fresh waxy maize often suffers concurrent high temperature and drought during kernel filling in the Yangtze River Basin, causing yield losses and quality deterioration. This study investigated the combined effects of fertilization and exogenous regulators on mid-summer fresh waxy maize yield and quality. A two-factor field experiment was conducted with two fertilization treatments (conventional compound fertilizer (CCF), and amino acid compound fertilizer (AACF)), two plant growth regulators (6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 24-Epibrassinolide (BR)), and four co-treatments (CCF+6-BA, CCF+BR, AACF+6-BA, and AACF+BR). Compared with control (no fertilization and exogenous regulators), fertilization significantly increased fresh 100-kernel weight (HKW), soluble sugar content (SSC), starch content (SC), protein content (PC), and gelatinization enthalpy (∆Hgel), while it reduced average starch granule size (ASGS), relative crystallinity (RC), peak viscosity (PV), and setback viscosity (SB). AACF was more effective than CCF, increasing SC by 9.2% in SYN5 and by 13.4% in SYN11. Exogenous 6-BA and BR treatments significantly increased SSC and SC and decreased PC, ASGS, and RC. BR consistently increased ∆Hgel and reduced the retrogradation percentage (by 5.1% in SYN5 and by 9.9% in SYN11). However, the effects of 6-BA and BR on PV and breakdown viscosity depended on the variety. Principal component analysis showed that combined fertilization and regulator treatments produced greater improvements in yield and kernel quality than single-factor treatments, with AACF+BR having the strongest effect. These results demonstrated that coupling amino acid compound fertilizer with 24-Epibrassinolide was an effective strategy to stabilize quality under mid-summer climatic conditions in fresh waxy maize.

Keywords:  waxy maize       plant growth regulators              fertilization              kernel quality  
Online: 10 March 2026  
Fund: 

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32071958, 32372222), the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund, China [CX(23)1043], the Jiangsu Modern Agricultural Machinery Equipment and Technology Demonstration and Promotion, China (NJ2023-05), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China.

About author:  #Correspondence Dalei Lu, E-mail: dllu@yzu.edu.cn *These authors contributed equally to this work.

Cite this article: 

Chenyang Jiang, Chao Yuan, Guoqing Chen, Jian Guo, Guanghao Li, Dalei Lu. 2026. Amino acid compound fertilizer and 24-Epibrassinolide regulate starch accumulation and flour physicochemical properties of mid-summer fresh waxy maize: A case study from the Yangtze River Basin, China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Doi:10.1016/j.jia.2026.03.025

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