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1. Identification and epitope mapping of anti-p72 single-chain antibody against African swine fever virus based on phage display antibody library
SONG Jin-xing, WANG Meng-xiang, ZHANG Yi-xuan, WAN Bo, DU Yong-kun, ZHUANG Guo-qing, LI Zi-bin, QIAO Song-lin, GENG Rui, WU Ya-nan, ZHANG Gai-ping
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (9): 2834-2847.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.07.039
摘要194)      PDF    收藏

非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)是一种致命的病原体,对全球养猪业造成灾难性的社会经济影响。到目前为止,还没有获得许可的预防性疫苗。目前对非洲猪瘟病毒主要免疫原和关键抗原表位图谱的了解有限。因此,功能性单克隆抗体(mAb)和表位图谱的研究对我们理解免疫反应和设计改进的疫苗、治疗和诊断至关重要。本研究基于自然感染ASFV的康复期PBMCs构建的ASFV抗体噬菌体展示文库,筛选出一株抗ASFV主要衣壳蛋白(p72)单链抗体,并与IgG Fc片段融合(scFv-83-Fc),可以特异性识别ASFV Pig/HLJ/2018毒株。进一步,使用scFv-83-Fc单克隆抗体为靶点,我们从M13噬菌体展示随机肽库中鉴定到p72的一段保守表位肽(221MTGYKH226)。此外,流式细胞术和细胞摄取实验表明,该表位肽在体外能显著促进BMDC成熟,并能被DC细胞有效摄取,这可能意味着其在疫苗和诊断试剂开发中的潜在应用前景。总之,本研究为确定ASFV疫苗开发的靶点提供了一个有价值的平台,并有助于亚单位疫苗和诊断试剂的优化设计。

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2. 非洲猪瘟病毒p30蛋白线性抗原表位的鉴定
YU Si-hui, SHAN Zhao-meng, YANG Jing-jing, LIU Yi-ning, WU Chang-de, ZHANG Zhen-jiang, ZHU Yuan-mao, MENG Bo, ZHAN Jia-xing, WEN Xue-xia, ZHANG Ying
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (6): 1945-1949.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.04.012
摘要233)      PDF    收藏

非洲猪瘟(ASF)的持续流行严重威胁全球养猪业的健康发展。该病目前缺乏可应用于临床的疫苗和药物,因此,早期的精准检测对于ASF的有效防控至关重要。p30蛋白在病毒感染早期表达,免疫原性较好且诱导产生抗体水平较高,这些特性使其成为较为理想的非洲猪瘟病毒ASFV)检测靶点之一。本研究以原核表达的p30蛋白为免疫原,制备了两株可稳定分泌针对ASFV p30蛋白的单克隆抗体(mAb细胞株,分别命名为4F27F3利用Western blotting和间接免疫荧光实验鉴定两株单克隆抗体均能识别病毒感染。亚型鉴定结果显示,4F27F3的重链分别为IgG1IgG2b,轻链均为κ链。随后,通过原核表达一系列截短p30蛋白鉴定4F27F3识别的抗原表位。5轮截短和Western blotting实验鉴定,最终确定4F27F3识别的最短抗原表位分别为118SFETL12276EHQAQEEWNMILHV89。在此基础上,进一步分析两个抗原表位在不同毒株p30蛋白序列中的保守性。序列比对结果表明,GenBank数据库中所有p30蛋白序列均包含118SFETL122 ,而另一抗原表位76EHQAQEEWNMILHV89则在非洲以外地区分离的毒株中保守。本研究制备的两株单克隆抗体及鉴定的抗原表位可为检测方法的开发提供材料和基础,同时也可为病毒致病机理和免疫机制等基础研究提供工具。

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3. 麻山药下脚料对断奶羔羊生长性能、血液参数、瘤胃发酵和瘤胃细菌群的影响
GUO Yun-xia, YANG Ruo-chen, DUAN Chun-hui, WANG Yong, HAO Qing-hong, JI Shou-kun, YAN Hui, ZHANG Ying-jie, LIU Yue-qin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (6): 1833-1846.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.10.002
摘要293)      PDF    收藏

本研究选取60只健康状况良好、体重(22.68±2.56 kg)相近的雄性小尾寒羊断奶羔羊,采用完全随机区组试验设计,将60只羔羊随机分为4组,每组15只。DOW替代精料的比例分别为0% (对照组, CON)、 10%(DOW1)、 15%(DOW2)和20%(DOW3)。饲养期共63 d,预试期15 d,正试期48 d,进行羔羊生长性能、血液指标、瘤胃发酵参数和瘤胃微生物菌群的测定。结果表明,DOW2组羔羊的干物质(DMI)摄入量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。日增重 (ADG) 随着DOW替代精料比例的增加而呈线性增加或二次效应变化(P<0.05),DOW2组羔羊的ADG较对照组更高(P<0.05)。随着DOW替代精料比例的增加,羔羊血浆GH、IGF-1和Insulin的浓度(P<0.05)呈现线性提高或二次效应变化(P<0.05), 且DOW2组血浆激素含量显著高于对照组。随着DOW替代精料比例的增加,血浆尿素氮(BUN)的浓度(P<0.05)呈线性降低和二次效应变化。DOW替代精料可有效的调节瘤胃代谢及菌群变化。随着DOW替代精料比例的增加,瘤胃NH3-N的浓度在饲喂后0 h、4 h和8 h呈线性降低(P<0.05),在0 h和4 h时呈二次效应变化(P<0.05);在饲喂后0 h和4 h后总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFAs)含量呈线性增加(P<0.05);在饲喂0 h乙酸的含量呈线性增加(P<0.05),饲喂后4 h和8 h时呈二次效应变化(P<0.05);丙酸的含量在饲喂0 h,4 h和8 h时呈线性降低,乙酸/丙酸比例在0 h,4 h和8 h均呈线性增加(P<0.05)。DOW2组瘤胃中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、琥珀酸菌属(Succiniclasticum)和反刍菌属(Ruminococcus_1)的相对丰度显著高于对照组,同时去铁杆菌门(Deferribacteres)、肠杆菌属(Intestinimonas)和反胃梭菌属(Ruminiclostridium)相对丰度显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,麻山药下脚料可改善饲料适口性,增加DMI,进而调控瘤胃微生物菌群变化,提高瘤胃发酵效率,促进羔羊生长,在本试验条件下,综合生长性能、血液指标及瘤胃发酵参数,麻山药下脚料的适宜添加比例为15%。本试验首次对麻山药下脚料作为饲料原料对羔羊生长性能及瘤胃发酵参数进行了研究,为降低养殖成本,提高养殖效益,同时对农业废弃物的饲料化利用提供了思路。

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4. JIA-2021-1554 羔羊出生至4月龄粪便细菌群落演替过程及其与血清免疫指标的相关性
YIN Xue-jiao, JI Shou-kun, DUAN Chun-hui, TIAN Pei-zhi, JU Si-si, YAN Hui, ZHANG Ying-jie, LIU Yue-qin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (2): 537-550.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.055
摘要215)      PDF    收藏

微生物在胃肠道发育早期的定植和演替过程对于宿主免疫系统的发育十分重要。本试验以湖羊为研究对象,选择10只初生湖羊母羔(2.87 ± 0.28 kg),利用16S rDNA测序手段,测定0,3,10,20,30,45,60,90,120日龄羔羊粪便细菌区系,探究羔羊从出生至120日龄,体重、血清指标和粪便细菌群落的动态变化,及三者之间的关系。研究结果表明,羔羊生长性能、血清指标、粪便细菌群落和粪便细菌功能均受羔羊日龄的影响(P<0.05)。羔羊平均日增重在60-90日龄时最低(P<0.05),可能是断奶应激造成。羔羊的免疫反应在30日龄时最高,此时羔羊血清中免疫球蛋白(免疫球蛋白A,免疫球蛋白G,免疫球蛋白M)、细胞因子(白细胞介素-,白细胞介素-6,白细胞介素-12、白细胞介素-17、肿瘤坏死因子-α)和肠道通透性指标(D-乳酸和内毒素)水平高于其它日龄组(P<0.05)。各日龄组内粪便细菌群落相似性分析表明,同日龄组内相似性在断奶前较低,在断奶(60日龄)后显著增加(P<0.05)。各日龄与120日龄粪便细菌群落相似性表明,30日龄后,与120日龄的相似性显著增加(P<0.05)。粪便细菌属Lachnospiraceae UCG-010, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, Ruminococcaceae UCG-009, Ruminococcaceae UCG-013, Ruminiclostridium 6, Ruminococcaceae UCG-008Oscillibacter与血清中内毒素、D-乳酸、免疫球蛋白(免疫球蛋白A,免疫球蛋白G,免疫球蛋白M)、细胞免疫因子(白细胞介素-,白细胞介素-6,白细胞介素-12和白细胞介素-17)和肿瘤坏死因子-α水平呈负相关(P<0.05),并且这些属的相对丰度从45日龄时增加。本研究结果表明,与血清免疫指标相关属的相对丰度从45日龄起随羔羊年龄增加,羔羊出生至45日龄可能存在关键调控时期,为调控羔羊微生物以提高羔羊免疫性能提供机会。本研究分析比较了羔羊初生至120日龄,粪便细菌建立过程及其与羔羊体重和血清免疫指标的关系,分析发现了调控羔羊微生物区系的关键时期。

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5. 确定华北地区典型的冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系中的磷平衡阈值以优化磷投入和调节土壤磷有效性
XU Meng-ze, WANG Yu-hong, NIE Cai-e, SONG Gui-pei, XIN Su-ning, LU Yan-li, BAI You-lu, ZHANG Yin-jie, WANG Lei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (12): 3769-3782.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.05.030
摘要156)      PDF    收藏

磷(P)是一种不可再生资源,是植物生长的关键营养元素,对作物产量提高起着重要作用。磷肥过量施用在农业生产中很普遍,这不仅浪费了磷资源,还造成了磷的积累和地下水污染。为了获得产量和磷利用效率(PUE我们假设农业系统的表观磷平衡可以作为确定磷投入阈值的关键指标。因此我们进行了长达12年的定位田间试验,包括6个施磷处理,量分别为04590135180225 kg P2O5 ha–1,以明确作物产量、PUE和土壤Olsen-P平衡的反应并优化投入。结果表明,肥施用量超过某一水平时,年产量不再增加当周年磷肥施用量为90–135 kg P2O5 ha–1时可以实现产量和PUE。当磷平衡阈值2.15–4.45 kg P ha–1时可以实现最佳产量和最小环境风险。基于磷平衡阈值投入为95.7–101 kg P2O5 ha–1施磷量在此阈值内时可以协同提高产量与PUE90.0–94.9%此外,本研究发现磷投入-产出平衡框架的建立有助于评估土壤Olsen-P在未来变化,其中土壤磷平衡每增加100 kg P ha–1,有效磷含量上升4.07 mg kg–1平衡可以作为农业生产管理的一个重要指标,为限制过剩和制定更高产、高效和环保的肥管理策略提供有力参考。

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6.

The metabolomics variations among rice, brown rice, wet germinated brown rice, and processed wet germinated brown rice

REN Chuan-ying, LU Shu-wen, GUAN Li-jun, HONG Bin, ZHANG Ying-lei, HUANG Wen-gong, LI Bo, LIU Wei, LU Wei-hong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (9): 2767-2776.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.025
摘要178)      PDF    收藏

本研究以华北玉麦轮作农田石灰性土壤为研究对象,针对玉米和小麦季的两次施肥事件,采用15N气体通量法(15NGF)对田间原位土壤N2通量进行为期一周的观测。施用肥料为15N标记尿素(丰度为99 atom%),施用量为130(玉米季)和150(小麦季)kg N ha–1;并于施肥后的第一、三和五天(缩写DAF 1、DAF 3和DAF 5)进行模拟灌水,控制灌水后土壤湿度达~60% WFPS。结果显示:当罩箱时间为2、4和6 h时,土壤N2通量的检测限分别为163–1565、81–485和54–281 μg N m–2 h–1。土壤N2通量为159–2943(平均:811)μg N m–2 h–1,98.3%的通量数据高于其检测限(即120个观测数据中仅2个达不到通量检测限)。灌溉时间显著影响玉米季观测期内的土壤N2平均通量,DAF 3处理较DAF 1和DAF 5处理高约80%(p<0.01);而在小麦季,不同灌溉时间的N2通量无差异。而且,玉米季观测期内的N2通量和氧化亚氮(N2O)与N2产物比(N2O/(N2O+N2))均较小麦季高约65%和11倍(p<0.01)。该差异主要归因于玉米季观测期内更高的土壤湿度、温度和氮底物的有效性,利用反硝化贡献N2排放和N2O/(N2O+N2)比值。该研究表明15NGF方法可应用于原位定量集约化石灰性农田土壤的N2通量


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7. JIA-2022-0130 长期施用秸秆促进设施蔬菜土壤磷转化为中等活性磷、减少磷向下迁移和淋失
ZHANG Yin-Jie, GAO Wei, LUAN Hao-an, TANG Ji-wei, LI Ruo-nan, LI Ming-Yue, ZHANG Huai-zhi, HUANG Shao-wen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (9): 2734-2749.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.028
摘要213)      PDF    收藏

本研究将XANES技术与化学连续浸提法相结合,探究土壤磷的形态和转化。10年的定位试验包括4个处理:100%化肥处理(4CN)、50%猪粪(2CN+2MN)、50%秸秆(2CN+2SN)、50%猪粪配合秸秆替代化肥处理(2CN+2MSN)。与单施化肥相比,有机替代施肥处理提高0−40 cm土层的活性磷含量,增幅为13.7-54.2%,主要组分是MgHPO4·3H2O和CaHPO4。有机替代施肥处理降低稳定性磷含量,羟基磷灰石(Ca5(PO4)3OH)是主要组分,其比例随着土壤深度的增加呈增加的趋势。秸秆施用(2CN+2SN和2CN+2MSN处理)提高中等活性磷含量,降低底土(60−100 cm)活性磷的含量。此外,施用秸秆显著降低总磷、可溶性无机磷(DIP)和颗粒磷的淋失量和浓度。可溶性无机磷是磷淋溶流失的主要形态,其与可溶性有机碳和NO3--N存在共迁移现象。偏最小二乘路径模型表明,施用秸秆通过增加中等活性磷和降低底土中的活性磷来减少磷的浸出。总体而言,施用秸秆有利于制定可持续的磷管理措施,因为其增加了上层土壤中的活性磷可供植物吸收利用,并减少磷的迁移和淋失


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8. 葡萄籽提取物对高氧包装肉饼肉色和提前褐变的影响
YANG Xiao-yin, XU Bao-chen, LEI Hong-mei, LUO Xin, ZHU Li-xian, ZHANG Yi-min, MAO Yan-wei, LIANG Rong-rong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (8): 2445-2455.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63854-6
摘要267)      PDF    收藏

研究调查了葡萄籽提取物(GSE)对高氧气调包装HiOx-MAP肉饼的生鲜肉色、熟制肉色和提前褐变的影响。GSE在肉饼中的添加量为00.10.250.50.75 g kg-1。本研究测定了生肉饼在4贮藏10天过程中的表面肉色、pH值、脂肪氧化和菌落总数(TVC),测定了加热至66℃或71℃时肉饼的中心肉色和pH值。与对照组(0 g kg-1 GSE)相比,GSE改善了5-10天生肉饼的肉色稳定性 (P<0.05),并且显著抑制了脂肪氧化和肌红蛋白氧化,但对TVC没有显著影响 (P>0.05)。添加0.50.75 g kg-1 GSE的肉饼在贮藏后期熟制至66℃时,中心红度比对照组高(P<0.05),并且减少了熟肉饼的PMB程度。以上结果表明,0.50.75 g kg-1 GSE的添加可以改善HiOx-MAP肉饼的生鲜肉色并减少PMB的发生。


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9. 梨种质资源果实表型性状遗传多样性分析
ZHANG Ying, CAO Yu-fen, HUO Hong-liang, XU Jia-yu, TIAN Lu-ming, DONG Xing-guang, QI Dan, LIU Chao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (8): 2275-2290.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63885-6
摘要262)      PDF    收藏

本研究利用分布频率、变异系数、Shannon-weaver多样性指数、方差分析及聚类分析对“国家果树种质兴城梨、苹果圃”内保存的梨11个种456份梨资源和种间杂交品种114份共570份材料的39个果实表型性状进行多样性和性状差异的分析,通过相关性、主成分以及回归分析对梨种质资源进行综合评价指标筛选。主要结果如下: 梨种质果实28个字符型性状中检测到132种变异类型,多样性丰富;果实形状、萼片姿态、果肉类型、萼片状态、果锈位置、萼洼状态、风味和果实底色的多样性指数较高,分别为1.949、1.908、1.700、1.681、1.658、1.644、1.610和1.592。梨种质果实11个数值型性状中可滴定酸含量变异系数最高达128.43%,更能体现梨种质间的差异。梨5个栽培种(白梨、砂梨、秋子梨、新疆梨和西洋梨)种群间表型分化系数Vst(66.4%)高于种群内表型分化系数Vst(33.6%),种群间的变异是梨果实性状主要变异来源。系统聚类分析将包括川梨的6个栽培种389份资源分为6大类,组内具有一定的特征,组间存在差异,但并未完全按地域聚类,日韩砂梨和原产中国的砂梨聚在一起;白梨多数与砂梨聚在一起,少数与秋子梨聚在一起;秋子梨和西洋梨分别单独聚类;新疆梨和川梨均未单独聚类。采用主成分分析法和逐步回归分析法从39个性状中筛选出17个性状,决定总变异的99.3%,其中描述单果质量和可食率的性状3个(果实横径、果实纵径和果心大小)、形态特征和外观品质性状5个(果面盖色、果锈数量、果点明显程度、果实形状和果梗长度)和内在品质性状9个(果肉颜色、汁液、香气、风味、果肉质地、果肉类型、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量和内质综合评价),可作为梨种质资源综合评价指标


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10. JIA-2021-0382 十年的有机替代施肥模式对设施蔬菜土壤磷库、磷酸酶活性和微生物群落的影响
ZHANG Yin-Jie, GAO Wei, LUAN Hao-an, TAND Ji-wei, LI Ruo-nan, LI Ming-Yue, ZHANG Huai-zhi, HUANG Shao-wen
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (7): 2119-2133.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63715-2
摘要224)      PDF    收藏

本研究基于10年(2009-2019)的定位试验,探究有机肥/秸秆替代化肥模式对土壤磷库、磷酸酶和微生物活性的影响,并明确调节土壤磷转化特征的因素。4个施肥处理包括:100%化肥(4CN),50%的猪粪(2CN+2MN)、秸秆(2CN+2SN)、猪粪配合秸秆替代化肥(2CN+1MN+1SN)。有机替代处理显著提高芹菜和番茄的产量,较单施化肥处理分别提高6.9-13.8%和8.6-18.1%,其中,2CN+1MN+1SN处理的产量最高。有机肥/秸秆替代化肥模式持续10年后,与4CN处理相比,有机替代处理减少总磷和无机磷的累积;显著提高土壤速效磷、有机磷和微生物量磷;促进酸性和碱性磷酸单酯酶、磷酸二酯酶、植酸酶和微生物的活性。此外,偏最小二乘路径模型(PLS-PM)分析表明,土壤的C/P比显著并直接影响磷酸酶活性和微生物群落结构,进而对蔬菜产量和土壤磷库产生积极的影响。偏最小二乘(PLS)回归表明,丛枝菌根真菌对磷酸酶活性有积极影响。该研究结果表明,有机肥部分替代化肥施肥模式能够提高微生物活性,促进土壤磷的转化和有效性。综合考虑土壤磷库,微生物活动和蔬菜产量,猪粪与秸秆配合施用对于开发可持续的磷管理措施更为有效


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11. JIA-2021-0058高温没有降低潜叶蝇寄主致死型寄生蜂-芙新姬小蜂(膜翅目: 姬小蜂科)的控害潜力
XUAN Jing-li, XIAO Yue, YE Fu-yu, ZHANG Yi-bo, TAO Shu-xia, GUO Jian-yang, LIU Wan-xue
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (6): 1722-1730.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63727-9
摘要218)      PDF    收藏

在寄主-寄生蜂体系中,温度作为一个重要的非生物因子可能影响到寄生蜂生物防治的效力。在本研究中,我们以幼虫内寄生蜂-芙新姬小蜂为研究对象,在室内研究四种温度下(26, 29, 32, 和 35°C)其寄生蜂对蔬菜潜叶蝇-美洲斑潜蝇的控害潜力,且用芸豆室内饲养美洲斑潜蝇种群。研究结果表明:与最佳温度26°C相比,高温(29, 32 和 35°C)虽然降低了雌蜂的寿命,但是由于雌蜂在高温下增加了日均致死数,导致高温没有显著影响该雌蜂的总寄主致死数。此外,该雌蜂的生活史参数(寿命,寄生数,直接致死数及非繁殖型寄主致死数)均与温度和寄主取食数呈线性关系。该研究结果有助于更好的理解寄生蜂芙新姬小蜂在高温季节/环境下对蔬菜潜叶蝇的防控。

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12. Establishment and application of an SNP molecular identification system for grape cultivars
WANG Fu-qiang, FAN Xiu-cai, ZHANG Ying, SUN Lei, LIU Chong-huai, JIANG Jian-fu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (4): 1044-1057.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63654-7
摘要228)      PDF    收藏

基于简化基因组测序技术(SLAF-seq)对304份葡萄种质测序获得的4241729个SNP位点,依次按照SNP位点只在染色体上的DNA链上前后大于50bp序列保守;具有二态性;SNP位点在304份葡萄种质中的基因型缺失率(Missing rate)<0.05,MAF>0.3;304份葡萄种质的重测序单个SNP位点平均测序深度>=10×;具备特异性等条件,筛选一组高质量SNP位点,用于KASP标记的转化。使用Perl语言计算出一组能够有效区分304份测序种质的标记,并用23份葡萄代表性品种进行初筛。充分结合前人研究进展,将课题组已筛选出的22个KASP标记同初筛出的标记一起使用348份葡萄种质进行复筛。对复筛的结果进行群体结构分析、主成分分析、遗传进化聚类分析验证标记的可靠性和准确性,并确定出一组核心KASP标记,构建葡萄品种SNP分子鉴定体系。从基于简化基因组测序技术(SLAF-seq)对304份葡萄种质测序获得的4 241729个群体SNP位点中筛选517个高质量的SNP位点,并成功设计出442个KASP标记。使用程序计算出一组只用能完全区分304份葡萄种质的27个标记组合,并使用23个葡萄代表品种筛选出26个合格的标记。加上课题组前期筛选出的22个标记,共48个KASP标记基于348份葡萄种质复筛出46个优质KASP标记,其MAF值大于0.3的占96%,PIC值均大于0.4,均为高度多态性标记。群体结构分析、主成分分析、聚类分析均显示348份葡萄种质分为2大类最佳。另外,聚类分析更加细化的将其分为6个亚类,证明美洲种、刺葡萄、毛葡萄、山葡萄同欧亚种的遗传距离较远,而欧美杂种、欧山杂种介于两者之间。发现有11组基因型一致的种质,获得一组能够有效鉴别333份葡萄种质的25个KASP标记,鉴定效率达到了95.69%,并作为我国葡萄品种SNP分子鉴定体系的核心标记,其余21个标记作为扩展标记。从4 241 729个群体SNP中筛选517个高质量的SNP位点,并成功设计出442个KASP标记。先后使用23个葡萄代表品种和348份葡萄种质筛选出46个优质KASP标记,构建348份葡萄种质的SNP指纹图谱,并将其中能够有效鉴别333份葡萄种质的25个KASP标记作为我国葡萄品种SNP分子鉴定体系的核心标记,其余21个标记作为扩展标记。因此,基于KASP分型技术的SNP分子标记为葡萄品种的DNA指纹图谱绘制提供了一种新途径。该技术效率高,准确性高,成本低,比目前的其他鉴定方法更具竞争力,在葡萄的DUS测试以及在市场维权等方面具有极好的应用前景。


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13. JIA-2021-1117 生长羔羊胃肠道真菌群落的发育规律
YIN Xue-jiao, JI Shou-kun, DUAN Chun-hui, TIAN Pei-zhi, JU Si-si, YAN Hui, ZHANG Ying-jie, LIU Yue-qin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (11): 3314-3328.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.092
摘要249)      PDF    收藏

胃肠道真菌群落对于动物的健康和生长性能十分重要,但目前其在消化道内的定植过程尚不清楚。本研究目的是探究生长羔羊从出生至四月龄胃肠道真菌群落的发育规律。本实验选择10只初生湖羊母羔(2.87 ± 0.28 kg)作为实验动物,利用IT1S rDNA测序手段,测定0,3,10,20,30,45,60,90,120日龄羔羊瘤胃和直肠内容物真菌区系,联合随机森林分析,探究10只湖羊母羔从出生至4月龄瘤胃和直肠真菌群落的动态变化,确定真菌区系在胃肠道的建立过程。结果表明,随着羔羊日龄的增加,胃肠道真菌群落的组成、多样性和菌群丰度受到显著影响(P<0.05)。在门水平上,Ascomycota和Basidiomycota在瘤胃和直肠样品中均占主导地位。各日龄组内瘤胃真菌群落相似性在45日龄时显著增加(P<0.05),而各日龄组内直肠真菌群落相似性在60日龄后显著增加(P<0.05)。随年龄变化的属,Acremonium, Microascus, Valsonectria, Myrmecridium, Scopulariopsis, Myrothecium, Saccharomyces 和 Stephanonectria在瘤胃和直肠中均随羔羊年龄变化而改变,说明这些真菌可能在羔羊生长发育过程中起到关键性作用,并且说明上消化道的微生物可能会对下消化道的微生物区系产生影响。主坐标分析结果表示,瘤胃和直肠真菌群落存在显著差异(P<0.05)。本研究表明,真菌群落在胃肠道演替过程可以分为三个阶段:定植阶段(0-10日龄),过渡阶段(10-45日龄),和相对稳定的逐渐成熟阶段(45-120日龄)。本实验结果表明,羔羊的年龄和胃肠道的不同部位均会影响真菌群落组成,为真菌在羔羊早期生长发育过程的调控奠定理论基础。本研究较全面的比较分析了120日龄之前,湖羊羔羊胃肠道真菌建立过程和此过程中逐步行使主导作用的优势菌群,分析发现了不同日龄阶段胃肠道真菌结构的特征。

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14. H7亚型禽流感病毒cELISA抗体检测方法的建立
WANG Cong-cong, WANG Si-wen, ZHANG Ying, SHI Jian-zhong, YIN Xin, LI Cheng-jun, WANG Xiu-rong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (1): 199-207.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63645-6
摘要167)      PDF    收藏

【目的】H7亚型禽流感病毒(Avian influenza virus, AIV)和H5亚型一样,多数属于高致病性毒株,通常在禽类间传播,引起家禽出现严重的临床症状和高死亡率从1996年至2012年,加拿大、意大利、墨西哥、荷兰、英国和美国出现了人感染H7亚型流感病毒(H7N2H7N3H7N7)的病例。2013年,中国报告了人感染H7N9流感病毒事件,此后,该病毒持续在人和类中传播。因此,开展H7亚型禽流感病毒抗体检测工作成为一个重要问题。【方法】该研究用纯化H7-AIV作为包被抗原,辣根过氧化物酶(Horseradish peroxidase, HRP)标记的单克隆抗体1H9HRP-1H9)作为竞争抗体,采用棋盘滴定法建立了一种检测H7亚AIV抗体的竞争酶联免疫吸附实验(Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, cELISA)【结果】抗原包被的最佳浓度为5 μg mL-1,血清稀释度为1/10,酶标抗体为1/3000。用ROC曲线分析法测定178份AIV阴性和368份AIV阳性血清(n=546)的cELISA临界值PI40%时,cELISA的特异性和敏感性分别为99.15%98.12%。该方法可检测H7NxN1--N4N7--N9)禽流感病毒抗体,与H1 -- H6H8 -- H15亚型禽流感病毒及鸡新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus, NDV)、传染性支气管炎病毒(Infectious bronchitis virus, IBV)和传染性法氏囊病病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)等常见禽类病毒无反应,具有良好的特异性。该方法与血凝素抑制试验的符合率为98.56%。重复性实验表明,批内和批间重复的变异系数均小于12%【结论、创新性】综上所述,研究利用H7亚型特异性酶标单克隆抗体作为竞争抗体,建立了cELISA抗体检测方法,其优势是酶标抗体与待检血清同时加入反应孔中进行竞争反应,与先加入待检血清,再加竞争抗体反应的常规方法比较,简化了操作步骤,缩短反应时间,开展H7-AIV抗体的大量检测提供了一种简单、便捷的技术手段

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15. Improving winter wheat grain yield and water-/nitrogen-use efficiency by optimizing the micro-sprinkling irrigation amount and nitrogen application rate
LI Jin-peng, ZHANG Zhen, YAO Chun-sheng, LIU Yang, WANG Zhi-min, FANG Bao-ting, ZHANG Ying-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (2): 606-621.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63407-4
摘要174)      PDF    收藏
Available irrigation resources are becoming increasingly scarce in the North China Plain (NCP), and nitrogen-use efficiency of crop production is also relatively low. Thus, it is imperative to improve the water-use efficiency (WUE) and nitrogen fertilizer productivity on the NCP. Here, we conducted a two-year field experiment to explore the effects of different irrigation amounts (S60, 60 mm; S90, 90 mm; S120, 120 mm; S150, 150 mm) and nitrogen application rates (150, 195 and 240 kg ha–1; denoted as N1, N2 and N3, respectively) under micro-sprinkling with water and nitrogen combined on the grain yield (GY), yield components, leaf area index (LAI), flag leaf chlorophyll content, dry matter accumulation (DM), WUE, and nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP). The results indicated that the GY and NPFP increased significantly with increasing irrigation amount, but there was no significant difference between S120 and S150; WUE significantly increased first but then decreased with increasing irrigation and S120 achieved the highest WUE. The increase in nitrogen was beneficial to improving the GY and WUE in S60 and S90, while the excessive nitrogen application (N3) significantly reduced the GY and WUE in S120 and S150 compared with those in the N2 treatment. The NPFP significantly decreased with increasing nitrogen rate under the same irrigation treatments. The synchronous increase in spike number (SN) and 1 000-grain weight (TWG) was the main reason for the large increase in GY by micro-sprinkling with increasing irrigation, and the differences in SN and TGW between S120 and S150 were small. Under S60 and S90, the TGW increased with increasing nitrogen application, which enhanced the GY, while N2 achieved the highest TWG in S120 and S150. At the filling stage, the LAI increased with increasing irrigation, and greater amounts of irrigation significantly increased the chlorophyll content in the flag leaf, which was instrumental in increasing DM after anthesis and increasing the TGW. Micro-sprinkling with increased amounts of irrigation or excessive nitrogen application decreased the WUE mainly due to the increase in total water consumption (ET) and the small increase or decrease in GY. Moreover, the increase in irrigation increased the total nitrogen accumulation or contents (TNC) of plants at maturity and reduced the residual nitrate-nitrogen in the soil (SNC), which was conducive to the increase in NPFP, but there was no significant difference in TNC between S120 and S150. Under the same irrigation treatments, an increase in nitrogen application significantly increased the residual SNC and decreased the NPFP. Overall, micro-sprinkling with 120 mm of irrigation and a total nitrogen application of 195 kg ha–1 can lead to increases in GY, WUE and NPFP on the NCP.
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16. In situ measurements of winter wheat diurnal changes in photosynthesis and environmental factors reveal new insight into photosynthesis improvement by super-high-yield cultivation
MA Ming-yang, LIU Yang, ZHANG Yao-wen, QIN Wei-long, WANG Zhi-min, ZHANG Ying-hua, LU Cong-ming, LU Qing-tao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (2): 527-539.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63554-7
摘要120)      PDF    收藏
In past 30 years, the wheat yield per unit area of China has increased by 79%. The super-high-yield (SH) cultivation played an important role in improving the wheat photosynthesis and yield. In order to find the ecophysiological mechanism underneath the high photosynthesis of SH cultivation, in situ diurnal changes in the photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence of field-grown wheat plants during the grain-filling stage and environmental factors were investigated. During the late grain-filling stage at 24 days after anthesis (DAA), the diurnal changes in net CO2 assimilation rate were higher under SH treatment than under high-yield (H) treatment. From 8 to 24 DAA, the actual quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) electron transport in the light-adapted state (ΦPSII) in the flag leaves at noon under SH treatment were significantly higher than those under H treatment. The leaf temperature, soil temperature and soil moisture were better suited for higher rates of leaf photosynthesis under SH treatment than those under H treatment at noon. Such diurnal changes in environmental factors in wheat fields could be one of the mechanisms for the higher biomass and yield under SH cultivation than those under H cultivation. ΦPSII and CO2 exchange rate in wheat flag leaves under SH and H treatments had a linear correlation which could provide new insight to evaluate the wheat photosynthesis performance under different conditions.
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17. Identification and gene mapping of the starch accumulation and premature leaf senescence mutant ossac4 in rice
ZHU Mao-di, CHEN Xin-long, ZHU Xiao-yan, XING Ya-di, DU Dan, ZHANG Ying-ying, LIU Ming-ming, ZHANG Qiu-li, LU Xin, PENG Sha-sha, HE Guang-hua, ZHANG Tian-quan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (9): 2150-2164.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62814-5
摘要140)      PDF    收藏
The rice mutant ossac4 (starch accumulating 4) was raised from seeds of the rice (Oryza sativa L.) indica maintainer line Xinong 1B treated with ethyl methanesulfonate.  The distal and medial portions of the second leaf displayed premature senescence in the ossac4 mutant at the four-leaf stage.  Physiological and biochemical analysis, and cytological examination revealed that the ossac4 mutant exhibited the premature leaf senescence phenotype.  At the four-leaf stage, the leaves of the ossac4 mutant exhibited significantly increased contents of starch compared with those of the wild type (WT).  Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of photosynthesis-associated genes were down-regulated and the expression levels of glucose metabolism-associated genes were abnormal.  Genetic analysis indicated that the ossac4 mutation was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene.  The OsSAC4 gene was localized to a 322.7-kb interval between the simple-sequence repeat marker XYH11-90 and the single-nucleotide polymorphism marker SNP5300 on chromosome 11.  The target interval contained 20 annotated genes.  The present results demonstrated that ossac4 represents a novel starch accumulation and premature leaf senescence mutant, and lays the foundation for cloning and functional analysis of OsSAC4.
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18. Gene mapping and candidate gene analysis of aberrant-floral spikelet 1 (afs1) in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
ZHANG Ting, YOU Jing, YU Guo-ling, ZHANG Yi, CHEN Huan, LI Yi-dan, YE Li, YAO Wan-yue, TU Yu-jie, LING Ying-hua, HE Guang-hua, LI Yun-feng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (4): 921-930.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62847-9
摘要136)      PDF    收藏
The spikelet is a unique inflorescence structure in grasses.  However, the molecular mechanism that regulates its development remains unclear, and we therefore characterize a spikelet mutant of rice (Oryza sativa L.), aberrant-floral spikelet 1 (afs1), which was derived from treatment of Xinong 1B with ethyl methanesulfonate.  In the afs1 mutant, the spikelet developed an additional lemma-like organ alongside the other normally developed floral organs, and the paleae were degenerated to differing degrees with or without normally developed inner floral organs.  Genetic analysis revealed that the afs1 phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene.  The AFS1 gene was mapped between the insertion/deletion (InDel) marker Indel19 and the simple sequence repeat marker RM16893, with a physical distance of 128.5 kb on chromosome 4.  Using sequence analysis, we identified the deletion of a 5-bp fragment and a transversion from G to A within LOC_Os04g32510/ LAX2, which caused early termination of translation in the afs1 mutant.  These findings suggest that AFS1 may be a new allele of LAX2, and is involved in the development of floral organs by regulating the expression of genes related to their development.  The above results provide a new view on the function of LAX2, which may also regulate the development of spikelets.
 
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19. Rejuvenating soybean (Glycine max L.) growth and development through slight shading stress
WEN Bing-xiao, Sajad Hussain, YANG Jia-yue, WANG Shan, ZHANG Yi, QIN Si-si, XU Mei, YANG Wen-yu, LIU Wei-guo
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (10): 2439-2450.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63159-8
摘要123)      PDF    收藏
The impact of increased shading stress on agronomic traits, photosynthetic performance and antioxidants activities in leaves of two soybeans cultivars (D16 and E93) was studied.  Soybean seedlings were grown in pots and exposed to no shade (S0), slight shade (S1), moderate shade (S2), and heavy shade (S3).  Our findings showed that under the S3 in both cultivars, leaf fresh weight (LFW), specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf thickness decreased significantly, accompanied by a reduction in photochemical parameters including the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and electron transport rate (ETR).  Furthermore, compared to S0, S1 significantly increased the ETR, sucrose content and the activity of catalase (CAT) in both D16 and E93 cultivars while S2 and S3 decreased the activity.  However, under all treatments of shading stress, the antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were lowered in both cultivars.  Such morphological and physiological plasticity to adapt S1 compensates for the decrease in biomass and leads to seed weight compared to that obtained with an amount of normal light.  Through configuring the space in the intercropping systems, S1 could be helpful for optimum growth and yield.  Redesigning photosynthesis through S1 for the intercropping systems could be a smart approach.
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20.
Mapping and genetic validation of a grain size QTL qGS7.1 in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
XUE Pao1, ZHANG Ying-xin1, LOU Xiang-yang1, ZHU Ai-ke, CHEN Yu-yu, SUN Bin, YU Ping, CHENG Shi-hua, CAO Li-yong, ZHAN Xiao-deng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (8): 1838-1850.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62113-6
摘要202)      PDF    收藏
Grain size is a major determinant of grain weight, which is one of the components of rice yield.  The objective o this study was to identify novel, and important quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for grain size and weight in rice.  QTLs were mapped using a BC4F4 population including 192 backcross inbred lines (BILs) derived from a backcross between Xiaolijing (XLJ) and recombinant inbred lines (RILs).  The mapping population was planted in both Lingshui (Hainan, 2015) and Fuyang (Zhejiang, 2016), with the short- and long-day conditions, respectively.  A total of 10 QTLs for grain length, four for grain width, four for the ratio of grain length to width, and 11 for grain weight were detected in at least one environment and were distributed across 11 chromosomes.  The phenotypic variance explained ranged from 6.76–25.68%, 14.30–34.03%, 5.28–26.50%, and 3.01–22.87% for grain length, grain width, the ratio of grain length to width, and thousand grain weight, respectively.  Using the sequential residual heterozygotes (SeqRHs) method, qGS7.1, a QTL for grain size and weight, was mapped in a 3.2-Mb interval on chromosome 7.  No QTLs about grain size and weight were reported in previous studies in this region, providing a good candidate for functional analysis and breeding utilization.
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21. Supplemental blue and red light promote lycopene synthesis in tomato fruits
XIE Bao-xing, WEI Jing-jing, ZHANG Yi-ting, SONG Shi-wei, SU Wei, SUN Guang-wen, HAO Yanwei, LIU Hou-cheng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (3): 590-598.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62062-3
摘要269)      PDF(pc) (440KB)(711)    收藏
Lycopene, one of the strongest natural antioxidants known and the main carotene in ripe tomato, is very important for human health.  Light is well known to be one of the most important environmental stimuli influencing lycopene biosynthesis; specifically, red light induces higher lycopene content in tomato.  However, whether blue light promotes lycopene synthesis remains elusive and exactly how light stimulation promotes lycopene synthesis remains unclear.  We applied supplemental blue and red lighting on tomato plants at anthesis to monitor the effect of supplemental blue and red lighting on lycopene synthesis.  Our results showed that supplemental blue/red lighting induced higher lycopene content in tomato fruits; furthermore, we found that the expression of key genes in the lycopene synthesis pathway was induced by supplemented blue/red light.  The expression of light signaling components, such as red-light receptor phytochromes (PHYs), blue-light receptor cryptochromes (CRYs) and light interaction factors, phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) were up- or down-regulated by blue/red lighting.  Thus, blue and red light increased lycopene content in tomatoes by inducing light receptors that modulate HY5 and PIFs activation to mediate phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1) gene expression.  These results provide a sound theoretical basis for further elucidation of the light regulating mechanism of lycopene synthesis in tomatoes, and for instituting a new generation of technological innovations for the enhancement of lycopene accumulation in crop production.
 
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22. Discovery of leaf region and time point related modules and genes in maize (Zea mays L.) leaves by Weighted Gene Co-expression Network analysis (WGCNA) of gene expression profiles of carbon metabolism
WANG Jing-lu, ZHANG Ying, PAN Xiao-di, DU Jian-jun, MA Li-ming, GUO Xin-yu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2019, 18 (2): 350-360.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62029-5
摘要290)      PDF(pc) (1658KB)(274)    收藏
Maize (Zea mays L.) yield depends not only on the conversion and accumulation of carbohydrates in kernels, but also on the supply of carbohydrates by leaves.  However, the carbon metabolism process in leaves can vary across different leaf regions and during the day and night.  Hence, we used Weighted Gene Co-expression Network analysis (WGCNA) with the gene expression profiles of carbon metabolism to identify the modules and genes that may associate with particular regions in a leaf and time of day.  There were a total of 45 samples of maize leaves that were taken from three different regions of a growing maize leaf at five time points.  Robust Multi-array Average analysis was used to pre-process the raw data of GSE85963 (accession number), and quality control of data was based on Pearson correlation coefficients.  We obtained eight co-expression network modules.  The modules with the highest significance of association with LeafRegion and TimePoint were selected.  Functional enrichment and gene-gene interaction analyses were conducted to acquire the hub genes and pathways in these significant modules.  These results can support the findings of similar studies by providing evidence of potential module genes and enriched pathways associated with leaf development in maize.
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23. Suitability of the DNDC model to simulate yield production and nitrogen uptake for maize and soybean intercropping in the North China Plain
ZHANG Yi-tao, LIU Jian, WANG Hong-yuan, LEI Qiu-liang, LIU Hong-bin, ZHAI Li-mei, REN Tian-zhi, ZHANG Ji-zong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (12): 2790-2801.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61945-8
摘要285)      PDF(pc) (577KB)(671)    收藏
Intercropping is an important agronomic practice.  However, assessment of intercropping systems using field experiments is often limited by time and cost.  In this study, the suitability of using the DeNitrification DeComposition (DNDC) model to simulate intercropping of maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) and its aftereffect on the succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop was tested in the North China Plain.  First, the model was calibrated and corroborated to simulate crop yield and nitrogen (N) uptake based on a field experiment with a typical double cropping system.  With a wheat crop in winter, the experiment included five treatments in summer: maize monoculture, soybean monoculture, intercropping of maize and soybean with no N topdressing to maize (N0), intercropping of maize and soybean with 75 kg N ha–1 topdressing to maize (N75), and intercropping of maize and soybean with 180 kg N ha–1 topdressing to maize (N180).  All treatments had 45 kg N ha–1 as basal fertilizer.  After calibration and corroboration, DNDC was used to simulate long-term (1955 to 2012) treatment effects on yield.  Results showed that DNDC could stringently capture the yield and N uptake of the intercropping system under all N management scenarios, though it tended to underestimate wheat yield and N uptake under N0 and N75.  Long-term simulation results showed that N75 led to the highest maize and soybean yields per unit planting area among all treatments, increasing maize yield by 59% and soybean yield by 24%, resulting in a land utilization rate 42% higher than monoculture.  The results suggest a high potential to promote soybean production by intercropping soybean with maize in the North China Plain, which will help to meet the large national demand for soybean.
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24. Influence of lactic acid bacteria, cellulase, cellulase-producing Bacillus pumilus and their combinations on alfalfa silage quality
LI Dong-xia, NI Kui-kui, ZHANG Ying-chao, LIN Yan-li, YANG Fu-yu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (12): 2768-2782.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62060-X
摘要290)      PDF    收藏
This study assessed the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), cellulase, cellulase-producing Bacillus pumilus and their combinations on the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition, bacterial community and in vitro digestibility of alfalfa silage.  A completely randomized design involving a 8 (silage additives)×3 or 2 (silage days) factorial arrangement of treatments was adopted in the present study.  The 8 silage additive treatments were: untreated alfalfa (control); two commercial additives (GFJ and Chikuso-1); an originally selected LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum a214) isolated from alfalfa silage; a cellulase-producing Bacillus (CB) isolated from fresh alfalfa; cellulase (C); and the combined additives (a214+C and a214+CB).  Silage fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and microorganism populations were analysed after 30, 60 and 65 days (60 days followed by exposure to air for five additional days).  In vitro digestibility was analysed for 30 and 60 days.  Compared with the other treatments, selected LAB a214, a214 combined with either C or CB, and Chikuso-1 had the decreased (P<0.001) pH and increased (P<0.001) lactic acid concentrations during the ensiling process, and there were no differences (P>0.05) among them.  Fiber degradation was not significant (P≥0.054) in any C or CB treatments.  The a214 treatment showed the highest (P=0.009) in vitro digestibility of dry matter (595.0 g kg–1 DM) after ensiling and the highest abundance of Lactobacillus (69.42 and 79.81%, respectively) on days 60 and 65, compared to all of other treatments.  Overall, the silage quality of alfalfa was improved with the addition of a214, which indicates its potential as an alfalfa silage inoculant.
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25. Supplemental blue light increases growth and quality of greenhouse pak choi depending on cultivar and supplemental light intensity
ZHENG Yin-jian, ZHANG Yi-ting, LIU Hou-cheng, LI Ya-min, LIU Ying-liang, HAO Yan-wei, LEI Bing-fu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (10): 2245-2256.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62064-7
摘要364)      PDF    收藏
To evaluate the supplementary blue light intensity on growth and health-promoting compounds in pak choi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. communis), four blue light intensity treatments (T0, T50, T100 and T150 indicate 0, 50, 100, and 150 μmol m–2 s–1, respectively) were applied 10 days before harvest under greenhouse conditions.  Both of cultivars (green- and red-leaf pak choi) under T50 had the highest yield, content of chlorophyll and sugars.  With light intensity increasing, antioxidant compounds (vitamin C and carotenoids) significantly increased, while nitrate content showed an opposite trend.  The health-promoting compounds (phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and glucosinolates) were significantly higher under supplementary light treatment than T0, so as the antioxidant capacity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric-reducing antioxidant power).  The species-specific differences in photosynthetic pigment and health-promoting compounds was found in green- and red-leaf pak choi.  T50 treatment could be used for yield improvement, whereas T100 treatment could be applied for quality improvement.  Results showed that blue light intensity can regulate the accumulation of biomass, morphology and health-promoting compounds in pak choi under greenhouse conditions.
 
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26. Beneficial effects of silicon on photosynthesis of tomato seedlings under water stress
ZHANG Yi, SHI Yu, GONG Hai-jun, ZHAO Hai-liang, LI Huan-li, HU Yan-hong, WANG Yi-chao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (10): 2151-2159.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62038-6
摘要694)      PDF(pc) (930KB)(1005)    收藏
Silicon can improve drought tolerance of plants, but the mechanism still remains unclear.  Previous studies have mainly concentrated on silicon-accumulating plants, whereas less work has been conducted in silicon-excluding plants, such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.).  In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous silicon (2.5 mmol L–1) on the chlorophyll fluorescence and expression of photosynthesis-related genes in tomato seedlings (Zhongza 9) under water stress induced by 10% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000).  The results showed that under water stress, the growth of shoot and root was inhibited, and the chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations were decreased, while silicon addition improved the plant growth and increased the concentrations of chlorophyll and carotenoid.  Under water sterss, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters such as PSII maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), effective quantum efficiency, actual photochemical quantum efficiency (ФPSII), photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR), and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) were decreased; while these changes were reversed in the presence of added silicon.  The expressions of some photosynthesis-related genes including PetE, PetF, PsbP, PsbQ, PsbW, and Psb28 were down-regulated under water stress, and exogenous Si could partially up-regulate their expressions.  These results suggest that silicon plays a role in the alleviation of water stress by modulating some photosynthesis-related genes and regulating the photochemical process, and thus promoting photosynthesis.
 
 
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27. Implications of step-chilling on meat color investigated using proteome analysis of the sarcoplasmic protein fraction of beef longissimus lumborum muscle
ZHANG Yi-min, ZHANG Xiu-ze, WANG Tian-tian, David L. Hopkins, MAO Yan-wei, LIANG Rong-rong, YANG Guang-fu, LUO Xin, ZHU Li-xian
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (09): 2118-2125.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)62028-3
摘要457)      PDF(pc) (5571KB)(308)    收藏
In order to improve beef color and color stability, step-chilling (SC) was applied on excised bovine longissimus lumborum muscle, with chilling starting at 0–4°C for 5 h, then holding the temperature at 12–18°C for 6 h, followed by 0–4°C again until 24 h post-mortem.  pH and temperature were measured during rigor on SC loins as well as those subjected to routine chilling (RC, 0–4°C, till 24 h post-mortem).  Color L*, a*, b* values, metmyoglobin (MetMb) content, MetMb reducing ability (MRA) and NADH content were determined on samples aged for 1, 7, and 14 d.  Sarcoplasmic proteome analysis was only conducted on d 1 samples.  The results showed muscles subjected to SC maintained a temperature at around 15°C for 5 to 10 h post-mortem, and exhibited a slow temperature decline, but rapid pH decline.  Beef steaks treated with SC had higher L*, a*, b* and chroma values than those of RC samples at 1 and 7 d chilled storage (0–4°C), while showing no significant difference for a*, b* and chroma values at d 14.  The SC samples also exhibited a lower relative content of surface MetMb, higher MRA and NADH content, compared with RC beef steaks during storage, indicating the SC-treated beef showed an improved color stability.  Eleven differential protein spots/nine proteins were identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, and those proteins were mainly involved in redox, chaperone binding, metabolic and peroxidase activity.  Oxidoreductases play a role in decreasing the oxidation-induced myoglobin oxidation and benefiting the production of NADH, and finally improving the colour of beef.  Of these, pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta showed a positive correlation with color L*, a*, b* values and accounted for more than 60% of the variation in color values; this protein can be considered as a potential beef color biomarker.  The present study provided valuable information for studies on the molecular mechanism of color improvement from step-chilling, as well as for identifying markers associated with beef color.
 
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28. Characterisation of pH decline and meat color development of beef carcasses during the early postmortem period in a Chinese beef cattle abattoir
ZHANG Yi-min, David L. Hopkins, ZHAO Xiao-xiao, Remy van de Ven, MAO Yan-wei, ZHU Li-xian, HAN Guang-xing, LUO Xin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (07): 1691-1695.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61890-2
摘要600)      PDF    收藏
This study investigated the pH/temperature decline of beef carcasses in a typical Chinese abattoir and color development as pH declined during rigor onset.  A natural cubic spline model was used to model the pH/temperature decline for those carcasses which passed through pH 6.0.  Six of the 97 carcasses that exhibited a high (≥6.10) ultimate pH (pHu) (dark-cutting) in the M. longissimus lumborum (LL) were sampled, along with the same numbers of normal pHu and intermediate pHu carcasses (5.40–5.79; 5.80–6.10, respectively), to examine color development within 24 h postmortem.  It was shown that 66.7% of the modeled carcasses were outside the ideal pH/temperature window with a temperature@pH6.0 lower than ideal, suggesting the need for acceleration of the pH decline.  The stable and low a*, b* and chroma values of high pHu beef within the first 12 h indicated dark-cutting beef might be detected earlier than expected.   
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29. A simulation of winter wheat crop responses to irrigation management using CERES-Wheat model in the North China Plain
ZHOU Li-li, LIAO Shu-hua, WANG Zhi-min, WANG Pu, ZHANG Ying-hua, YAN Hai-jun, GAO Zhen, SHEN Si, LIANG Xiao-gui, WANG Jia-hui, ZHOU Shun-li
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (05): 1181-1193.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61818-5
摘要540)      PDF(pc) (1260KB)(256)    收藏
Received  2 August, 2017    Accepted  31 October, 2017
 © 2018, CAAS. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
doi:
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30. The positive function of selenium supplementation on reducing nitrate accumulation in hydroponic lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
LEI Bo, BIAN Zhong-hua, YANG Qi-chang, WANG Jun, CHENG Rui-feng, LI Kun, LIU Wen-ke, ZHANG Yi, FANG Hui, TONG Yun-xin
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (04): 837-846.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61759-3
摘要586)      PDF    收藏
High nitrate (NO3) in vegetables, especially in leaf vegetables poses threaten to human health.  Selenium (Se) is an important element for maintaining human health, and exogenous Se application during vegetable and crop production is an effective way to prevent Se deficiency in human bodies.  Exogenous Se shows positive function on plant growth and nutrition uptake under abiotic and/or biotic stresses.  However, the influence of exogenous Se on NO3 accumulation in hydroponic vegetables is still not clear.  In the present study, hydroponic lettuce plants were subjected to six different concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5, 5, 10 and 50 µmol L–1) of Se as Na2SeO3.  The effects of Se on NO3 content, plant growth, and photosynthetic capacity of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were investigated.  The results showed that exogenous Se positively decreased NO3 content and this effect was concentration-dependent.  The lowest NO3 content was obtained under 0.5 µmol L–1 Se treatment.  The application of Se enhanced photosynthetic capacity by increasing the photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Cs) and the transpiration efficiency (Tr) of lettuce.  The transportation and assimilation of NO3 and activities of nitrogen metabolism enzymes in lettuce were also analysed.  The NO3 efflux in the lettuce roots was markedly increased, but the efflux of NO3 from the root to the shoot was decreased after treated with exogenous Se.  Moreover, Se application stimulated NO3 assimilation by enhancing nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase enzyme (GOGAT) activities.  These results provide direct evidence that exogenous Se shows positive function on decreasing NO3 accumulation via regulating the transport and enhancing activities of nitrogen metabolism enzyme in lettuce.  We suggested that 0.5 µmol L–1 Se can be used to reduce NO3 content and increase hydroponic lettuce yield. 
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