植物抗病遗传Plant Disease-resistance Genetics

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1. Horizontal gene transfer of a syp homolog contributes to the virulence of Burkholderia glumae
WANG Sai, WANG Pei-hong, NIE Wen-han, CUI Zhou-qi, LI Hong-yu, WU Yan, Ayizekeranmu YIMING, FU Luo-yi, Iftikhar AHMAD, CHEN Gong-you, ZHU Bo
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (12): 3222-3229.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63553-5
摘要176)      PDF    收藏

水稻细菌性穗枯病又称水稻细菌性谷枯病,是一种由颖壳伯克氏菌 (Burkholderia glumae) 引起的严重的水稻种传病害,对全球水稻生产和食品安全造成了巨大威胁。由于缺乏对B. glumae在植物宿主中的适应性和发病机制的深入了解,迄今生产上还没有有效的防治措施。水平基因转移 (HGT) 已被证明是原核生物进化的主要驱动力。先前对60个Burkholderia全基因组的比较分析推断,大多数Burkholderia基因在其进化过程中至少经历过一次HGT,并在其菌株分化和致病性决定因素中起着重要作用。在本研究中,我们通过对LMG 2196菌株进行全基因组分析,鉴定到了42个潜在的水平转移基因。其中,一个注释为非核糖体肽合成酶(KS03_RS09665)的基因被确定为候选基因。进一步通过系统进化树的建立,发现该基因仅出现在与植物致病相关的Burkholderia菌属,并且在进化分枝上更接近于假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)中编码丁香肽合成酶(SypA)的sypA基因。为研究该基因在B. glumae致病性中的潜在作用,我们构建了syp基因缺失突变株。表型观察结果表明,sypA基因参与调控了该病菌的游动性、生物膜的形成、类似丁香肽代谢物的合成和致病性等重要生理表型。其中,与野生型菌株接种稻穗相比,sypA突变体接种稻穗后发病指数降低了20%。另外,与野生型菌株相比,sypA缺失突变菌株表现为游动能力显著下降、生物膜形成和类似丁香肽代谢物的合成受到抑制。综上所述,本研究探讨了水平转移基因sypA在颖壳伯克氏菌毒力中的作用。结果表明,sypA基因可能参与了颖壳伯克氏菌毒性物质丁香肽的合成,并且正向调控了其游动性和生物膜的形成,从而参与了颖壳伯克氏菌的致病力。本研究的结果强调了在颖壳伯克氏菌进化过程中,HGT现象对其毒力和适应性影响的可能性。


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2. Bioinformatic analysis and functional characterization of CFEM proteins in Setosphaeria turcica
WANG Jian-xia, LONG Feng, ZHU Hang, ZHANG Yan, WU Jian-ying, SHEN Shen, DONG Jin-gao, HAO Zhi-min
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (9): 2438-2449.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63342-1
摘要263)      PDF    收藏

本研究在引起北方玉米叶枯病的半活体性营养真菌——玉米大斑病菌(Setosphaeria turcica)基因组中鉴定了13个StCFEM蛋白。CFEM结构域的序列比对和WebLogo分析表明,StCFEM氨基酸高度保守,除StCFEM1、2、3和6外,整体上含有8个典型的半胱氨酸;系统发育分析表明,根据有无跨膜结构域的存在,13个蛋白(StCFEM1-13)可分为2个分支,其中6个有信号肽且无跨膜结构域的StCFEM蛋白(StCFEM3, 4, 5, 10, 12, 13)被假定为候选效应蛋白;对蛋白三级结构进行预测,发现候选效应蛋白的CFEM结构域可以形成螺旋结构,与白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)Csa2同源;进一步利用pSuc2t7M13or酵母分泌系统验证效应蛋白的分泌功能,结果发现6个候选效应蛋白均具有分泌能力,鉴定为分泌蛋白;转录组分析表明,6个候选基因在真菌侵染过程中不同时期均表达,其中SCFEM3、4、5和12在附着胞形成时期高度表达;我们还发现StCFEM3、4和5对BAX/INF诱导的本氏烟草程序性细胞死亡(PCD)没有影响,而StCFEM12可以抑制INF诱导的PCD,但对BAX诱导的PCD没有影响。本研究发现玉米大斑病菌(S. turcica )CFEM蛋白家族共有13个成员,鉴定StCFEM12为候选效应子,为阐明CFEM蛋白在植物原发病过程中的作用奠定了基础。


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3. The TaFIM1 gene mediates wheat resistance against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and responds to abiotic stress
SHI Bei-bei, WANG Juan, GAO Hai-feng, ZHANG Xiao-juan, WANG Yang, MA Qing
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (7): 1849-1857.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63276-2
摘要144)      PDF    收藏

丝束蛋白(fimbrin)是肌动蛋白细胞骨架的调节因子,参与并控制多种组织和细胞的生理生化和发育过程。然而,fimbrin在对病原菌防御中,特别是在小麦抗条锈病中的作用研究匮乏,其机制尚待阐明。本研究以小麦品种水源11(Suwon 11)与条锈菌(Puccinia striiformis f. sp. triticiPst)生理小种CYR23组成非亲和互作,与生理小种CYR31组成成亲和互作,利用实时荧光定量 PCR 技术(qRT-PCR)对TaFIM1基因参与小麦抗条锈病的功能进行初步分析;对在非生物胁迫和施用外源激素处理TaFIM1基因的表达特征进行分析;通过病毒诱导的基因沉默(BSMV-VIGS)技术,验证TaFIM1在小麦抗条锈病中的功能。获得以下研究结果:TaFIM1在非亲和互作中的表达量显著上调,且在48 h表达量达到峰值,是对照0 h的6.0倍;在亲和互作中,TaFIM1的表达量无明显变化。TaFIM1能够响应不同非生物胁迫,在高温(Hot)、低温(Cool)、盐(NaCl)和干旱(PEG6000)胁迫下诱导TaFIM1基因表达量上调。BSMV-VIGS试验结果显示,借助大麦条纹花叶病毒对TaFIM1基因进行诱导沉默。对沉默成功的小麦植株分别接种条锈菌CYR23和CYR31。在非亲和互作中,沉默植株的抗病性降低,叶片上出现少量的夏孢子堆;在亲和互作中,与对照相比,叶片上的夏孢子堆数量增加,沉默植株的感病性增强。组织学观察发现,在48 h和120 h,TaFIM1沉默植株叶片中菌丝分支数和菌丝长度高于对照,在120 h基因沉默植株叶片中菌落面积显著高于对照组,表明TaFIM1沉默后小麦植株与对照相比感病性增强,进一步说明TaFIM1参与植物的抗病性。因此,TaFIM1与植物抗病性相关,在小麦抵抗条锈病的侵染过程中响应正调控作用。本研究为理解fimbrin在小麦中的作用提供了新的见解。


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4. Two novel gene-specific markers at the Pik locus facilitate the application of rice blast resistant alleles in breeding
TIAN Da-gang, CHEN Zi-qiang, LIN Yan, CHEN Zai-jie, LUO Jia-mi, JI Ping-sheng, YANG Li-ming, WANG Zong-hua, WANG Feng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (6): 1554-1562.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63272-5
摘要153)      PDF    收藏

由稻瘟病菌引起的稻瘟病,是一种制约世界水稻生产的真菌病害。长期的生产实践表明,将持久广谱的抗性基因导入高产水稻品种,是防治该病害的首选。位于第11号染色体上的抗瘟基因 Pik 基因座,至少含有 Pi-1、Pik-h、Pi-k、Pik-m、Pik-s和Pik-p等6个重要的抗病基因;但由于当前缺乏适用的分子标记,限制了该基因座功能基因在抗病育种中的广泛应用。为了更好地在分子育种中利用该基因座的功能基因,开发Pik 基因座功能基因的特异性标记并用其分型种质资源具有重要意义。基于此,本研究通过对Pi-1、Pik-h、Pi-k、Pik-m、Pik-s、Pik-p等功能基因和非功能基因位点之间的序列广泛比较,获得了一个在这些功能基因启动子区-1015-bp处Pik-p缺失19-bp和一个在这些功能基因末端+6816-bp处Pi-1插入11-bp的的多态性位点,并据此分别开发出两个能精确区分出Pik-p、Pi-1和K型功能等位位点的Pikp-Del和Pi1-In标记;进一步通过结合稻瘟病菌室内接种和已有的dCAPS标记Pi1FNP和dCAPS-795鉴定,对这两个标记鉴定结果的准确性进行了评价。结果显示,我们鉴定的基因型与稻瘟病人工接种抗性表现和两个dCAPS标记的鉴定的结果完全一致。另外,我们还利用Pikp-Del和Pi1-In标记对531份水稻品种和育种材料进行了基因分型,结果表明,5份材料含有Pik-p基因,8份材料含有Pi-1基因,说明这两个基因在我国水稻稻瘟病抗性育种中还没有被充分利用;另外还有256份携带K型等位基因,这些材料可作为抗稻瘟病育种的种质资源。综上,Pikp-Del和Pi1-In标记可以实现对Pik-p、Pi-1和K型功能等位基因的精准检测,结合标记分型的种质资源,将会加速Pik-p 和Pi-1以及Pik 基因座的其它功能基因在抗病育种中的应用。


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5. Identification of leaf rust resistance genes in common wheat varieties from China and foreign countries
LIU Yuan, Takele Weldu GEBREWAHID, ZHANG Pei-pei, LI Zai-feng, LIU Da-qun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (5): 1302-1313.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63371-8
摘要187)      PDF    收藏

小麦叶锈病是危害小麦最严重的病害之一,该病由小麦叶锈菌(Puccinia recondite f. sp. tritici)引起,侵染小麦叶片,严重影响小麦光合作用从而造成减产,培育和利用小麦抗叶锈病品种是最为经济有效的防治措施。为鉴定国内外普通小麦材料中所携带的抗病基因并了解其组成背景,发掘新的抗叶锈病基因,本研究结合基因推导、分子标记检测等方法对66个来自世界不同国家的普通小麦品种(系)进行了抗叶锈病基因鉴定。在苗期接种17个不同毒力的小麦叶锈菌生理小种,通过与36个含有单个已知抗病基因的载体品种抗性比较进行基因推导。同时,利用12个与已知抗病基因紧密连锁的分子标记对供试品种(系)进行基因标记检测,以验证基因推导结果。在河南周口(2016-2017年度)、河北保定(2017-2018年度)两地对66个供试品种(系)进行小麦叶锈病田间叶锈抗性调查,利用SAS软件对鉴定数据进行分析,以筛选出具有成株慢锈性的品种。结果表明,在66个供试品种(系)中,12个品种(系)含有Lr1,4个品种(系)含有Lr26,3个品种含有Lr10,2个品种含有Lr20,2个品种含有Lr17。通过成株抗病基因分子标记检测发现,14个品种(系)含有Lr34,5个品种含有Lr46,3个品种(系)含有Lr37。结合田间调查结果发现,有17个品种(系)具有成株慢锈性。这些含有已知抗病基因的品种及慢锈性品种将丰富我国现有的小麦种质资源,有利于培育抗病品种,同时为利用基因布局防治小麦叶锈病提供遗传学依据。


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6. Jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling pathways participate in the defense response of Chinese cabbage to Pectobacterium carotovorum infection
CHEN Chang-long, YUAN Fang, LI Xiao-ying, MA Rong-cai, XIE Hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (5): 1314-1326.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63267-1
摘要108)      PDF    收藏

胡萝卜果胶杆菌Pectobacterium carotovorum (Pc)引发的软腐病对大白菜(Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis)危害严重。为探索大白菜响应胡萝卜果胶杆菌侵染的防御反应机制,本研究构建了Pc侵染大白菜的抑制消减(SSH)文库,共获得1,919个非冗余表达序列标签(ESTs)。采用ESTs进行cDNA芯片杂交,与接种无菌水的对照大白菜相比,在接种Pc后不同时间点的大白菜中共检测到800个差异表达基因(DEGs),通过实时荧光定量PCR和半定量PCR对部分差异表达基因进行表达检测,结果与芯片杂交结果基本一致,验证了芯片杂交结果的可靠性。通过MapMan软件进行可视化分析发现,1/4的差异表达基因可能参与植物的生物胁迫通路。其中,分别有8、8、1、3和2个差异表达基因与茉莉酸(JA)、乙烯(ET)、茉莉酸&乙烯、生长素和脱落酸(ABA)信号通路有关,然而并未检测到与水杨酸(SA)信号通路相关的差异表达基因。对胡萝卜果胶杆菌侵染大白菜叶片中产生的激素水平进行检测,发现茉莉酸和乙烯水平增加,而水杨酸水平降低。对大白菜进行激素处理后接种胡萝卜果胶杆菌,发现茉莉酸(JA)、茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)、乙烯前体1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC)或它们的组合(MeJA+ACC、JA+ACC)的处理,相比于对照(无菌水处理),可以减轻软腐病的发病严重程度,其中JA和JA+ACC的处理效果最为明显且其效果相当。这些研究表明茉莉酸和乙烯信号通路可能在Pc侵染大白菜过程中协同作用以抵御Pc,且茉莉酸介导的信号通路作用可能更加强烈。本研究对大白菜响应软腐病的防御反应机制进行了初步解析,对大白菜抗病分子育种和软腐病防治策略的开发具有重要理论价值。


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7. Identification and resistant characterization of legumes sources against Meloidogyne incognita #br#
Pornthip RUANPANUN, Prakit SOMTA
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (1): 168-177.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63414-1
摘要117)      PDF    收藏
Root-knot nematodes (RKNs; Meloidogyne spp.) are becoming a serious problem in legume production.  This study identified Vigna genotypes exhibiting resistance to M. incognita (RKN) and characterized the modes of the resistance to M. incognita.  In total, 279 accessions from 21 Vigna species were screened for resistance based on a galling index (GI) and an egg mass index (EI).  Seven accessions were highly resistant to RKN with GI≤25, namely JP74716 (V. mungo var. mungo; cultivated black gram), JP107881 (V. nepalensis), JP229392 (V. radiata var. sublobata; wild mungbean), AusTRCF118141 (V. unguiculata subsp. unguiculata; cultivated cowpea), AusTRCF306385 (V. unguiculata subsp. unguiculata), AusTRCF322090 (V. vexillata var. vexillata; wild zombi pea) and JP235929 (V. vexillata var. vexillata).  JP229392 and AusTRCF322090 were the most resistant accessions having EI values of 18.74 and 1.88, respectively.  Continuous culture of M. incognita on both JP229392 and AusTRCF322090 resulted in a weakness in pathogenic ability for this RKN.  The resistance in JP229392 and AusTRCF322090 to RKN appeared to be antibiosis that was associated with reduced nematode penetration, retardation of nematode development and impeding giant cell formation.  The Vigna germplasm resistance to RKN identified in this study could be utilized as gene sources for the development of RKN-resistant Vigna cultivars.
 
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8. Diversity in metagenomic sequences reveals new pathogenic fungus associated with smut in Job’s tears
LI Xiang-dong, SHI Ming, PAN Hong, LU Xiu-juan, WEI Xin-yuan, LU Ping, LIAN Qi-xian, FU Yu-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (9): 2257-2264.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63164-1
摘要128)      PDF    收藏
Smut is a serious disease in Job’s tears, also known as adlay, and contributes to the reduction of crop yield in agricultural fields.  In this study, the key pathogenic fungi in adlay smut disease were first identified by internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) high-throughput sequencing and then used to elucidate the composition and diversity of the fungal community in adlay smut.  Results indicate that an abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected in the infected involucres of flowering plants and the OTUs were classified to nine phyla, 20 classes, 45 orders, 90 families and 119 genera.  A total of 4 986 OTUs clustered together, sharing six core OTUs in all samples, while 145 OTUs were shared among four geographical groups.  The Shannon and Simpson indices ranged from 0.137–1.629 and 0.357–0.970, respectively.  Community diversity ranked as Anshun (AS)>Qinglong (QL)>Xingren (XR)>Xingyi (XY) among the four geographical groups by Shannon and Simpson indices, exhibiting complex community diversities among accessions and geographical groups.  The richness and diversity data imply a weak relationship between the accession community richness and geographical origins of samples.  Two closely related fungal genera, Sporisorium and Ustilago, were implicated as causes of smut disease.  The genus Sporisorium appears to be more commonly found among accessions and thus is more likely to be the fungal pathogen causing smut in adlay.  This work can facilitate strategies to control and prevent smut infection to improve adlay yield.
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9. Genome-wide association analysis for stripe rust resistance in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm
Sher MUHAMMAD, Muhammad SAJJAD, Sultan Habibullah KHAN, Muhammad SHAHID, Muhammad ZUBAIR, Faisal Saeed AWAN, Azeem Iqbal KHAN, Muhammad Salman MUBARAK, Ayesha TAHIR, Muhammad Umer, Rumana KEYANI, Muhammad Inam AFZAL, Irfan MANZOOR, Javed Iqbal WATTOO, Aziz-ur REHMAN
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (8): 2035-2043.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62841-8
摘要172)      PDF    收藏
Stripe rust is a continuous threat to wheat crop all over the world.  It causes considerable yield losses in wheat crop every year.  Continuous deployment of adult plant resistance (APR) genes in newly developing wheat cultivars is the most judicious strategy to combat this disease.  Herein, we dissected the genetics underpinning stripe rust resistance in Pakistani wheat germplasm.  An association panel of 94 spring wheat genotypes was phenotyped for two years to score the infestation of stripe rust on each accession and was scanned with 203 polymorphic SSRs.  Based on D´ measure, linkage disequilibrium (LD) exhibited between loci distant up to 45 cM.  Marker-trait associations (MTAs) were determined using mixed linear model (MLM).  Total 31 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were observed on all 21 wheat chromosomes.  Twelve QTLs were newly discovered as well as 19 QTLs and 35 previously reported Yr genes were validated in Pakistani wheat germplasm.  The major QTLs were QYr.uaf.2AL and QYr.uaf.3BS (PVE, 11.9%).  Dissection of genes from the newly observed QTLs can provide new APR genes to improve genetic resources for APR resistance in wheat crop.
 
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10.
Bioinformatic analysis and functional characterization of the cfem proteins in maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola
GONG An-dong, JING Zhong-ying, ZHANG Kai, TAN Qing-qun, WANG Guo-liang, LIU Wen-de
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (2): 541-550.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62675-4
摘要161)      PDF    收藏
Fungal secreted proteins that contain the Common in Fungal Extracellular Membrane (CFEM) domain are important for pathogenicity.  The hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum graminicola causes the serious anthracnose disease of maize.  In this study, we identified 24 CgCFEM proteins in the genome of C. graminicola.  Phylogenic analysis revealed that these 24 proteins (CgCFEM1–24) can be divided into 2 clades based on the presence of the trans-membrane domain.  Sequence alignment analysis indicated that the amino acids of the CFEM domain are highly conserved and contain 8 spaced cysteines, with the exception that CgCFEM1 and CgCFEM24 lack 1 and 2 cysteines, respectively.  Ten CgCFEM proteins with a signal peptide and without the trans-membrane domain were considered as candidate effectors and, thus were selected for structural prediction and functional analyses.  The CFEM domain in the candidate effectors can form a helical-basket structure homologous to the Csa2 protein in Candida albicans, which is responsible for haem acquisition and pathogenicity.  Subcellular localization analysis revealed that these effectors accumulate in the cell membrane, nucleus, and cytosolic bodies.  Additionally, 5 effectors, CgCFEM6, 7, 8, 9 and 15, can suppress the BAX-induced programmed cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana with or without the signal peptide.  These results demonstrate that these 10 CgCFEM candidate effectors with different structures and subcellular localizations in host cells may play important roles during the pathogenic processes on maize plants.
 
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11. Seedling and adult plant resistance to leaf rust in 46 Chinese bread wheat landraces and 39 wheat lines with known Lr genes
ZHANG Pei-pei, Takele Weldu Gebrewahid, ZHOU Yue, LI Qing-luo, LI Zai-feng, LIU Da-qun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (5): 1014-1023.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62575-X
摘要204)      PDF    收藏
Wheat leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), is an important foliar disease that has an important influence on wheat yield.  The most economic, safe and effective way to control the disease is growing resistant cultivars.  In the present study, a total of 46 wheat landraces and 34 wheat lines with known Lr (leaf rust resistance) genes were inoculated with 16 Pt pathotypes for postulating seedling resistance gene(s) in the greenhouse.  These cultivars and five wheat differential lines with adult plant resistance (APR) genes (Lr12, Lr22b, Lr34, Lr35 and Lr37) were also evaluated for identification of slow rusting resistance in the field trials in Baoding, Hebei Province of China in the 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 cropping seasons.  Furthermore, 10 functional molecular markers closely linked to 10 known Lr genes were used to detect all the wheat genotypes.  Results showed that most of the landraces were susceptible to most of the Pt pathotypes at seedling stage.  Nonetheless, Lr1 was detected only in Hongtangliangmai.  The field experimental test of the two environments showed that 38 landraces showed slow rusting resistance.  Seven cultivars possessed Lr34 but none of the landraces contained Lr37 and Lr46Lr genes namely, Lr9, Lr19, Lr24, Lr28, Lr29, Lr47, Lr51 and Lr53 were effective at the whole plant stage.  Lr18, Lr36 and Lr45 had lost resistance to part of pathotypes at the seedling stage but showed high resistance at the adult plant stage. Lr34 as a slowing rusting gene showed good resistance in the field.  Four race-specific APR genes Lr12, Lr13, Lr35 and Lr37 conferred good resistance in the field experiments.  Seven race-specific genes, Lr2b, Lr2c, Lr11, Lr16, Lr26, Lr33 and LrB had lost resistance.  The 38 landraces showed slow rusting resistance to wheat leaf rust can be used as resistance resources for wheat resistance breeding in China.
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12. Molecular mapping of stripe rust resistance gene YrH9017 in wheat-Psathyrostachys huashanica introgression line H9017-14-16-5-3
MA Dong-fang, HOU Lu, SUN Cai, ZHANG Xing, YIN Jun-liang, GUO Qing-yun, ZHU Yong-xing
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (1): 108-114.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62048-9
摘要314)      PDF    收藏
Several new stripe rust pathogen races emerged in the wheat growing regions of China in recent years.  These races were virulent to most of the designated wheat seedling resistance genes.  Thus, it is necessary and worthwhile to identify new valuable resistant materials for the sake of diversifying resistant sources, pyramiding different resistance genes and achieving durable resistance.  Here, we identified the resistance gene, temporarily designated as YrH9017, in wheat-Psathyrostachys huashanica introgression line H9017-14-16-5-3.  A total of 146 F2 plants and their derived F2:3 families in a cross of Mingxian 169
and H9017-14-16-5-3 were used to evaluate seedling stripe rust response and as a mapping population.  Finally, we constructed a genetic map including eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and expressed sequence tag (EST) markers.  YrH9017 was located on the long arm of chromosome 2A and closely linked with two EST-sequence tagged site (EST-STS) markers BG604577 and BE471201 at 1.3 and 1.8 cM distance, respectively.  The two closest markers could be used for marker-assisted selection of YrH9017 in breeding.
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13. Pathogenesis-related protein genes involved in race-specific allstage resistance and non-race specific high-temperature adult-plant resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in wheat
Sumaira Farrakh, Meinan Wang, Xianming Chen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (11): 2478-2491.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61853-7
摘要383)      PDF(pc) (1008KB)(280)    收藏
Interactions of the stripe rust pathogen (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) with wheat plants activate a wide range of host responses.  Among various genes involved in the plant-pathogen interactions, the expressions of particular pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes determine different defense responses.  Different types of resistance have been recognized and utilized for developing wheat cultivars for resistance to stripe rust.  All-stage resistance can be detected in seedling stage and remains at high levels throughout the plant growth stages.  This type of resistance is race-specific and not durable.  In contrast, plants with only high-temperature adult-plant (HTAP) resistance are susceptible in seedling stage, but become resistant when plants grow older and the weather becomes warmer.  HTAP resistance controlled by a single gene is partial, but usually non-race specific and durable.  The objective of this study was to analyze the expression of PR protein genes involved in different types of wheat resistance to stripe rust.  The expression levels of 8 PR protein genes (PR1, PR1.2, PR2, PR3, PR4, PR5, PR9 and PR10) were quantitatively evaluated at 0, 1, 2, 7 and 14 days after inoculation in single resistance gene lines of wheat with all-stage resistance genes YrTr1, Yr76, YrSP and YrExp2 and lines carrying HTAP resistance genes Yr52, Yr59, Yr62 and Yr7B.  Races PSTv-4 and PSTv-37 for compatible and incompatible interactions were used in evaluation of PR protein gene expression in wheat lines carrying all-stage resistance genes in the seedling-stage experiment while PSTv-37 was used in the HTAP experiment.  Analysis of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that all of the PR protein genes were involved in the different types of resistance controlled by different Yr genes.  However, these genes were upregulated at different time points and at different levels during the infection process among the wheat lines with different Yr genes for either all-stage resistance or HTAP resistance.  Some of the genes were also induced in compatible interactions, but the levels were almost always higher in the incompatible interaction than in the compatible interaction at the same time point for each Yr gene.  These results indicate that both salicylic acid and jasmonate signaling pathways are involved in both race-specific all-stage resistance and non-race specific HTAP resistance.  Although expressing at different stages of infection and at different levels, these PR protein genes work in concert for contribution to different types of resistance controlled by different Yr genes. 
 
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14. Genetic diversity and population structure of Commelina communis in China based on simple sequence repeat markers
YANG Juan, YU Hai-yan, LI Xiang-ju, DONG Jin-gao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (10): 2292-2301.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61906-9
摘要394)      PDF    收藏
Commelina communis (Asiatic dayflower) is a troublesome weed in China.  Genetic variation of 46 C. communis populations from different collection sites in our country was investigated using 12 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs.  Polymorphism analysis results showed high level of genetic diversity among these populations.  The alleles (bands) were amplified by these primer pairs.  The polymorphic proportion was 18.25%, and the average polymorphism information content was 0.1330.  The highest effective number of alleles was 1.9915 at locus YP33, and the lowest value was 1.0000 at both loci YP25 and YP31.  C. communis showed major average observed heterozygosity value (0.8655) than that of average expected heterozygosity (0.1330).  C. communis populations were divided into three groups on the basis of unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean cluster analysis (Dice genetic similarity coefficient=0.772) and genetic structure analysis (K=3), and a principal coordinate analysis.  The results of this study further illustrated that C. communis populations contained abundant genetic information, and the 12 SSR markers could detect the microsatellite loci of C. communis genomic DNA.  These results might indicate that C. communis maintains high genetic diversity among different populations.
 
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15. Population genetic structure of Chinese Puccinia triticina races based on multi-locus sequences
LIU Tai-guo, GE Run-jing, MA Yu-tong, LIU Bo, GAO Li, CHEN Wan-quan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (08): 1779-1789.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61923-9
摘要313)      PDF    收藏
Received  10 October, 2017    Accepted  9 February, 2018


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16. Multi-functional roles of TaSSI2 involved in Fusarium head blight and powdery mildew resistance and drought tolerance
 
HU Li-qin, MU Jing-jing, SU Pei-sen, WU Hong-yan, YU Guang-hui, WANG Gui-ping, WANG Liang, MA Xin, LI An-fei, WANG Hong-wei, ZHAO Lan-fei, KONG Ling-rang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (2): 368-380.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61680-0
摘要692)      PDF    收藏
The mutation of the gene encoding a stearoyl-acyl carrier protein fatty acid desaturase (ssi2) has been proved to enhance pathogen resistance in several plants, while it’s potential to regulate biotic and abiotic stresses in wheat is still unclear.  In this study, we cloned TaSSI2 gene in wheat and provided several evidences of its involvement in multiple biological functions.  By using barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in wheat, it was found that TaSSI2 negatively regulated both powdery mildew and Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance, which was consistent with the phenotype observed in knock-out mutants of Kronos.  The expression of TaSSI2 was down-regulated by in vitro treatments of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), but positively regulated by salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA), implying the cross-talk between different hormone signaling pathways involved in wheat to regulate biotic stresses is still to be elucidated.  Furthermore, the up-regulated expression of PR4 and PR5 indicated that TaSSI2 probably regulated FHB resistance by depressing the SA signaling pathway in wheat.  In addition, the over-expression of TaSSI2 increased the content of linolenic acid (18:3) and subsequently enhanced drought tolerance of transgenic Brachypodium.  This phenomenon might be associated with its subcellular localization in the whole cytosol, partly overlapping with Golgi apparatus and the secreted vesicles.  As a stearoyl-acyl carrier protein fatty acid desaturase, TaSSI2 was proposed to be involved in cell lipid metabolism and carried targets out of the cell from membrane or wax synthesis, resulting in enhanced drought tolerance in plant.
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