Abuelo A, Hernández J, Benedito J L, Castillo C. 2019. Redox biology in transition periods of dairy cattle: Role in the health of periparturient and neonatal animals. Antioxidants, 8, 20.

Anderson R A, Bryden N A, Polansky M M, Deuster P A. 1988. Exercise effects on chromium excretion of trained and untrained men consuming a constant diet. Journal of Applied Physiology, 64, 249–252.

AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. 9th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.

Banse H E, Frank N, Kwong G P S, McFarlane D. 2015. Relationship of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle with obesity and obesity associated hyperinsulinemia in horses. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 79, 329–338.

Bernhard B C, Burdick N C, Rounds W, Rathmann R J, Carroll J A, Finck D N, Jennings M A, Young T R, Johnson B J. 2012. Chromium supplementation alters the performance and health of feedlot cattle during the receiving period and enhances their metabolic response to a lipopolysaccharide challenge. Journal of Animal Science, 90, 3879–3888.

Brochine L, dos Santos F F, Moreira F M, de Zoppa A L, Leme P R, Tedeschi L O, Gallo S B. 2023. The impact of fetal programming in ewe nutrition with chromium propionate or calcium salts of palm oil on the meat quality and bone of the progeny. Biological Trace Element Research, 201, 2331–2340.

Burdick N C, Bernhard B C, Carroll J A, Rathmann R J, Johnson B J. 2012. Enhancement of the acute phase response to a lipopolysaccharide challenge in steers supplemented with chromium. Innate Immunity, 18, 592–601.

Cecerska-Heryć E, Polikowska A, Serwin N, Roszak M, Grygorcewicz B, Heryć R, Michalczyk A, Dołęgowska B. 2022. Importance of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and monitoring of patients with neuropsychiatric disorders, a review. Neurochemistry International, 153, 105269.

Charneca R, Vila-Viçosa J M, Infante P, Nunes J, Dividich L J. 2015. Colostrum production of Alentejano and Large-White×Landrace sows: Consumption, passive immunity and mortality of piglets. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 13, e0611.

Chen J F, Xing Y, Nie M, Xu M M, Huang H F, Xie H, Liao J H, Lin X, Duan J N, Zhang J X. 2024. Comparative effects of various dietary selenium sources on growth performance, meat quality, essential trace elements content, and antioxidant capacity in broilers. Poultry Science, 103, 104057.

Chen X L, Zeng Y B, Liu L X, Song Q L, Zou Z H, Wei Q P, Song W J. 2021. Effects of dietary chromium propionate on laying performance, egg quality, serum biochemical parameters and antioxidant status of laying ducks under heat stress. Animal, 15, 100081.

Debata N R, Sethy K, Swain R K, Mishra S K, Panda N, Maity S. 2023. Supplementation of nano-selenium (SeNPs) improved growth, immunity, antioxidant enzyme activity, and selenium retention in broiler chicken during summer season. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 55, 260.

Du L Y, Lu J B, Cui Z J, He M Y. 2006. Effect of supplementation chromium on reproductive performance in multiparous sows. Journal of Inner Mongolia Minzu University (Natural Science), 21, 53–56. (in Chinese)

Fasina Y O, Olowo Y L. 2013. Effect of a commercial yeast-based product (Maxigen®) on intestinal villi morphology and growth performance of broiler chickens. International Journal of Poultry Science, 12, 9–14.

Gentry L R, Fernandez J M, Ward T L, White T W, Southern L L, Bidner T D, Thompson D L, Horohov D W, Chapa A M, Sahlu T. 1999. Dietary protein and chromium tripicolinate in Suffolk wether lambs: Effects on production characteristics, metabolic and hormonal responses, and immune status. Journal of Animal Science, 77, 1284–1294.

Hayat K, Bodinga B M, Han D, Yang X, Sun Q Z, Aleya L, Abdel-Daim M M, Yang X J. 2020. Effects of dietary inclusion of chromium propionate on growth performance, intestinal health, immune response and nutrient transporter gene expression in broilers. Science of the Total Environment, 705, 135869.

He Z X, Sun Z H, Yang W Z, Beauchemin K A, Tang S X, Zhou C S, Han X F, Wang M, Kang J H, Tan Z L. 2014. Effects of maternal protein or energy restriction during late gestation on immune status and responses to lipopolysaccharide challenge in postnatal young goats. Journal of Animal Science, 92, 4856–4864.

Hernández-Castellano L E, Morales-delaNuez A, Sanchez-Macias D, Moreno-Indias I, Torres A, Capote J, Arguello A, Castro N. 2015a. The effect of colostrum source (goat vs. sheep) and timing of the first colostrum feeding (2h vs. 14h after birth) on body weight and immune status of artificially reared newborn lambs. Journal of Dairy Science, 98, 204–210.

Hernández-Castellano L E, Suarez-Trujillo A, Martell-Jaizme D, Cugno G, Arguello A, Castro N. 2015b. The effect of colostrum period management on BW and immune system in lambs: From birth to weaning. Animal, 9, 1672–1679.

Huang Y L, Luo Q H, Xiao F, Lin X, Spears J W. 2020. Research note: Responses of growth performance, immune traits, and small intestinal morphology to dietary supplementation of chromium propionate in heat-stressed broilers. Poultry Science, 99, 5070–5073.

Jia R L, Bao H Y. 2012. Effect of chromium methionine on the reproductive performance of sows. Feed Industry, 33, 57–58. (in Chinese)

Kegley E B, Spears J W. 1995. Immune response, glucose metabolism, and performance of stressed feeder calves fed inorganic or organic chromium. Journal of Animal Science, 73, 2721–2726.

Kerr N R, Mossman C W, Chou C H, Bunten J M, Kelty T J, Childs T E, Rector R S, Arnold W D, Grisanti L A, Du X W, Booth F W. 2024. Hindlimb immobilization induces insulin resistance and elevates mitochondrial ROS production in the hippocampus of female rats. Journal of Applied Physiology, 137, 512–526.

Khan R U, Naz S, Dhama K. 2014. Chromium: Pharmacological applications in heat stressed poultry. International Journal of Pharmacology, 10, 213–217.

Khanal P, Nielsen M O. 2017. Impacts of prenatal nutrition on animal production and performance: A focus on growth and metabolic and endocrine function in sheep. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 8, 1–14.

Kheiri F, Toghyani M. 2009. Effect of different levels of inorganic chromium on performance and immunity of broiler chicks. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 8, 1819–1823.

Lashkari S, Habibian M, Jensen S K. 2018. A review on the role of chromium supplementation in ruminant nutrition - effects on productive performance, blood metabolites, antioxidant status, and immunocompetence. Biological Trace Element Research, 186, 305–321.

Lei K W, Wu H, Spears J W, Lin X, Wang X, Bai X, Huang Y L. 2024. Responses of growth performance, antioxidant function, small intestinal morphology and mRNA expression of jejunal tight junction protein to dietary iron in yellow-feathered broilers. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 23, 1329–1337.

Lei X G, Zhu J H, Cheng W H, Bao Y, Ho Y S, Reddi A R, Holmgren A, Arnér E S. 2016. Paradoxical roles of antioxidant enzymes: Basic mechanisms and health implications. Physiological Reviews, 96, 307–364.

Li X C, Zhao W J, Zhang F F, Chen H C, Feng Q K, Huang S Wang G. 2012. Effect of chromium on the reproductive performance of SPF-rated New Zealand rabbits. Laboratory Animal Science, 29, 26–28. (in Chinese)

Lien T F, Horng Y M, Yang K H. 1999. Performance, serum characteristics, carcase traits and lipid metabolism of broilers as affected by supplement of chromium picolinate. British Poultry Science, 40, 357–363.

Lindemann M D, Carter S D, Chiba L I, Dove C R, LeMieux F M, Southern L L. 2004. A regional evaluation of chromium tripicolinate supplementation of diets fed to reproducing sows. Journal of Animal Science, 82, 2972–2977.

Lloyd K E, Fellner V, McLeod S J, Fry R S, Krafka K, Lamptey A, Spears J W. 2010. Effects of supplementing dairy cows with chromium propionate on milk and tissue chromium concentrations. Journal of Dairy Science, 93, 4774–4780.

Lu L, Zhao L L, Dong S Y, Liao X D, Dong X Y, Zhang L Y, Luo X G. 2019. Dietary supplementation of organic or inorganic chromium modulates the immune responses of broilers vaccinated with Avian influenza virus vaccine. Animal, 13, 983–991.

Ma J, Mahfuz S, Wang J, Piao X. 2021. Effect of dietary supplementation with mixed organic acids on immune function, antioxidative characteristics, digestive enzymes activity, and intestinal health in broiler chickens. Frontiers in Nutrition, 8, 673316.

Mekuriaw Y. 2023. Negative energy balance and its implication on productive and reproductive performance of early lactating dairy cows. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 51, 220–229.

Moonsie-Shageer S, Mowat D N. 1993. Effect of level of supplemental chromium on performance, serum constituents, and immune status of stressed feeder calves. Journal of Animal Science, 71, 232–238.

Mousaie A, Valizadeh R, Chamsaz M. 2017. Selenium-methionine and chromium-methionine supplementation of sheep around parturition: Impacts on dam and offspring performance. Archives of Animal Nutrition, 71, 134–149.

Nouri M, Zarrin M, Ahmadpour A, Castro N, González-Cabrera M, Hernández-Castellano L E. 2023. Feed restriction around parturition does not affect colostrum immunoglobulin G concentration in dairy fat-tailed sheep but does affect performance and blood metabolites in newborn lambs. Journal of Dairy Science, 106, 2980–2988.

NRC (National Research Council). 2007. Nutrient Requirements of Goats. 7th ed. National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.

Pechova A, Pavlata L. 2007. Chromium as an essential nutrient: A review. Veterinarni Medicina, 52, 1–18.

Ranneh Y, Akim A M, Hamid H A, Khazaai H, Fadel A, Mahmoud A M. 2019. Stingless bee honey protects against lipopolysaccharide induced-chronic subclinical systemic inflammation and oxidative stress by modulating Nrf2, NF-κB and p38 MAPK. Nutrition and Metabolism, 16, 1–17.

Real D E, Nelssen J L, Tokach M D, Goodband R D, Dritz S S, Woodworth J C, Owen K Q. 2008. Additive effects of L-carnitine and chromium picolinate on sow reproductive performance. Livestock Science, 116, 63–69.

Rodríguez C, Castro N, Capote J, Morales-DelaNuez A, Moreno-Indias I, Sánchez-Macías D, Argüello A. 2009. Effect of colostrum immunoglobulin concentration on immunity in Majorera goat kids. Journal of Dairy Science, 92, 1696–1701.

Sahin K, Ozbey O, Onderci M, Cikim G, Aysondu M H. 2002. Chromium supplementation can alleviate negative effects of heat stress on egg production, egg quality and some serum metabolites of laying Japanese quail. The Journal of nutrition, 132, 1265–1268.

Sahin N, Akdemir F, Tuzcu M, Hayirli A, Smith M O, Sahin K. 2010. Effects of supplemental chromium sources and levels on performance, lipid peroxidation and proinflammatory markers in heat-stressed quails. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 159, 143–149.

Sahin N, Sahin K, Onderci M, Gursu M F, Cikim G, Vijaya J, Kucuk O. 2005. Chromium picolinate, rather than biotin, alleviates performance and metabolic parameters in heat-stressed quail. British Poultry Science, 46, 457–463.

Sands J S, Smith M O. 1999. Broilers in heat stress conditions: Effects of dietary manganese proteinate or chromium picolinate supplementation. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 8, 280–287

SAS (Statistical Analysis System). 2008. Institute SAS/STAT version 9.2 User's Guide. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.

Seifalinasab A, Mousaie A, Doomary H. 2022. Dietary high chromium-methionine supplementation in summer-exposed finishing lambs: Impacts on feed intake, growth performance, and blood cells, antioxidants, and minerals. Biological Trace Element Research, 200, 156–163.

Sordillo L M, Aitken S L. 2009. Impact of oxidative stress on the health and immune function of dairy cattle. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 128, 104–109.

Spears J W. 2019. Boron, chromium, manganese, and nickel in agricultural animal production. Biological Trace Element Research, 188, 35–44.

Spears J W, Lloyd K E, Krafka K, Hyda J, Grime J L. 2024. Research note: Chromium propionate for turkeys: Effect on tissue chromium concentrations and human food safety. Poultry Science, 103, 103196.

Spears J W, Lloyd K E, Pickworth C A, Huang Y L, Krafka K, Hyda J, Grime J L. 2019. Chromium propionate in broilers: Human food and broiler safety. Poultry Science, 98, 6579–6585.

Spears J W, Lloyd K E, Siciliano P, Pratt-Phillips S, Goertzen E W, McLeod S J, Moore J, Krafka K, Hyda J, Rounds W. 2020. Chromium propionate increases insulin sensitivity in horses following oral and intravenous carbohydrate administration. Journal of Animal Science, 98, skaa095.

Staniek H, Krejpcio Z. 2009. The effects of tricentric chromium (III) propionate complex supplementation on pregnancy outcome and maternal and foetal mineral status in rat. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47, 2673–2678.

Takeuchi Y, Kikusui T, Mori Y. 1995. Changes in the behavioral parameters following the lipopolysaccharide administration in goats. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 57, 1041–1044.

Vincent J B. 2001. The bioinorganic chemistry of chromium (III). Polyhedron, 20,1–26.

Wang M Q, Wang C, Li H, Du Y J, Tao W J, Ye S S, He Y D. 2012. Effects of chromium-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on growth, blood metabolites, immune traits and tissue chromium in finishing pigs. Biological Trace Element Research, 149, 197–203.

Zha L Y, Zeng J W, Chu X W, Mao L M, Luo H J. 2009. Efficacy of trivalent chromium on growth performance, carcass characteristics and tissue chromium in heat-stressed broiler chicks. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 89, 1782–1786.

Zhang L L, Gu X L, Wang J, Liao S, Duan Y H, Li H, Song Z H, He X, Fan Z Y. 2021. Effects of dietary isomaltooligosaccharide levels on the gut microbiota, immune function of sows, and the diarrhea rate of their offspring. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 588986.

Zhang Q Q, Zhang H T, Jiang Y K, Wang J P, Wu D, Wu C M, Che L Q, Lin Y, Zhuo Y, Luo Z, Nie K K, Li J. 2024. Chromium propionate supplementation to energy-and protein-reduced diets reduces feed consumption but improves feed conversion ratio of yellow feathered male broilers in the early period and improves meat quality. Poultry Science, 103, 103260.

Zhang Y M, Ao D, Lei K W, Lin X, Spears J W, Shi H T, Huang Y L, Yang F L. 2023. Dietary copper supplementation modulates performance and lipid metabolism in meat goat kids. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 22, 214–221.