Effects of CO2 enrichment and spikelet removal on rice quality under open-air field conditions

doi:10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61245-X

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

2016, Vol. 15

Issue (9): 2012-2022 DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61245-X

Physiology·Biochemistry·Cultivation·Tillage

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Effects of CO₂ enrichment and spikelet removal on rice quality under open-air field conditions

JING Li-quan¹, WU Yan-zhen¹, ZHUANG Shi-teng¹, WANG Yun-xia², ZHU Jian-guo³, WANG Yu-long¹, YANG Lian-xin¹

¹ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P.R.China
² College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P.R.China
³ State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture/Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P.R.China

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Abstract The increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration adversely affect several quality traits of rice grains, but the biochemical mechanism remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to determine how changes in the source-sink relationship affected rice quality. Source-sink manipulation was achieved by free-air CO₂ enrichment from tillering to maturity and partial removal of spikelet at anthesis using a japonica rice cultivar Wuyunjing 23. Enrichment with CO₂ decreased the head rice percentage and protein concentration of milled rice, but increased the grain chalkiness. In contrast, spikelet removal resulted in a dramatic increase in the head rice percentage and protein concentration, and much less grain chalkiness. Neither CO₂ enrichment nor spikelet removal affected the starch content, but the distribution of starch granule size showed distinct treatment effects. On average, spikelet removal decreased the percentage of starch granules of diameter >10 and 5–10 μm by 23.6 and 5.6%, respectively, and increased those with a diameter of 2–5 and <2 μm by 4.6 and 3.3%, respectively. In contrast, CO₂ elevation showed an opposite response: increasing the proportion of large starch granules (>5 μm) and decreasing that of <5 μm. The starch pasting properties were affected by spikelet removal much more than by CO₂ elevation. These results indicated that the protein concentration and starch granule size played a role in chalkiness formation under these experimental conditions.

Keywords: rice free-air CO₂ enrichment sink removal quality starch granule size

Received: 21 September 2015 Accepted:

Fund:

This work was funded jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31171460, 31371563, 31571597, 31471437, 31261140364), the Major Fundamental Research Program of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China (11KJA210003), the Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds, China (1501077C), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2015M581870), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China.

Corresponding Authors: YANG Lian-xin, Mobile: +86-18061839366, Tel/Fax: +86-514-87977430, E-mail: lxyang@yzu.edu.cn

About author: JING Li-quan, E-mail: lqjing@yzu.edu.cn;

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JING Li-quan, WU Yan-zhen, ZHUANG Shi-teng, WANG Yun-xia, ZHU Jian-guo, WANG Yu-long, YANG Lian-xin. 2016. Effects of CO₂ enrichment and spikelet removal on rice quality under open-air field conditions. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 15(9): 2012-2022.

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