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1. SUPER WOMAN 2 (SPW2) 通过抑制花同源异型基因OsMADS3OsMADS58OsMADS13DROOPING LEAF的表达维持小穗的器官特征
ZHUANG Hui, LAN Jin-song, YANG Qiu-ni, ZHAO Xiao-yu, LI Yu-huan, ZHI Jing-ya, SHEN Ya-lin, HE Guang-hua, LI Yun-feng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2024, 23 (1): 59-76.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.07.010
摘要287)      PDF    收藏

水稻的花器官特征主要由ABCE四类基因决定,它们大多编码MADS-box转录因子。然而,在花发育过程中,对于这些基因的表达如何被调控的研究很少。本研究报道了一个名为SUPER WOMAN 2SPW2)的基因,该基因在水稻的小穗/小花发育过程中通过调控雌蕊特征基因OsMADS3OsMADS13OsMADS58DL的表达发挥重要作用。SPW2突变导致小穗内的护颖、外稃、内稃、浆片和雄蕊中出现异位的柱头/子房状组织。通过图位克隆,我们揭示了SPW2编码一个植物特有的类EMF1蛋白,该蛋白是PRC2复合物的重要组成部分,并介导H3K27me3修饰。表达分析显示,SPW2突变导致OsMADS3OsMADS13OsMADS58DL在小穗的非雌蕊器官中异位表达。此外,ChIP-qPCR结果显示这些基因在染色质上的H3K27me3修饰水平显著降低。因此,我们的研究结果表明SPW2通过参与H3K27me3介导的雌蕊特征基因表观遗传沉默,进而调控它们在水稻小穗的非雌蕊器官中的表达。这项研究拓宽了我们对于SPW2通过表观遗传调控花器官特征基因的分子机制的认识。

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2. 不同种植模式对中国黄土高原土壤温度、水分、功能菌和冬小麦产量的影响
ZHAO Xiao-dong, QIN Xiao-rui, LI Ting-liang, CAO Han-bing, XIE Ying-he
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (5): 1560-1573.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.026
摘要324)      PDF    收藏

干旱和低温阻碍了黄土高原地区冬小麦的生产,作为两种常见的种植模式,垄膜沟播(RP)和平膜穴播(FP)有利于小麦增产。我们先前的研究表明,FPRP能更有效地提高小麦产量,但原因尚不清楚。同时,不同种植模式下功能菌群的变化特征仍需进一步研究。本研究通过种植冬小麦评估了种植模式对土壤温度、水分、微生物和产量的影响。结果表明,FP在土壤温度较低时具有增温作用,在温度过高时具有降温作用。相比之下,RP土壤温度的调节并不稳定,且随年份而变化。与RP和露地条播(NP)处理相比,FP处理的负积温分别降低了20-8943-99%。在FPRP处理中,深层土壤水分可以很好地转移至表层供小麦生长,这使得在小麦生长早期,这两个处理(尤其是FP)的表层土壤水分比NP处理更充足。然而,由于研究区域的水资源有限,在小麦生育后期所有处理的表层贮水量几乎没有差异。最后,与RPNP相比,FP的小麦产量分别显著提高了12-1623-56%。此外,负积温、穗数和小麦产量之间存在显著的正相关。RP处理的Chao1指数和Shannon指数分别比NP处理高出173.9%,而基于network关联分析可知,RP处理中细菌的种间关系被削弱。与NP相比,RP中解磷菌、氨化和硝化细菌的活性被增强,而硝酸盐还原菌和植物病原菌活性受到了抑制,这为小麦生长提供了更多的有效养分和更好的生长环境。

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3. 一个控制油菜半矮杆性状的主效新位点BnaSD.C3的精细定位及候选基因分析
WANG Xiao-dong, CAI Ying, PANG Cheng-ke, ZHAO Xiao-zhen, SHI Rui, LIU Hong-fang, CHEN Feng, ZHANG Wei, FU San-xiong, HU Mao-long, HUA Wei, ZHENG Ming, ZHANG Jie-fu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (10): 2981-2992.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.017
摘要217)      PDF    收藏

株高是影响甘蓝型油菜产量、收获指数和抗倒伏性的关键株型特征,然而,油菜株高的遗传调控机制仍不清楚。本研究利用EMS诱变获得了一个半矮杆突变体df34遗传分析结果表明,df34半矮杆性状由一半显性基因控制。利用BSA-Seq方法将目的基因定位到C3染色体上命名为BnaSD.C3。随后,利用图位克隆的方法,将BnaSD.C3精细定位到“Darmor-bzh基因组的297.35 kb区间内。然而,在“Darmor-bzh基因组上的这一区间内,没有潜在的调控株高性状候选基因结合基因组重测序、转录组测序、植物激素分析、结构变异分析和基因功能注释等信息,在“ZS11”参考基因组上,发现BnaC03G0466900ZSBnaC03G0478900ZSBnaSD.C3的重要候选基因。研究为甘蓝型油菜矮化及株型育种提供了新的基因资源,为解析甘蓝型油菜株高的遗传调控机制提供了新的见解。

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4. The ciliate protozoan Colpoda cucullus can improve maize growth by transporting soil phosphates
ZHANG Wen-li, LIN Qi-mei, Li Gui-tong, ZHAO Xiao-rong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (3): 855-861.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63628-6
摘要129)      PDF    收藏

目前人们对原生动物转移磷酸盐和改善玉米生长的能力还知之甚少。本文旨在探讨Colpoda cucullus能否通过转移磷来提高玉米的磷素水平。在根箱的外室土壤中接种纤毛虫C.cucullus,并添加KH232PO4、磷矿粉(RP)、普钙(SP)或磷酸铵(AP),然后在内室种植玉米。结果表明,接种C.cucullus的玉米植株32P放射性显著高于对照。此外,接种C.cucullus后玉米干物质显著增加了25.07%,氮磷钾含量增加了1~36% (P<0.05)。接种纤毛虫后,根箱内室土壤速效磷也提高了30%以上(P<0.05)。由此推测,磷素可能由接种的C.cucullus从外室运输到内室,然后被玉米植株吸收。


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5. JIA-2021-0434 高粱糖转运蛋白的全基因组鉴定、表达及功能分析
XIAO Qian-lin, LI Zhen, WANG Ya-yun, HOU Xian-bin, WEI Xi-mei, ZHAO Xiao, HUANG Lei, GUO Yan-jun, LIU Zhi-zhai
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (10): 2848-2864.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.034
摘要331)      PDF    收藏
糖转运蛋白在植物渗透调节、信号途径以及植物的生长发育过程中具有重要的作用。然而,目前高粱糖转运蛋白(Sorghum Sugar Transporter,SST)的功能研究却相对较少。本研究通过BLASTP在全基因组鉴定得到98个SST。分析结果显示,这98个SST被划分成3个家族,其中6个被划分为蔗糖转运蛋白家族(sucrose transporters,SUT),23个被划分为SWEET蛋白家族(sugars will eventually be exported transporters,SWEET),69个被划分为单糖转运蛋白家族(monosaccharide transporters,MST)。并且这69个高粱MST可进一步分为7个亚家族,其中24个蛋白属于sugar transporter protein(STP),23个属于polyol/monosaccharide transporter(PLT),2个属于vacuolar glucose transporter(VGT),4个属于inositol transporter(INT),3个属于plastidic glucose transporter/suppressor of G protein beta1(pGlcT/SBG1),5个属于tonoplastic monosaccharide transporter(TMT),8个属于early response to dehydration (ERD6)-like(ERD)。研究结果还发现,SST的编码基因在染色体上随机分布,但却呈现成簇分布的特性,SWEET、ERD、STP和PLT的27个编码基因聚集形成8个串联重复区,其中22个编码基因形成了11对旁系同源基因,占SST编码基因的22.4%。此外,SST家族具有相似的保守结构域,但其保守基序与跨膜结构域(TMH)的特征却有所不同。进一步的分析结果显示,SST编码基因表现出明显的组织特异性;有7个SST主要分布在细胞膜以及膜细胞器上;而选取的14个SST则均能在酵母中转运不同类型的单糖。通过以上研究,我们揭示了SST的序列特征和蛋白的初步功能,研究结果为解析SST在高粱的糖转运及糖信号通路中的作用奠定了基础。
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6. 昆虫致死基因siRNA靶标和非标靶昆虫中的脱靶效应
MA Wei-hua, WU Tong, ZHANG Zan, LI Hang, SITU Gong-ming, YIN Chuan-lin, YE Xin-hai, CHEN Meng-yao, ZHAO Xian-xin, HE Kang, LI Fei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (1): 170-177.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63394-9
摘要213)      PDF    收藏

RNAi介导的有害生物防控策略是农业生物技术领域的最新突破之一。但是,目前对RNAi防控策略可能产生的脱靶效应仍未完全了解本文中,我们研究了两种昆虫致死基因siRNA在靶标和非标靶昆虫中的脱靶效应。结果表明,致死基因siRNA的脱靶效应广泛存在于靶标昆虫和非靶标昆虫中。我们根据基因的同源性相关KEGG途径以及与siRNA序列的连续匹配,对所有表达量受影响的基因进行了分类。出人意料的是,非靶标基因表达量受影响程度序列的连续匹配度并一直而少部分同源基因和KEGG相关基因的表达量正如预期的一样发生了显著变化。通过计算转录组熵值,结果表明尽管在siRNA处理后数百个基因的表达受到影响但转录组的熵保持不变,这表明转录组的表达模式在整体上是平衡的。本文的结果表明,siRNA与非靶标生物中的单个基因发生交叉反应,但在基因组水平上对靶标和非靶标生物中转录组完整性并没有显着影响。同时本文提出了一种评估昆虫致死基因siRNA脱靶效应的体系有助于评估RNAi害虫防控策略的安全性。

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7. The effect of elevating temperature on the growth and development of reproductive organs and yield of summer maize
SHAO Rui-xin, YU Kang-ke, LI Hong-wei, JIA Shuang-jie, YANG Qing-hua, ZHAO Xia, ZHAO Ya-li, LIU Tian-xu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (7): 1783-1795.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63304-4
摘要118)      PDF    收藏

相对其它作物,玉米生产虽然需要较高的温度,但35℃以上高温不利于玉米产量的形成。在华北平原地区,≥35℃ 的温度在夏玉米营养生长和生殖生长并进阶段普遍发生,并对玉米产量的形成造成不可逆的伤害。因此,本文研究了9叶期至抽雄期增温对夏玉米产量形成过程的影响。结果表明,持续增温导致了花丝的伸长速率和活力下降、开花吐丝间隔期增加、果穗顶端穗粒数减少,最终影响了产量。尽管抽雄前持续增温破坏了雄花序中花药的结构,花粉活力因此降低,散粉推迟和散粉时间缩短。但是,从表型、生理层面分析,此时期的持续增温可能对雌穗的生长发育影响更加显著。总之,在玉米营养生长和生殖生长并进阶段,持续增温导致雌雄穗生长受阻,最终引起果穗秃尖和产量的大幅度降低


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8. Cuticular protein gene LmACP8 is involved in wing morphogenesis in the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria
ZHAO Xiao-ming, YANG Jia-peng, GOU Xin, LIU Wei-min, ZHANG Jian-zhen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (6): 1596-1606.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63248-8
摘要115)      PDF    收藏

表皮蛋白是昆虫表皮关联器官的主要组成部分,如体壁和翅,然而其在渐变态昆虫翅发育中的功能尚不清楚。本文从飞蝗中鉴定出一种属于CPR 家族RR-2亚家族的翅表皮蛋白LmACP8。LmACP8主要在翅芽中表达,且在三龄、四龄和五龄若虫蜕皮前表达量较高,其编码的蛋白定位于翅芽和成虫翅的原表皮层。利用RNA干扰,LmACP8的表达缺失显著降低了其蛋白质含量,从而导致飞蝗若虫向成虫转变过程中翅形态发生异常。进一步研究证实这种异常形态发生是由于翅内皮层严重受损所致。个体实验结果发现,蜕皮激素(20-hydroxyecdysone,20E)能够抑制LmACP8的表达,而在干扰激素受体基因LmHR39(Hormone receptor 39)后,LmACP8表达显著上调。由此可见,LmACP8参与飞蝗若虫向成虫转变过程中翅的发育,且其表达受LmHR39介导的20E信号通路负调控。


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9. Variation in spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter derived from rape straw of plants grown in Se-amended soil
JIA Wei, ZHAO Xiao-hu, ZHAO Yuan-yuan, XU Jia-yang, MING Jia-jia, CAI Miao-miao, HU Cheng-xiao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (7): 1876-1884.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62867-4
摘要123)      PDF    收藏
Straw return is an effective management practice.  It not only utilizes agricultural waste but also introduces dissolved organic matter (DOM) into the soil.  Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element in the human diet and contributes to the popularity of Se-enriched agricultural products in the Chinese market.  Moreover, there are still some Se-enriched agricultural products that have yet to be utilized.  This study investigated whether Se addition in soil caused component changes in the DOM extracted from rape straw.  DOM extracted from rape straw grown in soil with four Se levels (0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg Se kg–1 soil) was characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy.  The UV-visible spectra revealed that 0.1 mg Se kg–1 soil reduced the molecular weight of DOM and caused the presence of more irreplaceable aromatic structures in the substituent groups of the DOM, while 0.5 and 1.0 mg Se kg–1 soil only reduced the DOM molecular weight.  Fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that Se improved the humification degree but reduced the aromaticity of DOM.  FTIR spectra proved that Se altered the contents of carboxylic acids, amino acids, alcohols and aromatic heterocycles in DOM, which were maximized in the 0.5 and 1.0 mg Se kg–1 treatment groups.  We concluded that Se application could change the composition of DOM extracted from rape straw, potentially impacting the nutrient bioavailability in soil.  This study provides basic data on Se-enriched rape straw utilization for eco-agriculture.
 
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10. The effects of rootstocks on performances of three late-ripening navel orange varieties
ZHU Shi-ping, HUANG Tao-jiang, YU Xin, HONG Qi-bin, XIANG Jin-song, ZENG An-zhong, GONG Gui-zhi, ZHAO Xiao-chun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (7): 1802-1812.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63212-9
摘要166)      PDF    收藏
Selection of rootstock is very important for citrus production.  Besides its major role on resistance, the rootstock also can affect fruit production and quality.  Currently, the main concerns on selection of rootstock for citrus production are compatibility and resistance, due to less information on the impacts of rootstock to the performance of scion varieties.  This study aims to provide information on performances of navel orange varieties on different rootstocks.  Three late-ripening navel orange varieties (Citrus sinensis var. Powell, Chislett and Banfield) grafted on seven rootstocks (Swingle citrumelo (C. paradisi×P. trifoliata), Carrizo citrange (C. sinensis×P. trifoliata), X639 (C. reticulata×P. trifoliata), MXT (C. sinensis×P. trifoliata), Hongju (C. reticulata), Ziyang Xiangcheng (C. junos) and trifoliate orange (P. trifoliata)) were used as plant materials for comprehensive comparison of the performances on tree growth, fruit yield and quality in 21 scion–stock combinations.  Investigation was carried out in these combinations in field nine years after planting.  Vigorous growth of all the three late-ripening navel orange varieties was observed on Carrizo citrange with the largest canopy volume at 33.34 m3 and the highest yield at 29.43 kg per tree, but a low yield efficiency at 2.87 kg m–3.  On the contrary, those on trifoliate orange had the smallest canopy volume at 10.79 m3 and the lowest fruit yield at 12.51 kg per tree, but the highest yield efficiency at 3.95 kg m–3. Rootstocks did not show significant effects on fruit size, fruit shape index, peel thickness and the edible rate of the fruits, but fruit quality was significantly affected by the rootstocks.  Fruits from the trees grafted on trifoliate orange presented the best quality with significantly higher total soluble solids (TSS) content than those on Ziyang Xiangcheng and Hongju, and also the highest ratio of TSS/titratable acidity (TA).  The TA content was observed from the fruits on X639 at 0.59 g 100 mL–1.  Vitamin C (Vc) content of fruits on Hongju was the highest at 49.25 mg 100 mL–1.  Growth vigor of the trees was positively correlated with fruit yield at an extremely significant level.  The canopy volume was negatively correlated with yield efficiency, but positively correlated with compatibility index.  Results of this study indicated that the rootstock has great impacts on the growth vigor of the tree, yield efficiency and quality of the fruit.  In order to achieve good quality and yield efficiency for navel orange production, less growth vigor rootstock such as trifoliate orange is highly recommended. 
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11. Increased BnaMFT-transcript level is associated with secondary dormancy in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)
LIU Lei, FAN Wen-qi, LIU Fu-xia, YI Xin, TANG Tang, ZHOU Ying, TANG Zi-wei, CHEN Gui-min, ZHAO Xiang-xiang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (6): 1565-1576.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62684-5
摘要133)      PDF    收藏
Brassica napus cultivars have little or no primary dormancy; however, they are prone to secondary dormancy induction.  Secondary dormant seeds can produce volunteer plants, which can result in genetic contamination, reduced quality and biosafety issues.  However, information regarding the molecular mechanism underlying secondary dormancy is limited.  The MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (MFT) gene, which is evolutionarily conserved in the plant kingdom, acts in a complex gene network in the seed dormancy or germination processes.  In this study, we identified four B. napus genes that share high homology with AtMFT, named as BnaMFT.  Analyses of cis-acting elements showed that BnaMFT promoters contain multiple seed-specific regulatory elements, and various stress- and hormone-responsive elements.  Further experiments validated that BnaMFTs were specifically expressed during seed maturation and in the dry seed, with peaks at 35–42 days after pollination.  BnaMFTs were not sufficient for primary dormancy; however, they were significantly enhanced by secondary dormancy induction with PEG6000 treatment.  Moreover, BnaMFT transcripts were elevated by treatment with abscisic acid (ABA), which is known to be accumulated during secondary dormancy.  These results collectively suggest that increased BnaMFT transcription levels are associated with secondary dormancy induction in an ABA-dependent manner in B. napus.
 
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12. Progress in understanding hormonal regulation during the post-embryonic development of Helicoverpa armigera
ZHAO Xiao-fan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (6): 1417-1428.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62860-1
摘要129)      PDF    收藏
Lepidoptera, with 0.16 million species, is the second largest order of insecta.  This order includes silk worms, butterflies, and many agricultural pests.  The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is one of the pests in Lepidoptera that seriously harms cotton plant and other crops in China and other countries.  This pest develops resistance to chemical insecticides rapidly.  Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic cotton plants are developed to control H. armigera population in the field.  However, during the past years, the rapid evolution of Bt toxin resistance is observed in H. armigera in transgenic cotton fields.  New approaches for the development of new environmentally friendly insecticides to control H. armigera have become necessary, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and physiological processes of this species need to be further understood.  Considerable progress in the study of H. armigera development and physiology has been achieved in the last decade.  This mini-review summarizes the main findings on the molecular mechanisms of hormonal regulation of the development of H. armigera to present new target genes for developing new approaches to control the pest.
 
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13. The CRISPR/Cas9 induces large genomic fragment deletions of MSTN and phenotypic changes in sheep
DING Yi, ZHOU Shi-wei, DING Qiang, CAI Bei, ZHAO Xiao-e, ZHONG Shu, JIN Miao-han, WANG Xiao-long, MA Bao-hua, CHEN Yu-lin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (4): 1065-1073.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62853-4
摘要230)      PDF    收藏
The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been extensively used to engineer genetic loci for the generation of knockouts, insertions, and point mutations in animal models.  However, many mutations that have been reported in animals are small insertions or deletions.  This study used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to induce large DNA fragment deletions in MSTN via three guide RNAs in sheep.  This successfully achieved the precise gene editing of the ovine MSTN gene by injecting both Cas9 mRNA and sgRNAs into embryos at the one-cell stage.  Of 10 edited animals, 3 animals (30%) exhibited large genomic fragment deletions (~5 kb).  Furthermore, the body weights of these 3 animals were significantly different (P0<0.0001, P15=0.001, P30=0.005, P60=0.027) between lambs with large deletions and wildtype lambs.  In addition, the edited lambs were also significantly different (P0<0.0001, P15<0.0001, P30=0.002, P60=0.011) compared with wildtype.  These results suggest that the generated MSTN knockout sheep is a reliable and effective animal model for further study.  Furthermore, this method is time- and labor-saving, and efficient for the creation of animal models for agriculture, biology, and medicine.
 
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14. Contrasting resilience of soil microbial biomass, microbial diversity and ammonification enzymes under three applied soil fumigants
SUN Zhen-cai, LI Gui-tong, ZHANG Cheng-lei, WANG Zhi-min, LIN Qi-mei, ZHAO Xiao-rong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (10): 2561-2570.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63201-4
摘要121)      PDF    收藏
Fumigation is a widely applied approach to mitigate the soil-borne diseases.  However, the potential effects of currently applied fumigants on ammonification remain unclear.  An 84-day incubation experiment was conducted based on non-fumigated soil (CK) and fumigated soil using three common fumigants, i.e., chloropicrin (CP), 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), and metam sodium (MS).  The results showed that, the three fumigants all decreased the microbial C, and the largest reduction (84.7%) occurred with the application of CP.  After fumigation, the microbial diversity in the CP treatment rapidly recovered, but that in the 1,3-D treatment decreased and did not recover by the end of the experiment.  The application of MS showed no impact on the microbial diversity during the assay, indicating that significantly different microbial diversity can be achieved by choosing different fumigants.  Furthermore, the three fumigants showed divergent effects on the enzymes involved in ammonification.  The analysis showed that the enzyme variation with CP application was mainly associated with the changed microbial C and N (P<0.05), and not with the microbial community, which was different from the observed effects of 1,3-D or MS application.  In addition, the soil quality index showed that CP was still significantly harmful at the end of incubation compared with the good resilience of MS, indicating that CP may not be a suitable fumigant.
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15. Steam explosion of crop straws improves the characteristics of biochar as a soil amendment
CHEN Xue-jiao, LIN Qi-mei, Muhammad Rizwan, ZHAO Xiao-rong, LI Gui-tong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (7): 1486-1495.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62573-6
摘要161)      PDF    收藏

 

Five crop straws (wheat, rice, maize, oil-rape, and cotton) were first steam-exploded for 2 min at 210°C, 2.5 MPa and then pyrolyzed at 500°C for 2 h.  Steam explosion (SE) induced 47–95% and 5–16% reduction of hemicellulose and cellulose, respectively, in the crop straws.  The biochars derived from SE-treated feedstocks had a lower specific surface area (SSA) and pore volume, compared to those from pristine feedstocks, with one exception that SE enhanced SSA of oil-rape straw biochar by approximately 16 times.  After SE, biochars had significant higher anion exchange capacity (AEC) (6.88–11.44 cmol kg–1) and point of zero net charges (PZNC) (pH 3.61–5.32) values.  It can thus be speculated that these biochars may have higher potential for anions adsorption.  In addition, oil-rape straw might be suitable to SE pretreatment for preparing biochar as a soil amendment and sorbent as well.  Further work is required for testing its application in soil.
 
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16. LncRNAs are potentially involved in the immune interaction between small brown planthopper and rice stripe virus
CHEN Meng-yao, YE Wan-yi, XIAO Hua-mei, LI Mei-zhen, CAO Zheng-hong, YE Xin-hai, ZHAO Xian-xin, HE Kang, LI Fei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (12): 2814-2822.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62569-4
摘要107)      PDF    收藏
Small brown planthopper (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus Fallén) is an important vector of major crop pathogen rice stripe virus (RSV).  Controlling SBPH population is an efficient approach to control RSV.  Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have been reported to block virus replication in hosts.  However, the function of lncRNAs in RSV infection and replication is still unknown.  Here, we aimed to study regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA in an immune system during RSV infection.  First, lncRNA genes were predicted from SBPH transcriptomes using a bioinformatics pipeline based on characteristics of lncRNA.  We identified 4 786 lncRNA genes corresponding to 5 790 transcripts in SBPH from an RNA-Seq dataset of 15 transcriptomes.  Differential expression analysis indicated that 3, 11, and 25 lncRNA genes were highly expressed in gut, salivary gland, and ovary, respectively, of viruliferous SBPH (Student’s t-test, P<0.05).  We randomly selected eight lncRNAs for expression validation using quantitative real-time PCR, confirming the differential expression of these lncRNAs between viruliferous and non-viruliferous SBPH.  In summary, we present evidence that the expression of lncRNA genes was induced by RSV infection, suggesting that RSV might be involved in the antivirus immune system in SBPH and participate in regulating the RSV replication mechanism.  These data provide helpful information for future investigations of the interaction between lncRNA and RSV. 
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17. Molecular cloning and functional identification of an apple flagellin receptor MdFLS2 gene
QI Chen-hui, ZHAO Xian-yan, JIANG Han, LIU Hai-tao, WANG Yong-xu, HU Da-gang, HAO Yu-jin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (12): 2694-2703.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62009-X
摘要266)      PDF(pc) (4711KB)(531)    收藏
The leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase flagellin-sensing 2 gene (MdFLS2; Gene ID: MDP0000254112) was cloned from Royal Gala apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.).  This gene contained a complete open reading frame of 3 474 bp that encoded 1 158 amino acids.  The phylogenetic tree indicated that Prunus persica FLS2 exhibited the highest sequence similarity to MdFLS2.  The PlantCare database suggests that the promoter sequence of MdFLS2 contains several typical cis-acting elements, including ethylene-, gibberellin-, salicylic acid-, and drought-responsive elements.  Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that MdFLS2 was widely expressed in the different tissues of the apple and most highly expressed in the leaves.  Furthermore, MdFLS2 was significantly induced by the flagellin elicitor peptide flg22.  Treatment of the apple seedling leaves with flg22 resulted in an increase in leaf callose levels with increased treatment duration.  An increase in the production of O2 along with the expression of disease-related genes was also observed.  An oxidative burst was detected in the treated seedlings, but not in the control seedlings, indicating that flg22 had stimulated the expression of the MdFLS2 gene and its downstream target genes.  Furthermore, the ectopic expression of MdFLS2 complemented the function of the Arabidopsis fls2 mutant and conferred enhanced flg22 tolerance to the transgenic Arabidopsis, suggesting that MdFLS2 acts as a positive regulator in the response to pathogens in apple.
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18. Genetic variation in LBL1 contributes to depth of leaf blades lobes between cotton subspecies, Gossypium barbadense and Gossypium hirsutum
HE Dao-fang, ZHAO Xiang, LIANG Cheng-zhen, ZHU Tao, Muhammad Ali Abid, CAI Yong-ping, HE Jin-ling, ZHANG Rui
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (11): 2394-2404.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61954-9
摘要374)      PDF    收藏
Leaf is a essential part of the plants for photosynthetic activities which mainly economize the resources for boll heath.  Significant variations of leaf shapes across the Gossypium sp. considerably influence the infiltration of sunlight for photosynthesis.  To understand the genetic variants and molecular processes underlying for cotton leaf shape, we used F2 population derived from upland cotton genotype P30A (shallow-lobed leaf) and sea-island cotton genotype ISR (deep-lobed leaf) to map leaf deep lobed phenotype controlling genes LBL1 and LBL2.  Genetic analysis and localization results have unmasked the position and interaction between both loci of LBL1 and LBL2, and revealed the co-dominance impact of the genes in regulating depth of leaf blades lobes in cotton.  LBL1 had been described as a main gene and member of transcription factor family leucine zipper (HD-ZIPI) from a class I homologous domain factor Gorai.002G244000.  The qRT-PCR results elaborated the continuous change in expression level of LBL1 at different growth stages and leaf parts of cotton.  Higher expression level was observed in mature large leaves followed by medium and young leaves respectively.  For further confirmation, plants were tested from hormonal induction treatments, which explained that LBL1 expression was influenced by hormonal signaling.  Moreover, the highest expression level was detected in brassinolides (BR) treatment as compared to other hormones, and this hormone plays an important role in the process of leaf blade lobed formation.
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19. Characterisation of pH decline and meat color development of beef carcasses during the early postmortem period in a Chinese beef cattle abattoir
ZHANG Yi-min, David L. Hopkins, ZHAO Xiao-xiao, Remy van de Ven, MAO Yan-wei, ZHU Li-xian, HAN Guang-xing, LUO Xin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (07): 1691-1695.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61890-2
摘要600)      PDF    收藏
This study investigated the pH/temperature decline of beef carcasses in a typical Chinese abattoir and color development as pH declined during rigor onset.  A natural cubic spline model was used to model the pH/temperature decline for those carcasses which passed through pH 6.0.  Six of the 97 carcasses that exhibited a high (≥6.10) ultimate pH (pHu) (dark-cutting) in the M. longissimus lumborum (LL) were sampled, along with the same numbers of normal pHu and intermediate pHu carcasses (5.40–5.79; 5.80–6.10, respectively), to examine color development within 24 h postmortem.  It was shown that 66.7% of the modeled carcasses were outside the ideal pH/temperature window with a temperature@pH6.0 lower than ideal, suggesting the need for acceleration of the pH decline.  The stable and low a*, b* and chroma values of high pHu beef within the first 12 h indicated dark-cutting beef might be detected earlier than expected.   
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20. Long-term grazing exclusion influences arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their association with vegetation in typical steppe of Inner Mongolia, China
CHEN Xue-jiao, LIN Qi-mei, ZHAO Xiao-rong, CHEN Hao, WEN Jing, LI Ying, LI Gui-tong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (06): 1445-1453.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61881-1
摘要485)      PDF    收藏
It is not certain that long-term grazing exclusion influences arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and their association with steppe vegetation.  In this study, soil and plant samples were collected from two sites of grazing exclusion since 1983 (E83) and 1996 (E96), and one site of free-grazing (FG) in the typical steppe of Xilinguole League, Inner Mongolia, China, and assayed for soil basic physicochemical properties, AM fungal parameters, aboveground biomass and shoot phosphorus (P) uptake as well.  The results showed that long-term grazing exclusion of E83 and E96 led to less drastic seasonal changes and significant increases in spore density, hyphal length density and root colonization intensity of AM fungi and even soil alkaline phosphatase activity, by up to 300, 168, 110 and 102%, respectively, compared with those of FG site.  In addition, the total aboveground biomass and shoot P uptake of E83 and E96 were 75–992% and 58–645%, respectively, higher than those of FG.  Generally, the root colonization intensity, spore density, and hyphal length density of AM fungi were all positively correlated with the aboveground biomass and even shoot P uptake of plant.  These results may imply that grazing exclusion play a critical role in increasing the growth of AM fungi, and subsequently, may increase plant P uptake and aboveground biomass production.  Moreover, the spore density could sensitively reflect the impacts of long-term grazing exclusion on AM fungi since survival strategy of spores in soil.
 
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21. Expression patterns of OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 in goat preimplantation embryos from in vivo and in vitro
YU Xiao-li, ZHAO Xiao-e, WANG Hua-yan, MA Bao-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2015, 14 (7): 1398-1406.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60923-0
摘要2255)      PDF    收藏
The transcription factors, including OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2, played crucial roles in the maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). They expressed in preimplantation mammalian development with spatio- temporal pattern and took part in regulation of development. However, their expression and roles in goat had not been reported. In the present study, the expression of OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 in goat preimplantation embryos both in vivo and in vitro were detected by real-time RCR and immunofluorescence. For in vivo fertilized embryos, the transcripts of OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 could be detected from oocytes to blastocyst stage, their expression in morula and blastocyst stages was much higher than other stage. OCT4 protein was detected from oocyte to blastocyst, but the fluorescence was more located-intensive with nuclei from 8-cell stage, its expression present in both inner cell mass (ICM) and trophoblast cells (TE) at blastocyse stage. NANOG protein was similar to OCT4, the signaling of fluorescence completely focused on cell nuclei, while the SOX2 firstly showed nuclei location in morula. Comparing to in vivo fertilized embryo, the mRNA of these three transcription factors could be detected at 8-cell stage in parthenogenetic embryos (in vitro). Thereafter, the expressional level rose gradually along with embryo development. The locations of OCT4 and NANOG proteins were similar to in vivo fertilized embryos, and they located in cell nuclei from morula to blastocyst stage, while SOX2 protein firstly could be detected in cell nuclei at 8-cell stage. These differences suggested that OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 played different function in regulating development of goat preimplantation embryos. These results may provide a novel insight to goat embryo development and be useful for goat ESCs isolation.
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22. Growth traits and nitrogen assimilation-associated physiological parameters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under low and high N conditions
ZHANG Fei-fei, GAO Si, ZHAO Yuan-yuan, ZHAO Xiao-lei, LIU Xiao-man, XIAO Kai
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2015, 14 (7): 1295-1308.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60957-6
摘要1980)      PDF    收藏
In this study, 14 wheat cultivars with contrasting yield and N use efficiency (NUE) were used to investigate the agronomic and NUE-related traits, and the N assimilation-associated enzyme activities under low and high N conditions. Under deficient-N, the cultivars with high N uptake efficiency (UpE) and high N utilization efficiency (UtE) exhibited higher plant biomass, yields, and N contents than those with medium and low NUEs. The high UpE cultivars accumulated more N than other NUE type cultivars. Under sufficient-N, the tested cultivars showed similar patterns in biomass, yield, and N content to those under deficient-N, but the varietal variations in above traits were smaller. In addition, the high UpE cultivars displayed much more of root biomass and larger of root length, surface area, and volume than other NUE type cultivars, indicating that the root morphological traits under N deprivation are closely associated with the plant biomass through its improvement of the N acquisition. The high UtE cultivars showed higher activities of nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NIR), and glutamine synthetase (GS) at stages of seediling, heading and filling than other NUE type cultivars under both low and high N conditions. Moreover, the high UpE and UtE cultivars also displayed higher photosynthetic rate under deficient-N than the medium and low NUE cultivars. Together, our results indicated that the tested wheat cultivars possess dramatically genetic variations in biomass, yield, and NUE. The root morphological traits and the N assimilation enzymatic acitivities play critical roles in regulating N accumulation and internal N translocation under the N-starvation stress, respectively. They can be used as morphological and biochemical references for evaluation of UpE and UtE in wheat.
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23. Effects of Glutamate and Na+ on the Development and Enzyme Activity of the Oriental Migratory Locust, Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen) in Successive Generations
ZHAO Xia, JIA Miao, WANG Lei, CAO Guang-chun , ZHANG Ze-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2014, 13 (4): 819-826.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60516-X
摘要1755)      PDF    收藏
Rapid and mass rearing of Locusta migratoria manilensis is an urgent need to meet the increasing demand for food of people. In this study, the effects of four artificial feeds on the development, reproduction and the activities of detoxification and protective enzymes of L. migratoria manilensis in three successive generations were investigated. The results showed that sucrose and monosodium glutamate (MSG) significantly increased the net reproductive rate (R0) and the intrinsic growth rate (rm) of L. migratoria manilensis, but sodium chloride (0.17%) suppressed this increase. Furthermore, the artificial feed with sucrose and monosodium glutamate increased the activities of esterase (EST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione-Stransferase (GST), multi-function oxidase (MFO), phenol oxidase (PO), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), but inhibited the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). However, sodium chloride (0.17%) increased the activities of EST, AChE, CAT and SOD, and inhibited the activities of MFO, GST, PO and POD. Correlation analysis found that the increasing of PO activity and the decreasing of SOD activities were significantly related with the increasing of the intrinsic growth rate (rm). The above results indicated that sucrose and monosodium glutamate could promote the development and reproduction of L. migratoria manilensis, but Na+ inhibit such promotion with the concentration above 0.2%. The activities of PO and SOD can be used as biochemical standard to assess the effect of artificial feed.
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24. Improvement to Maize Growth Caused by Biochars Derived From Six Feedstocks Prepared at Three Different Temperatures
LUO Yu, JIAO Yu-jie, ZHAO Xiao-rong, LI Gui-tong, ZHAO Li-xin , MENG Hai-bo
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2014, 13 (3): 533-540.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60709-1
摘要1427)      PDF    收藏
Biochar is increasingly proposed as a soil amendment, with reports of benefits to soil physical, chemical and biological properties. In this study, different biochars were produced from 6 feedstocks, including straw and poultry manure, at 3 pyrolysis temperatures (200, 300 and 500°C) and then added separately to a calcareous soil. Their effects on soil properties and maize growth were evaluated in a pot experiment. The biochars derived from crop straw had much higher C but smaller N concentrations than those derived from poultry manure. Carbon concentrations, pH and EC values increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Biochar addition resulted in increases in mean maize dry matter of 12.73% and NPK concentrations of 30, 33 and 283%, respectively. Mean soil pH values were increased by 0.45 units. The biochar-amended soils had 44, 55, 254 and 537% more organic C, total N, Olsen-P and available K, respectively, than the control on average. Both feedstocks and pyrolysis temperature determined the characteristics of the biochar. Biochars with high mineral concentrations may act as mineral nutrient supplements.
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25. Crop Yield and Soil Properties in the First 3 Years After Biochar Application to a Calcareous Soil
LIANG Feng, LI Gui-tong, LIN Qi-mei , ZHAO Xiao-rong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2014, 13 (3): 525-532.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60708-X
摘要1834)      PDF    收藏
It remains unclear whether biochar applications to calcareous soils can improve soil fertility and crop yield. A long-term field experiment was established in 2009 so as to determine the effect of biochar on crop yield and soil properties in a calcareous soil. Five treatments were: 1) straw incorporation; 2) straw incorporation with inorganic fertilizer; 3), 4) and 5) straw incorporation with inorganic fertilizer, and biochar at 30, 60, and 90 t ha-1, respectively. The annual yield of either winter wheat or summer maize was not increased significantly following biochar application, whereas the cumulative yield over the first 4 growing seasons was significantly increased. Soil pH, measured in situ, was increased by a maximum of 0.35 units after 2 yr following biochar application. After 3 yr, soil bulk density significantly decreased while soil water holding capacity increased with adding biochar of 90 t ha-1. Alkaline hydrolysable N decreased but exchangeable K increased due to biochar addition. Olsen-P did not change compared to the treatment without biochar. The results suggested that biochar could be used in calcareous soils without yield loss or significant impacts on nutrient availability.
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26. The Hydrochar Characters of Municipal Sewage Sludge Under Different Hydrothermal Temperatures and Durations
ZHANG Jin-hong, LIN Qi-mei , ZHAO Xiao-rong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2014, 13 (3): 471-482.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60702-9
摘要7225)      PDF    收藏
Innovative measure is a urgent requirement for managing the huge volume of municipal sewage sludge. The hydrothermal carbonation (HTC) shows some potential advantages for using hydrochar as a soil conditioner. The aim of this work was to investigate the properties of hydrochars, by means of the HTC of municipal sewage sludge under different temperatures (190 and 260°C) and reaction hours (1, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h). The HTC led to the decreases of N, O and H contents by more than 54.6, 37.9 and 10.0%, respectively, and slight changes of C content. The Py-GC-MS analysis showed that a large proportion of fatty acids, in particular hexadecanoic acid, transferred into alkenes, olefins and aromatic compounds. The 13C-NMR and fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) confirmed the transformation and changes in chemical structure in which hydrochar contained lower oxygen-containing organic C of O-alkyl, carboxylic and carbonyl C and aliphaticity, but higher aromatic C and aromaticity. The rich hydrophobic functions induced in high positive charges in the charred sludge. The HTC facilitated the pore structure development, proved by higher specific surface area and specific pore volume, with a maximum of 17.30 and 0.83 cm3 g-1, respectively. The availabilities of N, P and K markedly reduced during HTC treatment. The activities of most heavy metals were depressed though they accumulated in the hydrochar. Further work is required to investigate the values and risk of the charred sludge amended to soil.
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27. Accumulation of Carbohydrate and Regulation of 14-3-3 Protein on Sucrose Phosphate Synthase (SPS) Activity in Two Tomato Species
WANG Li, CUI Na, ZHAO Xiao-cui, FAN Hai-yan , LI Tian-lai
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2014, 13 (2): 358-364.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60373-1
摘要2208)      PDF    收藏
To explore the differences of carbohydrate metabolism in two tomato species and discuss the possible regulation of 14-3-3 proteins on the sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity, we determined the contents of soluble sugar and starch through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The activities of sugar-metabolizing enzymes were assayed in desalted extract, and the relative expression levels of related genes in sugar metabolism were determined though real-time RT-PCR. The results indicated that glucose and fructose were mainly accumulated during the maturation of the fruit because of the high acid invertase (AI) and neutral invertase (NI) in Micro-Tom (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit, while in Solanum chmielewskii fruit, SPS which went along with the change of sucrose content led to the rapid sucrose increase during the fruit ripening. TFT1 and TFT10, belonging to 14-3-3 protein in tomato, were likely to down-regulated SPS activity during young and intumescence period.
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28. Effects of Neutral Detergent Soluble Fiber and Sucrose Supplementation on Ruminal Fermentation, Microbial Synthesis, and Populations of Ruminal Cellulolytic Bacteria Using the Rumen Simulation Technique (RUSITEC)
ZHAO Xiang-hui, LIU Chan-juan, LI Chao-yun , YAO Jun-hu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2013, 12 (8): 1471-1480.   DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(00)9061
摘要1334)      PDF    收藏
We evaluated the effects of neutral detergent soluble fiber (NDSF) and sucrose supplementation on ruminal fermentation, microbial synthesis, and populations of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). The experiment had a 2×2 factorial design with two dosages of sucrose, low (ca. 0.26 g d-1, low-sucrose) and high (ca. 1.01 g d-1, high-sucrose), and two dosages of supplied NDSF, low (1.95 g d-1, low-NDSF) and high (2.70 g d-1, high-NDSF). Interactions between NDSF and sucrose were detected for xylanase activity from solid fraction and apparent disappearance of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and hemicellulose, with the lowest values observed for high-NDSF and high-sucrose treatment. Supplemental NDSF appeared to increase the molar proportion of acetate and reduce that of butyrate; however, the effects of supplemental sucrose on VFA profiles depended upon NDSF amount. There was a NDSF×sucrose interaction for the production of methane. High-NDSF fermenters had lower ammonia-N production, greater daily N flow of solidassociated microbial pellets and total microorganisms, and greater microbial synthesis efficiency compared with low- NDSF fermenters. Supplementation with NDSF resulted in an increase in 16S rDNA copies of Ruminococcus flavefaciens and a reduction in copies of Ruminococcus albus. Supplementation with sucrose tended to increase the 16S rDNA copies of R. albus from liquid fraction, but did not affect daily total microbial N flow and cellulolytic bacterium populations from solid fraction. These data indicate that the effects of the interaction between NDSF and sugars on ruminal fermentation and fiber digestion should be taken into account in diet formulation. Ruminal fermentation and metabolism of sugars warrant further investigation.
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29. Construction of a New Molecular Barcode for Discriminating Plants and Animals with a Close Genetic Relationship
HUANG Li, ZHAO Xiao-feng, ZHU Yi-peng, DONG Heng, XU Ning-ying , CAO Jia-shu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2013, 12 (7): 1138-1151.   DOI: 10.1016/S1671-2927(00)8925
摘要1459)      PDF    收藏
DNA barcodes have been proposed as a shortcut to provide species identification and as a way to accelerate the discovery of new species. A number of candidate gene regions have been suggested as possible barcodes for animals and plants, but for the identification of recently diverged species and/or varieties with only a few genetic differences it has been reported to be problematic in some cases. This study selected widely cultivated cruciferous vegetables as the primary samples, after failure of discrimination of each species using current DNA barcodes, we performed the fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (F-AFLP) and successfully discriminated each species, subspecies, variety and their cultivar in 74 samples. Then the non-qualitative results obtained from F-AFLP were transformed into two-dimensional barcodes image file of each cultivar via the PDF417 software. This method was also successfully applied to the discrimination of 17 Chinese indigenous pig breeds. The barcode we constructed which greatly reduces the information storage space is genotypes-specific, and can be conveniently decoded into the original data and thereby be conveniently shared and referred to. We believe that it is possible to construct a new data sharing molecular barcode system that could discriminate the subspecies, varieties, cultivars and even individuals with close genetic relationships.
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30. Unintended Changes in Genetically Modified Rice Expressing the Lysine-Rich Fusion Protein Gene Revealed by a Proteomics Approach
ZHAO Xiang-xiang, TANG Tang, LIU Fu-xia, LU Chang-li, HU Xiao-lan, JI Li-lian , LIU Qiaoquan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2013, 12 (11): 2013-2021.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60539-0
摘要1294)      PDF    收藏
Development of new technologies for evaluating genetically modified (GM) crops has revealed that there are unintended insertions and expression changes in GM crops. Profiling techniques are non-targeted approaches and are capable of detecting more unintended changes in GM crops. Here, we report the application of a comparative proteomic approach to investigate the protein profile differences between a GM rice line, which has a lysine-rich protein gene, and its non-transgenic parental line. Proteome analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrum analysis of the seeds identified 22 differentially expressed protein spots. Apart from a number of glutelins that were detected as targeted proteins in the GM line, the majority of the other changed proteins were involved in carbohydrate metabolism, protein synthesis and stress responses. These results indicated that the altered proteins were not associated with plant allergens or toxicity.
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