确定华北地区典型的冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系中的磷平衡阈值以优化磷投入和调节土壤磷有效性

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2023.05.030

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

磷（P）是一种不可再生资源，也是植物生长的关键营养元素，对作物产量的提高起着重要作用。磷肥的过量施用在农业生产中很普遍，这不仅浪费了磷肥资源，还造成了磷的积累和地下水污染。为了获得较高的产量和磷素利用效率（PUE），我们假设农业系统的表观磷平衡可以作为确定磷投入阈值的关键指标。因此，我们进行了长达12年的定位田间试验，包括6个施磷处理，施磷量分别为0、45、90、135、180和225 kg P₂O₅ ha^–1，以明确作物产量、PUE和土壤Olsen-P对磷平衡的反应并优化磷投入。结果表明，当磷肥施用量超过某一水平时，周年产量不再增加，当周年磷肥施用量为90–135 kg P₂O₅ ha^–1时可以实现较高的产量和PUE。当磷平衡阈值为2.15–4.45 kg P ha^–1时可以实现最佳产量和最小的环境风险。基于磷平衡阈值估算的磷投入为95.7–101 kg P₂O₅ ha^–1，施磷量在此阈值内时可以协同提高产量与PUE（90.0–94.9%）。此外，本研究发现磷投入-产出平衡框架的建立有助于评估土壤Olsen-P在未来的变化，其中土壤磷平衡每增加100 kg P ha^–1，有效磷含量上升4.07 mg kg^–1。总之，磷平衡可以作为农业生产中磷管理的一个重要指标，为限制磷过剩和制定更高产、高效和环保的磷肥管理策略提供有力参考。

Abstract:

Phosphorus (P) is a nonrenewable resource and a critical element for plant growth that plays an important role in improving crop yield. Excessive P fertilizer application is widespread in agricultural production, which not only wastes phosphate resources but also causes P accumulation and groundwater pollution. Here, we hypothesized that the apparent P balance of a crop system could be used as an indicator for identifying the critical P input in order to obtain a high yield with high phosphorus use efficiency (PUE). A 12-year field experiment with P fertilization rates of 0, 45, 90, 135, 180, and 225 kg P₂O₅ ha^–1 was conducted to determine the crop yield, PUE, and soil Olsen-P value response to P balance, and to optimize the P input. Annual yield stagnation occurred when the P fertilizer application exceeded a certain level, and high yield and PUE levels were achieved with annual P fertilizer application rates of 90–135 kg P₂O₅ ha^–1. A critical P balance range of 2.15–4.45 kg P ha^–1 was recommended to achieve optimum yield with minimal environmental risk. The critical P input range estimated from the P balance was 95.7–101 kg P₂O₅ ha^–1, which improved relative yield (>90%) and PUE (90.0–94.9%). In addition, the P input–output balance helps in assessing future changes in Olsen-P values, which increased by 4.07 mg kg^–1 of P for every 100 kg of P surplus. Overall, the P balance can be used as a critical indicator for P management in agriculture, providing a robust reference for limiting P excess and developing a more productive, efficient and environmentally friendly P fertilizer management strategy.

Key words: yield of winter wheat and summer maize , phosphorus balance , phosphorus use efficiency , Olsen-P , critical phosphorus application rate

XU Meng-ze, WANG Yu-hong, NIE Cai-e, SONG Gui-pei, XIN Su-ning, LU Yan-li, BAI You-lu, ZHANG Yin-jie, WANG Lei. 确定华北地区典型的冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系中的磷平衡阈值以优化磷投入和调节土壤磷有效性[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(12): 3769-3782.

XU Meng-ze, WANG Yu-hong, NIE Cai-e, SONG Gui-pei, XIN Su-ning, LU Yan-li, BAI You-lu, ZHANG Yin-jie, WANG Lei. Identifying the critical phosphorus balance for optimizing phosphorus input and regulating soil phosphorus effectiveness in a typical winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in North China[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(12): 3769-3782.

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