JIA-2021-1117 生长羔羊胃肠道真菌群落的发育规律

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.092

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

胃肠道真菌群落对于动物的健康和生长性能十分重要，但目前其在消化道内的定植过程尚不清楚。本研究目的是探究生长羔羊从出生至四月龄胃肠道真菌群落的发育规律。本实验选择10只初生湖羊母羔（2.87 ± 0.28 kg）作为实验动物，利用IT1S rDNA测序手段，测定0,3,10,20,30,45,60,90,120日龄羔羊瘤胃和直肠内容物真菌区系，联合随机森林分析，探究10只湖羊母羔从出生至4月龄瘤胃和直肠真菌群落的动态变化，确定真菌区系在胃肠道的建立过程。结果表明，随着羔羊日龄的增加，胃肠道真菌群落的组成、多样性和菌群丰度受到显著影响(P<0.05)。在门水平上，Ascomycota和Basidiomycota在瘤胃和直肠样品中均占主导地位。各日龄组内瘤胃真菌群落相似性在45日龄时显著增加(P<0.05)，而各日龄组内直肠真菌群落相似性在60日龄后显著增加(P<0.05)。随年龄变化的属，Acremonium, Microascus, Valsonectria, Myrmecridium, Scopulariopsis, Myrothecium, Saccharomyces 和 Stephanonectria在瘤胃和直肠中均随羔羊年龄变化而改变，说明这些真菌可能在羔羊生长发育过程中起到关键性作用，并且说明上消化道的微生物可能会对下消化道的微生物区系产生影响。主坐标分析结果表示，瘤胃和直肠真菌群落存在显著差异(P<0.05)。本研究表明，真菌群落在胃肠道演替过程可以分为三个阶段：定植阶段（0-10日龄），过渡阶段（10-45日龄），和相对稳定的逐渐成熟阶段（45-120日龄）。本实验结果表明，羔羊的年龄和胃肠道的不同部位均会影响真菌群落组成，为真菌在羔羊早期生长发育过程的调控奠定理论基础。本研究较全面的比较分析了120日龄之前，湖羊羔羊胃肠道真菌建立过程和此过程中逐步行使主导作用的优势菌群，分析发现了不同日龄阶段胃肠道真菌结构的特征。

Abstract:

Although fungal communities in the gastrointestinal tract have a significant role in animal health and performance, their dynamics within the tract are not well known. Thus, this study investigated fungal community dynamics in the rumen and rectum of lambs from birth to 4 mon of age by using IT1S rDNA sequencing technology together with the RandomForest approach to determine age-related changes in the fungal ecology. The results indicated that gastrointestinal fungal community composition, diversity, and abundance altered (P<0.05) with the increasing age of the lambs. Two phyla, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, dominated the samples. Similarity within age groups of the rumen fungi increased sharply after 45 days of age, while the similarity increased (P<0.05) significantly after 60 days of age in the rectum. The age-related genera, Acremonium, Microascus, Valsonectria, Myrmecridium, Scopulariopsis, Myrothecium, Saccharomyces, and Stephanonectria, were presented in both ruminal and rectal communities, and their changes in relative abundance were consistent at both sites. The principal coordinates analysis showed significant differences (P<0.05) between the fungal communities in the rumen and rectum. Our findings demonstrate that both the age of lambs and the gastrointestinal tract region can affect the composition of these fungal communities, and this provides new insight and directions for future studies in this research area.

Key words: fungi , sheep , rumen , rectum , maturity

. JIA-2021-1117 生长羔羊胃肠道真菌群落的发育规律[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(11): 3314-3328.

YIN Xue-jiao, JI Shou-kun, DUAN Chun-hui, TIAN Pei-zhi, JU Si-si, YAN Hui, ZHANG Ying-jie, LIU Yue-qin. Dynamic change of fungal community in the gastrointestinal tract of growing lambs[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(11): 3314-3328.

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