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| Substituting nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer with optimal amount of crop straw improved rice grain yield, nutrient use efficiency and soil carbon sequestration |
XIE Jun1, Blagodatskaya EVGENIA2, 3, ZHANG Yu1, WAN Yu4, HU Qi-juan1, ZHANG Cheng-ming5, WANG Jie1, ZHANG Yue-qiang1, SHI Xiao-jun1
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1 College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, P.R.China
2 Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ–Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle 06120, Germany
3 Agro-Technological Institute, RUDN University, Moscow 117198, Russia
4 School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, P.R.China
5 Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
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摘要
秸秆还田是实现农学和环境双赢的重要途径。然而，在表层土壤（0-20 cm）中，最佳稻草替代氮磷肥料量仍不清楚。因此，我们在 2016-2018年进行了三年的田间试验，探讨不同秸秆用量替代肥料中氮磷对水稻收获后土壤理化性质、土壤有机碳（SOC）储量、土壤氮残留、土壤磷残留、水稻产量、产量构成、氮（N）肥利用效率和磷（ P) 肥利用效率的影响。与单施化肥相比，5 t ha-1秸秆替代氮磷肥提高了水稻穗粒数、有效穗数、结实率、千粒重和籽粒产量，也增加了水稻地上氮磷养分吸收量。同时，秸秆用量超过 2.5 t ha-1 比单施化肥处理增加了土壤有效氮磷钾含量。此外，与单施化肥处理相比，所有秸秆替代氮磷处理均提高了土壤有机碳储存量。相比单施化肥处理，5 t ha-1秸秆替代氮磷肥使土壤中氮残留和磷残留分别减少了 68.3% 和 28.9%。同时，水稻地上氮磷养分吸收和土壤理化性质共同解释了19.3%的水稻籽粒产量和产量构成的变化。综上，5 t ha-1秸秆替代氮磷肥是一种合理的施肥制度，不仅可以提高土壤理化性质、土壤有机碳固存、水稻产量、产量构成、氮肥利用效率和磷肥利用效率，同时可以降低环境污染的风险。
Abstract
Crop straw return after harvest is considered an important way to achieve both agronomic and environmental benefits. However, the appropriate amount of straw to substitute for fertilizer remains unclear. A field experiment was performed from 2016 to 2018 to explore the effect of different amounts of straw to substitute for fertilizer on soil properties, soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, grain yield, yield components, nitrogen (N) use efficiency, phosphorus (P) use efficiency, N surplus, and P surplus after rice harvesting. Relative to mineral fertilization alone, straw substitution at 5 t ha–1 improved the number of spikelets per panicle, effective panicle, seed setting rate, 1 000-grain weight, and grain yield, and also increased the aboveground N and P uptake in rice. Straw substitution exceeding 2.5 t ha–1 increased the soil available N, P, and K concentrations as compared with mineral fertilization, and different amounts of straw substitution improved SOC storage compared with mineral fertilization. Furthermore, straw substitution at 5 t ha–1 decreased the N surplus and P surplus by up to 68.3 and 28.9%, respectively, compared to mineral fertilization. Rice aboveground N and P uptake and soil properties together contributed 19.3% to the variation in rice grain yield and yield components. Straw substitution at 5 t ha–1, an optimal fertilization regime, improved soil properties, SOC storage, grain yield, yield components, N use efficiency (NUE), and P use efficiency (PUE) while simultaneously decreasing the risk of environmental contamination.
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Received: 14 September 2021
Accepted: 21 November 2021
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| Fund:
This work was supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-22; Green manure).
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| About author: XIE Jun, E-mail: xiejunwangyi@163.com; Correspondence SHI Xiao-jun, Tel: +86-23-68250146, E-mail: shixj@swu.edu.cn |
Cite this article:
XIE Jun, Blagodatskaya EVGENIA, ZHANG Yu, WAN Yu, HU Qi-juan, ZHANG Cheng-ming, WANG Jie, ZHANG Yue-qiang, SHI Xiao-jun.
2022.
Substituting nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer with optimal amount of crop straw improved rice grain yield, nutrient use efficiency and soil carbon sequestration. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 21(11): 3345-3355.
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