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Journal of Integrative Agriculture  2016, Vol. 15 Issue (9): 2012-2022    DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61245-X
Physiology·Biochemistry·Cultivation·Tillage Advanced Online Publication | Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search |
Effects of CO2 enrichment and spikelet removal on rice quality under open-air field conditions
JING Li-quan1, WU Yan-zhen1, ZHUANG Shi-teng1, WANG Yun-xia2, ZHU Jian-guo3, WANG Yu-long1, YANG Lian-xin1
1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P.R.China
2 College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P.R.China
3 State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture/Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P.R.China
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Abstract      The increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration adversely affect several quality traits of rice grains, but the biochemical mechanism remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to determine how changes in the source-sink relationship affected rice quality. Source-sink manipulation was achieved by free-air CO2 enrichment from tillering to maturity and partial removal of spikelet at anthesis using a japonica rice cultivar Wuyunjing 23. Enrichment with CO2 decreased the head rice percentage and protein concentration of milled rice, but increased the grain chalkiness. In contrast, spikelet removal resulted in a dramatic increase in the head rice percentage and protein concentration, and much less grain chalkiness. Neither CO2 enrichment nor spikelet removal affected the starch content, but the distribution of starch granule size showed distinct treatment effects. On average, spikelet removal decreased the percentage of starch granules of diameter >10 and 5–10 μm by 23.6 and 5.6%, respectively, and increased those with a diameter of 2–5 and <2 μm by 4.6 and 3.3%, respectively. In contrast, CO2 elevation showed an opposite response: increasing the proportion of large starch granules (>5 μm) and decreasing that of <5 μm. The starch pasting properties were affected by spikelet removal much more than by CO2 elevation. These results indicated that the protein concentration and starch granule size played a role in chalkiness formation under these experimental conditions.
Keywords:  rice        free-air CO2 enrichment        sink removal        quality        starch granule size  
Received: 21 September 2015   Accepted:
Fund: 

This work was funded jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31171460, 31371563, 31571597, 31471437, 31261140364), the Major Fundamental Research Program of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China (11KJA210003), the Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds, China (1501077C), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2015M581870), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China.

Corresponding Authors:  YANG Lian-xin, Mobile: +86-18061839366, Tel/Fax: +86-514-87977430, E-mail: lxyang@yzu.edu.cn    
About author:  JING Li-quan, E-mail: lqjing@yzu.edu.cn;

Cite this article: 

JING Li-quan, WU Yan-zhen, ZHUANG Shi-teng, WANG Yun-xia, ZHU Jian-guo, WANG Yu-long, YANG Lian-xin. 2016. Effects of CO2 enrichment and spikelet removal on rice quality under open-air field conditions. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 15(9): 2012-2022.

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