JIA-2022-0130 长期施用秸秆促进设施蔬菜土壤磷转化为中等活性磷、减少磷向下迁移和淋失

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.028

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2022, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (9): 2734-2749.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.028

所属专题：农业生态环境-有机碳与农业废弃物还田合辑Agro-ecosystem & Environment—SOC

JIA-2022-0130 长期施用秸秆促进设施蔬菜土壤磷转化为中等活性磷、减少磷向下迁移和淋失

收稿日期:2022-01-27 接受日期:2022-04-12 出版日期:2022-09-01 发布日期:2022-04-12

Long-term straw addition promotes moderately labile phosphorus formation, decreasing phosphorus downward migration and loss in greenhouse vegetable soil

ZHANG Yin-Jie¹, GAO Wei², LUAN Hao-an³, TANG Ji-wei¹, LI Ruo-nan⁴, LI Ming-Yue², ZHANG Huai-zhi¹, HUANG Shao-wen¹

¹Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R.China
² Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300192, P.R.China
³ College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, P.R.China
⁴ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, P.R.China

Received:2022-01-27 Accepted:2022-04-12 Online:2022-09-01 Published:2022-04-12
About author:ZHANG Yin-jie, E-mail: zzhangyinjie@126.com; Correspondence HUANG Shao-wen, Tel: +86-10-82108662, E-mail: huangshaowen@caas.cn; ZHANG Huai-zhi, Tel: +86-10-82108685, E-mail: zhanghuaizhi@caas.cn
Supported by:
This study was supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS–23-B04) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0201001).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究将XANES技术与化学连续浸提法相结合，探究土壤磷的形态和转化。10年的定位试验包括4个处理：100%化肥处理（4CN）、50%猪粪（2CN+2MN）、50%秸秆（2CN+2SN）、50%猪粪配合秸秆替代化肥处理（2CN+2MSN）。与单施化肥相比，有机替代施肥处理提高0−40 cm土层的活性磷含量，增幅为13.7-54.2%，主要组分是MgHPO₄·₃H₂O和CaHPO₄。有机替代施肥处理降低稳定性磷含量，羟基磷灰石（Ca5(PO₄)3OH）是主要组分，其比例随着土壤深度的增加呈增加的趋势。秸秆施用（2CN+2SN和2CN+2MSN处理）提高中等活性磷含量，降低底土（60−100 cm）活性磷的含量。此外，施用秸秆显著降低总磷、可溶性无机磷（DIP）和颗粒磷的淋失量和浓度。可溶性无机磷是磷淋溶流失的主要形态，其与可溶性有机碳和NO₃^--N存在共迁移现象。偏最小二乘路径模型表明，施用秸秆通过增加中等活性磷和降低底土中的活性磷来减少磷的浸出。总体而言，施用秸秆有利于制定可持续的磷管理措施，因为其增加了上层土壤中的活性磷可供植物吸收利用，并减少磷的迁移和淋失。

Abstract: Phosphorus (P) leaching is a major problem in greenhouse vegetable production with excessive P fertilizer application. Substitution of inorganic P fertilizer with organic fertilizer is considered a potential strategy to reduce leaching, but the effect of organic material addition on soil P transformation and leaching loss remains unclear. The X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy technique can determine P speciation at the molecular level. Here, we integrated XANES and chemical methods to explore P speciation and transformation in a 10-year field experiment with four treatments: 100% chemical fertilizer (4CN), 50% chemical N and 50% manure N (2CN+2MN), 50% chemical N and 50% straw N (2CN+2SN), and 50% chemical N and 25% manure N plus 25% straw N (2CN+2MSN). Compared with the 4CN treatment, the organic substitution treatments increased the content of labile P by 13.7–54.2% in the 0–40 cm soil layers, with newberyite and brushite being the main constituents of the labile P. Organic substitution treatments decreased the stable P content; hydroxyapatite was the main species and showed an increasing trend with increasing soil depth. Straw addition (2CN+2SN and 2CN+2MSN) resulted in a higher moderately labile P content and a lower labile P content in the subsoil (60–100 cm). Moreover, straw addition significantly reduced the concentrations and amounts of total P, dissolved inorganic P (DIP), and particulate P in leachate. DIP was the main form transferred by leaching and co-migrated with dissolved organic carbon. Partial least squares path modeling revealed that straw addition decreased P leaching by decreasing labile P and increasing moderately labile P in the subsoil. Overall, straw addition is beneficial for developing sustainable P management strategies due to increasing labile P in the upper soil layer for the utilization of plants, and decreasing P migration and leaching.

Key words: K-edge XANES , phosphorus speciation , leaching losses , sustainable phosphorus management , greenhouse vegetable production

. JIA-2022-0130 长期施用秸秆促进设施蔬菜土壤磷转化为中等活性磷、减少磷向下迁移和淋失[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(9): 2734-2749.

ZHANG Yin-Jie, GAO Wei, LUAN Hao-an, TANG Ji-wei, LI Ruo-nan, LI Ming-Yue, ZHANG Huai-zhi, HUANG Shao-wen. Long-term straw addition promotes moderately labile phosphorus formation, decreasing phosphorus downward migration and loss in greenhouse vegetable soil[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(9): 2734-2749.

参考文献

Andersson H, Bergström L, Djodjic F, Ulén B, Kirchmann H. 2013. Topsoil and subsoil properties influence phosphorus leaching from four agricultural soils. Journal of Environmental Quality, 42, 455–463.
Andersson H, Bergström L, Djodjic F, Ulén B, Kirchmann H, Webb J. 2016. Lime placement on subsoil as a strategy to reduce phosphorus leaching from agricultural soils. Soil Use And Management, 32, 381–389.
Antonangelo J A, Firmano R F, Zhang H, Colzato M, Abdala D B, Carvalho H W P, de Oliveira Junior A, Alleoni L R F. 2020. Phosphorus speciation by P-XANES in an Oxisol under long-term no-till cultivation. Geoderma, 377, 114580.
Bi Q F, Li K J, Zheng B X, Liu X P, Li H Z, Jin B J, Ding K, Yang X R, Lin X Y, Zhu Y G. 2020. Partial replacement of inorganic phosphorus (P) by organic manure reshapes phosphate mobilizing bacterial community and promotes P bioavailability in a paddy soil. Science of the Total Environment, 703, 134977.
Börling K, Barberis E, Otabbong E. 2004. Impact of long-term inorganic phosphorus fertilization on accumulation, sorption and release of phosphorus in five Swedish soil profiles. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 69, 11–21.
Breiman L. 2001. Random Forests. Machine Learning, 45, 5–32.
Calvin S. 2013. XAFS for Everyone. CRC Press, USA.
Cao X, Harris W G, Josan M S, Nair V D. 2007. Inhibition of calcium phosphate precipitation under environmentally-relevant conditions. Science of the Total Environment, 383, 205–215.
MOA (Ministry of Agriculture, China). 2015. China Agricultural Statics Yearbook. China Statistics Press, Beijing. pp. 1–5. (in Chinese)
Djodjic F, Börling K, Bergström L. 2004. Phosphorus leaching in relation to soil type and soil phosphorus content. Journal of Environmental Quality, 33, 678–684.
Eriksson A K, Hesterberg D, Klysubun W, Gustafsson J P. 2016. Phosphorus dynamics in Swedish agricultural soils as influenced by fertilization and mineralogical properties: Insights gained from batch experiments and XANES spectroscopy. Science of the Total Environment, 566–567, 1410–1419.
Fei C, Zhang S R, Wei W L, Liang B, Li J L, Ding X D. 2020. Straw and optimized nitrogen fertilizer decreases phosphorus leaching risks in a long-term greenhouse soil. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 20, 1199–1207.
Firmano R F, Colzato M, Alleoni L R F. 2021. Phosphorus speciation and distribution in a variable-charge Oxisol under no-till amended with lime and/or phosphogypsum for 18 years. European Journal of Soil Science, 73, 1–18.
Gerke J. 2010. Humic (organic matter)-Al(Fe)-phosphate complexes: An underestimated phosphate form in soils and source of plant-available phosphate. Soil Science, 175, 417–425.
Hamilton J G, Grosskleg J, Hilger D, Dhillon G S, Bradshaw K, Carlson T, Siciliano S D, Peak D. 2019. In situ transformations of bonechar and tri-poly phosphate amendments in phosphorus-limited subsurface soils. Applied Geochemistry, 109, 104398.
Hao X Y. 2012. Study on nutrient balance and optimized management in soil-greenhouse vegetable system. Ph D thesis, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China. (in Chinese)
Hedley M J, Stewart J W B, Chauhan B S. 1982. Changes in inorganic and organic soil phosphorus fractions induced by cultivation practices and by laboratory incubations. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 46, 970–976.
Hu W, Zhang Y, Huang B, Teng Y. 2017. Soil environmental quality in greenhouse vegetable production systems in eastern China: Current status and management strategies. Chemosphere, 170, 183–195.
Hua K, Zhu B. 2020. Phosphorus loss through surface runoff and leaching in response to the long-term application of different organic amendments on sloping croplands. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 20, 3459–3471.
Huang S W, Li R N, Gao W. 2019. Principle and Technology of Green and High Efficiency Precision Fertilization for Greenhouse Vegetables. China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, Beijing. pp. 176–178. (in Chinese)
Huang S W, Tang J W, Li C H, Zhang H Z, Yuan S. 2017. Reducing potential of chemical fertilizers and scientific fertilization countermeasure in vegetable production in China. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 23, 1480–1493. (in Chinese)
Jalali M, Jalali M. 2016. Relation between various soil phosphorus extraction methods and sorption parameters in calcareous soils with different texture. Science of the Total Environment, 566–567, 1080–1093.
Kalkhajeh Y K, Huang B, Hu W. 2021a. Impact of preferential flow pathways on phosphorus leaching from typical plastic shed vegetable production soils of China. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 307, 107218.
Kalkhajeh Y K, Huang B, Hu W, Holm P E, Hansen H C B. 2017. Phosphorus saturation and mobilization in two typical Chinese greenhouse vegetable soils. Chemosphere, 172, 316–324.
Kalkhajeh Y K, Huang B, Hu W Y, Ma C, Gao H J, Thompson M L, Bruun Hansen H C. 2021b. Environmental soil quality and vegetable safety under current greenhouse vegetable production management in China. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 307, 107230.
Kalkhajeh Y K, Huang B A, Sorensen H, Holm P E, Hansen H C B. 2021c. Phosphorus accumulation and leaching risk of greenhouse vegetable soils in Southeast China. Pedosphere, 31, 683–693.
Kang J, Hesterberg D, Osmond D L. 2009. Soil organic matter effects on phosphorus sorption: A path analysis. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 73, 360–366.
Khan A, Jin X, Yang X, Guo S, Zhang S. 2021. Phosphorus fractions affected by land use changes in soil profile on the loess soil. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 21, 722–732.
Komiyama T, Ito T. 2019. The characteristics of phosphorus in animal manure composts. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 65, 281–288.
Koul B, Yakoob M, Shah M P. 2021. Agricultural waste management strategies for environmental sustainability. Environmental Research, 206, 112285.
Lai J, Zou Y, Zhang J, Peres-Neto P. 2022. Generalizing hierarchical and variation partitioning in multiple regression and canonical analyses using the rdacca.hp R package. 13, 782–788.
Li F, Liang X, Zhang H, Tian G. 2019. The influence of no-till coupled with straw return on soil phosphorus speciation in a two-year rice-fallow practice. Soil and Tillage Research, 195, 104389.
Liang L, Ridoutt B G, Lal R, Wang D, Wu W, Peng P, Hang S, Wang L, Zhao G. 2019. Nitrogen footprint and nitrogen use efficiency of greenhouse tomato production in North China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 208, 285–296.
Lin J, Chen N, Pan Y. 2014. Arsenic speciation in newberyite (MgHPO4·3H2O) determined by synchrotron X-ray absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies: implications for the fate of arsenic in green fertilizers. Environmental Science & Technology, 48, 6938–6946.
Liu J, Cade-Menun B J, Yang J, Hu Y, Liu C W, Tremblay J, LaForge K, Schellenberg M, Hamel C, Bainard L D. 2018. Long-term land use affects phosphorus speciation and the composition of phosphorus cycling genes in agricultural soils. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, 1643.
Liu J, Han C Q, Zhao Y H, Yang J J, Cade-Menun B J, Hu Y, Li J M, Liu H, Sui P, Chen Y Q, Ma Y B. 2020. The chemical nature of soil phosphorus in response to long-term fertilization practices: Implications for sustainable phosphorus management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 272, 123093.
Liu J, Hu Y, Yang J, Abdi D, Cade-Menun B J. 2015. Investigation of soil legacy phosphorus transformation in long-term agricultural fields using sequential fractionation, P K-edge XANES and solution P NMR spectroscopy. Environmental Science & Technology, 49, 168–176.
Liu J, Sui P, Cade-Menun B J, Hu Y F, Yang J J, Huang S M, Ma Y B. 2019. Molecular-level understanding of phosphorus transformation with long-term phosphorus addition and depletion in an alkaline soil. Geoderma, 353, 116–124.
Liu J, Yang J, Cade-Menun B J, Liang X, Hu Y, Liu C W, Zhao Y, Li L, Shi J. 2013. Complementary phosphorus speciation in agricultural soils by sequential fractionation, solution P nuclear magnetic resonance, and phosphorus K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy. Journal of Environmental Quality, 42, 1763–1770.
Liu X P, Bi Q F, Qiu L L, Li K J, Yang X R, Lin X Y. 2019. Increased risk of phosphorus and metal leaching from paddy soils after excessive manure application: Insights from a mesocosm study. Science of the Total Environment, 666, 778–785.
Liu Z, Hou L, Zhu Y, Xu X. 2021. Vertical distribution and regulation of Olsen-phosphorus in 6-m soil profiles after farmland-to-apple orchard conversion on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Catena, 202, 105254.
Luan H, Gao W, Huang S, Tang J, Li M, Zhang H, Chen X, Masiliūnas D. 2020a. Organic amendment increases soil respiration in a greenhouse vegetable production system through decreasing soil organic carbon recalcitrance and increasing carbon-degrading microbial activity. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 20, 2877–2892.
Luan H A, Gao W, Huang S W, Tang J W, Li M Y, Zhang H Z, Chen X P. 2019. Partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic amendments affects soil organic carbon composition and stability in a greenhouse vegetable production system. Soil and Tillage Research, 191, 185–196.
Luan H A, Gao W, Tang J W, Li R N, Li M Y, Zhang H Z, Chen X P, Masiliunas D, Huang S W. 2020b. Aggregate-associated changes in nutrient properties, microbial community and functions in a greenhouse vegetable field based on an eight-year fertilization experiment of China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19, 2530–2548.
Majzik A, Tombácz E. 2007. Interaction between humic acid and montmorillonite in the presence of calcium ions I. Interfacial and aqueous phase equilibria: Adsorption and complexation. Organic Geochemistry, 38, 1319–1329.
Maranguit D, Guillaume T, Kuzyakov Y. 2017. Land-use change affects phosphorus fractions in highly weathered tropical soils. Catena, 149, 385–393.
McDowell R, Condron L. 2001. Influence of soil constituents on soil phosphorus sorption and desorption. Communications in Soil Science And Plant Analysis, 32, 2531–2547.
Mebius L J. 1960. A rapid method for the determination of organic carbon in soil. Analytica Chimica Acta, 22, 120–124.
Mehlich A. 1984. Mehlich-3 soil test extractant: A modification of Mehlich-2 extractant. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 15, 1409–1416.
Mitran T, Mani P K, Bandyopadhyay P K, Basak N. 2018. Effects of organic amendments on soil physical attributes and aggregate-associated phosphorus under long-term rice–wheat cropping. Pedosphere, 28, 823–832.
Müller M, Oelmann Y, Schickhoff U, Böhner J, Scholten T. 2017. Himalayan treeline soil and foliar C:N:P stoichiometry indicate nutrient shortage with elevation. Geoderma, 291, 21–32.
Niyungeko C, Liang X, Liu C, Liu Z W, Sheteiwy M, Zhang H, Zhou J, Tian G. 2018. Effect of biogas slurry application rate on colloidal phosphorus leaching in paddy soil: A column study. Geoderma, 325, 117–124.
Niyungeko C, Liang X, Shan S, Zhang J, Tiimub B M, SeyedHamid H, Khan S, Li F Y, Tian G. 2019. Synergistic effects of anionic polyacrylamide and gypsum to control phosphorus losses from biogas slurry applied soils. Chemosphere, 234, 953–961.
Nobile C M, Bravin M N, Becquer T, Paillat J M. 2020. Phosphorus sorption and availability in an andosol after a decade of organic or mineral fertilizer applications: Importance of pH and organic carbon modifications in soil as compared to phosphorus accumulation. Chemosphere, 239, 124709.
Oksanen J, Blanchet F G, Kindt R. 2019. Vegan: community ecology package. R package version 2.5-7. [2020-07-06]. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan
Olsen S R, Cole C V, Watanabe F S, Dean L A. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. United States Department of Agriculture Circular, 939, 1–19.
Pizzeghello D, Berti A, Nardi S, Morari F. 2014. Phosphorus-related properties in the profiles of three Italian soils after long-term mineral and manure applications. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 189, 216–228.
Pizzeghello D, Berti A, Nardi S, Morari F. 2016. Relationship between soil test phosphorus and phosphorus release to solution in three soils after long-term mineral and manure application. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 233, 214–223.
Ravel B, Newville M. 2005. ATHENA, ARTEMIS, HEPHAESTUS: data analysis for X-ray absorption spectroscopy using IFEFFIT. Journal Of Synchrotron Radiation, 12, 537–541.
Riddle M, Bergstrom L, Schmieder F, Kirchmann H, Condron L, Aronsson H. 2018. Phosphorus leaching from an organic and a mineral arable soil in a rainfall simulation study. Journal of Environmental Quality, 47, 487–495.
Rupp H, Meissner R, Leinweber P. 2018. Plant available phosphorus in soil as predictor for the leaching potential: Insights from long-term lysimeter studies. Ambio, 47, 103–113.
Sato S, Solomon D, Hyland C, Ketterings Q M, Lehmann J. 2005. Phosphorus speciation in manure and manure-amended soils using XANES spectroscopy. Environmental Science & Technology, 39, 7485–7491.
Schmieder F, Bergström L, Riddle M, Gustafsson J-P, Klysubun W, Zehetner F, Condron L, Kirchmann H. 2018. Phosphorus speciation in a long-term manure-amended soil profile - Evidence from wet chemical extraction, 31P-NMR and P K-edge XANES spectroscopy. Geoderma, 322, 19–27.
Sharma R, Bell R W, Wong M T F. 2017. Dissolved reactive phosphorus played a limited role in phosphorus transport via runoff, throughflow and leaching on contrasting cropping soils from southwest Australia. Science of the Total Environment, 577, 33–44.
Struijk M, Whitmore A P, Mortimer S R, Sizmur T. 2020. Obtaining more benefits from crop residues as soil amendments by application as chemically heterogeneous mixtures. Soil, 6, 467–481.
Sun Q, Qiu H S, Hu Y J, Wei X M, Chen X B, Ge T D, Wu J S, Su Y R. 2019. Cellulose and lignin regulate partitioning of soil phosphorus fractions and alkaline phosphomonoesterase encoding bacterial community in phosphorus-deficient soils. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 55, 31–42.
Svanbäck A, Ulén B, Etana A, Bergström L, Kleinman P J A, Mattsson L. 2013. Influence of soil phosphorus and manure on phosphorus leaching in Swedish topsoils. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 96, 133–147.
Tenenhaus M, Vinzi V E, Chatelin Y M, Lauro C. 2005. PLS path modeling. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 48, 159–205.
Tiecher T L, Lourenzi C R, Girotto E, Tiecher T, De Conti L, Marques A C R, Silva L O S, Marchezan C, Brunetto G, Ceretta C A. 2020. Phosphorus forms leached in a sandy Typic Hapludalf soil under no-tillage with successive pig slurry applications. Agricultural Water Management, 242, 106406.
Tiessen H, Moir J O. 1993. Characterization of available P by sequential extraction. In: Carter M R, ed., Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis. Lewis, Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp. 75–86.
Toor G S, Sims J T. 2016. Phosphorus leaching in soils amended with animal manures generated from modified diets. Journal of Environmental Quality, 45, 1385–1391.
Turner B L, Cade-Menun B J, Westermann D T. 2003. Organic phosphorus composition and potential bioavailability in semi-arid arable soils of the western United States. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 67, 1168–1179.
Vanden Nest T, Vandecasteele B, Ruysschaert G, Merckx R. 2014. Incorporation of catch crop residues does not increase phosphorus leaching: a soil column experiment in unsaturated conditions. Soil Use and Management, 30, 351–360.
Wei K, Chen Z H, Jiang N, Zhang Y L, Feng J, Tian J H, Chen X D, Lou C R, Chen L J. 2020. Effects of mineral phosphorus fertilizer reduction and maize straw incorporation on soil phosphorus availability, acid phosphatase activity, and maize grain yield in Northeast China. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 67, 66–78.
Wei T, Simko V. 2017. R Package “Corrplot”: Visualization of a Correlation Matrix (Version 0.84). [2019-10-13]. https://github.com/taiyun/corrplot
Xin X, Qin S, Zhang J, Zhu A, Yang W, Zhang X. 2017. Yield, phosphorus use efficiency and balance response to substituting long-term chemical fertilizer use with organic manure in a wheat–maize system. Field Crops Research, 208, 27–33.
Yan Z, Chen S, Dari B, Sihi D, Chen Q. 2018. Phosphorus transformation response to soil properties changes induced by manure application in a calcareous soil. Geoderma, 322, 163–171.
Yan Z, Chen S, Li J, Alva A, Chen Q. 2016. Manure and nitrogen application enhances soil phosphorus mobility in calcareous soil in greenhouses. Journal of Environmental Management, 181, 26–35.
Zhang L, Ding X D, Peng Y, George T S, Feng G. 2018. Closing the loop on phosphorus loss from intensive agricultural soil: a microbial immobilization solution? Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, 104.
Zhang Y, Finn D, Bhattacharyya R, Dennis P G, Doolette A L, Smernik R J, Dalal R C, Meyer G, Lombi E, Klysubun W, Jones A R, Wang P, Menzies N W, Kopittke P M. 2021a. Long-term changes in land use influence phosphorus concentrations, speciation, and cycling within subtropical soils. Geoderma, 393, 115010.
Zhang Y, Gao W, Luan H, Tang J, Li R, Li M, Zhang H, Huang S. 2021b. Long-term organic substitution management affects soil phosphorus speciation and reduces leaching in greenhouse vegetable production. Journal of Cleaner Production, 327, 129464.

JIA-2022-0130 长期施用秸秆促进设施蔬菜土壤磷转化为中等活性磷、减少磷向下迁移和淋失

Long-term straw addition promotes moderately labile phosphorus formation, decreasing phosphorus downward migration and loss in greenhouse vegetable soil

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 0

编辑推荐

Metrics