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1. 叶绿体遗传转化技术的优化方法和工具箱
LIU Yu-xin, LI Fan, GAO Liang, TU Zhang-li, ZHOU Fei, LIN Yong-jun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (7): 1951-1966.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2023.02.031
摘要244)      PDF    收藏

叶绿体作为一种离散、高度结构化、半自主的细胞器。叶绿体的小基因组能成为合成生物学极有前途的平台。叶绿体基因工程作为一种特殊的合成生物学手段,对重建植物体内各种复杂的代谢途径具有巨大的潜力,例如提高作物的光合能力,植物的抗逆性或者合成新的药物和疫苗。然而,许多植物的叶绿体遗传转化效率低或无法进行。因此,新的转化技术和工具正在不断被开发。为了进一步拓展和促进叶绿体基因工程的应用,本文综述了近年来在叶绿体遗传转化方面的新技术,并对选择合适的合成生物元件用以构建高效的叶绿体转化载体进行了探讨。

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2. 已知Sr基因的小麦单品系和69个小麦品种对3个中国小麦秆锈菌新小种的有效性分析
WU Xian-xin, ZANG Chao-qun, ZHANG Ya-zhao, XU Yi-wei, WANG Shu, LI Tian-ya, GAO Li
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (6): 1740-1749.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.125
摘要209)      PDF    收藏

由禾柄锈菌(Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici)引起的小麦秆锈病是小麦生产中最为严重的真菌病害之一,严重威胁着全球小麦的安全生产。种植抗病品种是防治该病害最为经济有效的方法,而抗病品种的选育要以小麦秆锈菌种群毒力变化为依据。为此,我们持续不断的开展小麦秆锈菌种群毒力变异监测工作,在鉴定中发现了3个来自于小麦秆锈菌转主寄主小檗上产生的锈孢子的新小种34C0MRGQM34C3MKGQM34C6MTGSM,特别是发现小种34C0MRGQM34C6MTGSM对我国小麦抗病育种中广泛使用的抗病基因Sr5Sr11具有联合毒力,在我国鉴定的13310个菌株中尚未发现对Sr5Sr11具有联合毒力的菌株。为此,本研究利用42已知小麦秆锈病抗病基因(Sr)的小麦品系对这3个小种的毒力特征进行了分析,同时鉴定了69份我国主要小麦品种对这3个小种在苗期和成株期的抗性水平。结果表明含有Sr9eSr17Sr21Sr22Sr26Sr30Sr31Sr33Sr35Sr36Sr37Sr38Sr47SrTmpSrTt3的单基因系在苗期和成株期对34C0MRGQM34C3MKGQM34C6MTGSM均具有良好的抗性。相反,含有Sr5Sr6Sr7bSr9aSr9dSr9fSr9gSr9bSr16Sr24Sr28Sr39的单基因系在苗期和成株期都对这些小种高度感病。含有Sr8aSr10Sr11Sr13Sr14Sr15Sr18Sr20Sr19Sr23Sr25Sr27Sr29Sr32Sr34单基因品系对供试小种中的一个或2个表现抗性。在供试的69份小麦材料中,有41份小麦品种对供试小种在苗期和成株期都表现出良好的抗性,占59.4%。进一步分子检测表明,有20个品种可能含有抗病基因Sr319个品种含有Sr384个品种含有Sr2,没有检测到含有Sr24Sr25Sr26的品种。研究结果开展兼抗高致病性的Ug99及我国小麦秆锈菌抗病基因的合理利用与抗病育种提供理论依据

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3. JIA-2021-1855 真菌生物农药持续控制苜蓿害虫提升饲草品质研究
PAN Fan, GAO Li-jie, ZHU Kai-hui, DU Gui-lin, ZHU Meng-meng, ZHAO Li, GAO Yu-lin, TU Xiong-bing, ZHANG Ze-hua
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2023, 22 (1): 185-194.   DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.070
摘要229)      PDF    收藏

探究真菌生物农药、化学农药对苜蓿主要害虫(蚜虫、蓟马)防治效果以及对苜蓿干草生产及品质的影响。在我国苜蓿主栽区河北省、宁夏回族自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区分别选取典型试验点,采用五点取样法、高效液相色谱法以及近红外线检测法分别测定了真菌生物农药及化学农药对蚜虫、蓟马的防治效果,农药残留程度以及苜蓿干草酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、蛋白质、相对饲喂价值等品质指标。化学农药在短时间内对蚜虫和蓟马的防治效果显著优于真菌生物农药,真菌生物农药的持效期显著高于化学农药,施药后14天各地区的蚜虫校正死亡率均在50%以上。农药残留分析表明,各类药剂安全间隔期后的残留剂量均在允许范围之内。在河北地区,真菌生物农药处理后的苜蓿干草中酸性洗涤纤维以及中性洗涤纤维的含量显著低于化学药剂处理,蛋白质含量高于化学药剂处理。各处理中,绿僵菌处理下苜蓿干草相对饲喂价值最高。在产量方面,各地区真菌生物农药处理下的苜蓿干草产量高于化学农药处理。在苜蓿防治过程中可采用真菌生物农药+化学农药混用的防治模式,既可以在短时间内对苜蓿虫害防治起到较好的防治效果,又可以提高苜蓿干草产量、相对饲喂价值,降低农药使用安全风险。该研究探究了真菌生物农药以及化学农药对蚜虫、蓟马的防治效果以及不同农药处理下农药残留程度以及苜蓿干草品质及产量的变化,为探索不同区域苜蓿害虫综合防控模式、减施化学农药、提升饲草品质提供了较为全面的数据支撑。

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4. JIA-2021-0706 危害我国新疆甜菜的孢囊线虫种类首次鉴定
PENG Huan, LIU Hui, GAO Li, JIANG Ru, LI Guang-kuo, GAO Hai-feng, Wu Wei, WANG Jun, Zhang Yu, HUANG Wen-kun, KONG Ling-an, PENG De-liang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (6): 1694-1702.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(21)63797-8
摘要258)      PDF    收藏

为明确我国主要甜菜产区线虫的种类和危害程度,2015-2018年我们对我国甜菜主要产区进行了系统的调查和检测。在新疆伊犁州新源县的甜菜地调查发现,部分区域甜菜长势弱,植株黄化、矮化明显,受害植株根系有明显的须根团,根上有大量的白色雌虫。采用形态学和形态测量学的方法对孢囊线虫的雌虫、孢囊和二龄幼虫进行显微观察和测量,结果表明,在我国新疆新源县甜菜上发现的孢囊群体的2龄幼虫、孢囊及阴门锥的特征和关键形态测量值与国外已报道的甜菜孢囊线虫基本一致。采用分子生物学的方法对孢囊线虫新疆新源群体的核糖体DNA-ITS、28S-D2/D3和线粒体DNA COI基因进行克隆、测序和分析发现,新源群体的核糖体DNA-ITS, 28S-D2/D3 和线粒体DNA COI基因序列和国外已报道的甜菜孢囊线虫的一致性为99.81-100%,进化分析显示新疆新源群体与国外甜菜孢囊线虫群体聚类为一个进化分支,同时采用甜菜孢囊线虫特异性引物SHF6和rDNA2,从新疆新源群体中扩增出长度为255 bp的特异性条带,分子生物学检测结果表明:我国新疆甜菜上发现的孢囊线虫为甜菜孢囊线虫。采用柯赫氏法则,将500头二龄幼虫分别接种到甜菜(SD21816)和油菜(德油6号)根系中,15天后在甜菜和油菜根系上分别发现了137和157个孢囊和雌虫,表明新疆新源群体能够在甜菜和油菜上完成生活史,且形态学和分子生物学鉴定结果和田间样品完全一致。综上所述,经形态学鉴定和分子特征分析确认,在我国新疆新源县甜菜上发现的孢囊线虫为我国检疫性有害生物——甜菜孢囊线虫,这也是甜菜孢囊线虫在我国的首次明确报道。


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5. TaIAA15 genes regulate plant architecture in wheat
LI Fu, YAN Dong, GAO Li-feng, LIU Pan, ZHAO Guang-yao, JIA Ji-zeng, REN Zheng-long
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2022, 21 (5): 1243-1252.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63480-3
摘要335)      PDF    收藏

小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一。生长素在调节植物生长发育中起关键作用。迄今为止,在小麦中几乎没有生长素相关基因被遗传证明参与小麦株型的调控。在这项研究中,我们克隆了小麦中生长素相关基因TaIAA15s,水稻中的异位表达TaIAA15-3B基因降低了水稻的株高,增加了叶夹角。小麦多样性群体相关性分析表明,TaIAA15-3B基因与小麦的株高(Ph),穗长(SL)和千粒重(TGW)相关;TaIAA15-3B的Hap-II单倍型是优异等位基因,在现代育种TaIAA15-3B的Hap-II单倍型被选择。这项研究揭示了生长素信号传导在小麦植物结构以及产量相关性状上的作用。


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6. An improved scheme for infectious bursal disease virus genotype classification based on both genome-segments A and B
WANG Yu-long, FAN Lin-jin, JIANG Nan, GAO Li, LI Kai, GAO Yu-long, LIU Chang-jun, CUI Hong-yu, PAN Qing, ZHANG Yan-ping, WANG Xiao-mei, QI Xiao-le
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2021, 20 (5): 1372-1381.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63424-4
摘要141)      PDF    收藏

传染性法氏囊病(Infectious bursal disease, IBD)是一种严重危害养禽业健康发展的传染病,该病的病原是传染性法氏囊病病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)。IBDV的基因组由双节段双股RNA组成,即A节段和B节段。传统上,依据致病性和抗原性,IBDV可分为经典株、变异株、超强毒株和弱毒株。近年来,随着IBDV的不断变异,具有新的基因特征的IBDV毒株不断出现。传统的IBDV分类方法已不能涵盖这些新出现的毒株。因此,亟需建立一种新的IBDV基因型分类方法用于IBDV的流行病学研究。近年来,A节段基因序列常被用于IBDV的基因分类。然而,对于基因组分节段的IBDV来讲,A节段和B节段在病毒的遗传演化中都很重要,仅基于A节段基因序列的基因分类方法是不全面的。而且,原有的分类方法已经不能涵盖不断出现的IBDV节段重配病毒和最新出现的IBDV新型变异株。因此,本研究率先建立了一种兼顾IBDV基因组双节段特征的新的IBDV基因分型方法。在该分型系统中,基于A节段编码的VP2高变区核苷酸序列特征,IBDV被分为9个基因群(A1、A2、A3、A4、A5、A6、A7、A8和AII);基于B节段编码的B-maker的核苷酸序列特征,IBDV被分为5个基因群(B1、B2、B3、B4和BII);A2又被进一步分为4个亚群(A2a、A2b、A2c和A2d)。利用新的基因分型方法,传统的经典株、变异株、超强毒株和弱毒株分别被归类于基因群A1B1、A2B1、A3B2和A8B1。本研究中鉴定的IBDV新型变异株被归类为基因群A2dB1。本研究建立的IBDV基因分型方法,是一个灵活多样的开元系统,可用于现有毒株和新出现毒株的明确鉴定,将极大地方便IBDV的分子流行病学研究。


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7. The circulation of unique reassortment strains of infectious bursal disease virus in Pakistan
Altaf HUSSAIN, WU Tian-tian, FAN Lin-jin, WANG Yu-long, Farooq Khalid MUHAMMAD, JIANG Nan, GAO Li, LI Kai, GAO Yu-long, LIU Chang-jun, CUI Hong-yu, PAN Qing, ZHANG Yan-ping, Asim ASLAM, Khan MUTI-UR-REHMAN, Muhammad Imran ARSHAD, Hafiz Muhammad ABDULLAH, WANG Xiao-mei, QI Xiao-le
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (7): 1867-1875.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63183-5
摘要177)      PDF    收藏
传染性法氏囊病(Infectious bursal diseaseIBD)是由传染性法氏囊病病毒(Infectious bursal disease virusIBDV)引起的。IBD是危害养禽业的最重要的免疫抑制病之一,是影响全球养禽业可持续发展的重要限制因素。IBD在巴基斯坦也是危害养禽业的重要疫病,然而该国IBDV优势流行毒株尚不明确。本研究针对巴基斯坦主要养禽地区(旁遮普省信德省俾路支省和首都伊斯兰堡),开展了IBDV的流行病学研究。之前报道的巴基斯坦IBDV毒株仅显示了A节段编码的VP2基因,在GenBank上未见到过其B节段编码的VP1基因。然而,IBDV的基因组分为AB两个节段,单独的VP2基因是无法科学地反映IBDV的真实特征的。在本研究中,运用RT-PCR技术,对覆盖29个肉鸡场的36IBDV进行了VP1VP2基因代表区段的扩增、测序和分析。基因遗传进化树和同源率比较研究结果显示,本研究的全部36株巴基斯坦IBDV毒株的VP2基因属于IBDV超强毒(very virulent IBDVIBDV),而VP1基因则独立于超强毒和非超强毒之外形成了独特分支,这类毒株属于独特型节段重组IBDV毒株(vv-A/Uniq-B)。与流行于中国、印度等国家的vv-A/Uniq-BIBDV相比,巴基斯坦IBDV毒株形成一个独立的亚群,具有明显的地域特点。本研究首次证明,具有地域特点的独特的节段重组毒株(vv-A/Uniq-B)是巴基斯坦IBDV的重要流行毒株。本研究揭示了巴基斯坦IBDV毒株的分子特征,这对于IBD疫苗的科学选择和该病的有效防控具有重要意义。
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8. The short- and long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on family farms in China-Evidence from a survey of 2 324 farms
DU Zhi-xiong, LAI Xiao-dong, LONG Wen-jin, GAO Liang-liang
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2020, 19 (12): 2877-2890.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63390-1
摘要97)      PDF    收藏
Family farms are considered the most desirable form of Chinese agriculture.  Studies on the risk management of family farms are rare, while the COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to explore how family farms respond to risks.  Based on an online survey of 2 324 family crop farms, we examine for the first time the short-term impact (immediate impact or short-term fluctuation, and farms’ instantaneous response) and long-term impact (on farms’ future or long-term production) of the COVID-19 pandemic on family farms’ production and operation in rural China.  By using factor analysis and dummy variable regression, we find that the severity of the pandemic, the lockdown of the village, and farmers’ knowledge of the pandemic contribute significantly to the short-term impact, but not on the long-term impact.  Farmers’ characteristics such as gender, age, and education are not related to the short-term impact, but family farms with male owners or owners with high school education or below are more likely to be diversified and large-scale.  The number of years the farm has existed for and agricultural insurance affect both short-term and long-term impacts.  We suggest that the government needs to pay more attention to stability-enhancing policies, the market environment, vocational training and the agricultural insurance market.
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9. Population genetic structure of Chinese Puccinia triticina races based on multi-locus sequences
LIU Tai-guo, GE Run-jing, MA Yu-tong, LIU Bo, GAO Li, CHEN Wan-quan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (08): 1779-1789.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61923-9
摘要313)      PDF    收藏
Received  10 October, 2017    Accepted  9 February, 2018


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10. The characterization of acid and pepsin soluble collagen from ovine bones (Ujumuqin sheep)
GAO Ling-ling, WANG Zhen-yu, LI Zheng, ZHANG Cai-xia, ZHANG De-quan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2018, 17 (03): 704-711.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61751-9
摘要727)      PDF    收藏
Ovine bones are the major by-products after slaughtered.  The present study was conducted to extract and characterize acid soluble collagens (ASC) and pepsin soluble collagens (PSC) from ovine bones (Ujumuqin sheep).  Ovine bones collagen were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) as type I collagen.  The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra analysis testified the existence of triple superhelical structure in both ASC and PSC, showing pepsin did not disrupt the triple helical structure of ovine bones collagen.  Glycine, accounting for one-third of total amino acids, was the major amino acid for ovine bones collagen.  Higher imino acid content was responsible for higher thermal denaturation temperature of ovine bones collagen compared to fish collagens.  The isoelectric point of ASC was lower than PSC due to the higher content of acidic amino acids.  Therefore, this study provides the potential reference for collagen extraction and application of ovine bones by-procduct.
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11. Salicylic acid alleviates postharvest chilling injury of sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica)
HAN Cong, ZUO Jin-hua, WANG Qing, DONG Hai-zhou, GAO Li-pu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2017, 16 (03): 735-741.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61390-4
摘要1025)      PDF    收藏
Effect of salicylic acid (SA) on chilling injury (CI) of sponge gourd during storage (9 days, 9°C) plus shelf life (2 days, 20°C) was evaluated in this study.  SA treatment at the concentration of 1.5 mmol L–1 significantly reduced postharvest CI of sponge gourds.  Besides, the application of SA could effectively decrease the electrolyte leakage, reduce the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total phenolics, enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and inhibit the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO).  The beneficial effects of SA could be attributed to preserved membrane integrity, inhibited membrane peroxidation, enhanced antioxidant system and suppressed activities of browning related enzymes.  In a sense, SA as a postharvest tool may be commercially used in alleviating CI of sponge gourd.
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12. Food packing: A case study of dining out in Beijing
WANG Yu, XU Shi-wei, YU Wen, Ahmed Abdul-gafar, LIU Xiao-jie, BAI Jun-fei, ZHANG Dan, GAO Liwei, CAO Xiao-chang, LIU Yao
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2016, 15 (8): 1924-1931.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61282-5
摘要1892)      PDF    收藏
  Food waste results in nutritional losses, ecological damage, and environmental pollution. This survey is conducted in Beijing and aims to determine whether food waste can be reduced by food packing when leftovers are produced at the dining table and to identify factors that affect food packing behavior and the use of leftovers. Based on statistical and econometric analyses of the relationship between leftovers packing and possible factors, this study finds that the age, educational level, employment status, farming experience, environmental protection consciousness, food saving advertisement, families with old members, and reasons for dining out significantly influence the food packing behavior of the consumers. Moreover, the dining environment plays an important role in leftovers packing. People with intimate relationships, such as families, friends, classmates, or colleagues, are more willing to take leftovers home. Business partners do the opposite. Finally, almost all packed leftovers (91.59%) are eaten by people and animals. Therefore, packing leftovers is an excellent approach to reduce food waste.
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13. Blue light is more essential than red light for maintaining the activities of photosystem II and I and photosynthetic electron transport capacity in cucumber leaves
MIAO Yan-xiu, WANG Xiao-zhuo, GAO Li-hong, CHEN Qing-yun, QU Mei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2016, 15 (1): 87-100.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61202-3
摘要2017)      PDF    收藏
Blue and red lights differently regulate leaf photosynthesis. Previous studies indicated that plants under blue light generally exhibit better photosynthetic characteristics than those under red light. However, the regulation mechanism of related photosynthesis characteristics remains largely unclear. Here, four light qualities treatments (300 μmol m–2 s–1) including white fluorescent light (FL), blue monochromatic light (B, 440 nm), red monochromatic light (R, 660 nm), and a combination of red and blue light (RB, R:B=8:1) were carried out to investigate their effects on the activity of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), and photosynthetic electron transport capacity in the leaves of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings. The results showed that compared to the FL treatment, the R treatment significantly limited electron transport rate in PSII (ETRII) and in PSI (ETRI) by 79.4 and 66.3%, respectively, increased non-light induced non-photochemical quenching in PSII (ΦNO) and limitation of donor side in PSI (ΦND) and reduced most JIP-test parameters, suggesting that the R treatment induced suboptimal activity of photosystems and inhibited electron transport from PSII donor side up to PSI. However, these suppressions were effectively alleviated by blue light addition (RB). Compared with the R treatment, the RB treatment significantly increased ETRII and ETRI by 176.9 and 127.0%, respectively, promoted photosystems activity and enhanced linear electron transport by elevating electron transport from QA to PSI. The B treatment plants exhibited normal photosystems activity and photosynthetic electron transport capacity similar to that of the FL treatment. It was concluded that blue light is more essential than red light for normal photosynthesis by mediating photosystems activity and photosynthetic electron transport capacity.
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14. Inhibitory effect of chitosan on growth of the fungal phytopathogen, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and sclerotinia rot of carrot
WANG Qing, ZUO Jin-hua, WANG Qian, NA Yang, GAO Li-pu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2015, 14 (4): 691-697.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60800-5
摘要2237)      PDF    收藏
The antifungal activity of chitosan on a common fungal phytopathogen, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and the control effect on sclerotinia rot of carrot were investigated. Mycelial growth and fungal biomass were strongly inhibited by chitosan. Using propidium iodide stain combined with fluorescent microscopy, the plasma membrane of chitosan-treated S. sclerotiorum mycelia was observed to be markedly damaged. Concomitantly, protein leakage and lipid peroxidation was also found to be significantly higher in chitosan-treated mycelia compared to the control. Chitosan provided an effective control of sclerotinia rot of carrot, with induction of activity of defense-related enzymes including polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase. These data suggest that the effects of chitosan on sclerotinia rot of carrot may be associated with the direct damage to the plasma membrane and lipid peroxidation of S. sclerotiorum, and the elicitation of defense response in carrot.
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15. Analysis of the function of D279N mutation of VP2 of infectious bursal disease virus
QI Xiao-le, LU Zhen, WANG Nian, CHEN Yu-ming, ZHANG Li-zhou, GAO Li, LI Kai, REN Xian-gang, WANG Yong-qiang, GAO Hong-lei, GAO Yu-long, Nicolas Eterradossi, WANG Xiao-mei
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2015, 14 (12): 2618-2625.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60933-3
摘要1405)      PDF    收藏
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is responsible for the highly contagious infectious bursal disease of chickens. Further understanding the gene-function is necessary to design the tailored vaccine. The amino acid residue 279, located on strand PF of VP2, is one of the three residues that have been reported to be involved in cell-tropism but with some inconsistency. In this study, to further clarify the amino acids involved in the cell tropism of IBDV, a series of mutations about residue 279 were introduced into the VP2 of vvIBDV Gx strain. With the reverse genetic system, we found single mutation of D279N, double mutations of D279N/A284T or Q253H/D279N were not enough to adapt IBDV to chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell. To evaluate whether residue 279 could influence the replication and virulence of IBDV, the virus rGxHT-279 with three mutations (Q253H/D279N/A284T) was rescued and evaluated. Results showed that the mutation of residue 279 in VP2 had no efficient effects on both the replication efficiency in vitro and the virulence to SPF chickens of IBDV. In summary, the results demonstrated that residue 279 of VP2 did not contribute efficiently to cell tropism, replication efficiency, and virulence of IBDV at least in some strains. These findings provided further information for understanding the gene function of IBDV.
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16. Effect of graded levels of fiber from alfalfa meal on apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids of growing pigs
CHEN Liang, GAO Li-xiang, LIU Li, DING Ze-ming, ZHANG Hong-fu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2015, 14 (12): 2598-2604.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60924-2
摘要1301)      PDF    收藏
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of fiber level from alfalfa meal and sampling time on the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in growing pigs. A total of 24 ileal-cannulated pigs (Duroc×(Large White×Landrace) with body weight (21.4±1.5) kg) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments. The pigs were provided a corn-soybean meal diet or a diet containing 5, 10 or 20% of alfalfa meal during two 10-d experimental periods. The AID of AA was measured. Six ileal-cannulated pigs were fed a protein-free diet in order to estimate the endogenous protein losses and SID of AA. Ileal AA digestibility was not affected by inclusion of 5 or 10% alfalfa meal in the diet (P>0.05). The AID of His, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, Val, Ala, Asp, Cys, Gly, Pro, Ser and Tyr reduced by 2.0–6.8% with the addition level of alfalfa meal (linear, P<0.05). The SID of His, Lys, Ser, Thr and Tyr decreased by 2.2–4.3% as the level of alfalfa meal in the diet increased (linear, P<0.05). The AID and SID of AA were not affected by the sampling time (P>0.05). A multiple linear regression analysis, taking into account both the soluble and insoluble fiber content in the diets, explained more than 36% of variation in SID of Ser and Thr (P<0.05). In conclusion, the corn-soybean meal diet containing 10% of alfalfa meal did not affect ileal AA digestion. The AID and SID of AA were similar between two sampling times. Increasing the concentration of total dietary fiber from 12.3 to 21.4% by adding graded levels of alfalfa meal (0–20%) to a corn-soybean meal control diet induced a linear reduction in AID and SID of most AA. Soluble and insoluble fibers from alfalfa meal have differential roles in the AA digestion, which may help explain the variation observed in the SID of partial AA. These findings would provide important information for dietary fiber level and composition related to AA digestion.
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17. Postulation of seedling leaf rust resistance genes in 84 Chinese winter wheat cultivars
REN Xiao-li, LIU Tai-guo, LIU Bo, GAO Li, CHEN Wan-quan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2015, 14 (10): 1992-2001.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)61002-9
摘要1707)      PDF    收藏
Wheat leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina) is one of the most important fungal diseases in China. There are tens of winter wheat cultivars which are approved to be released by the government at a national level and more than 100 wheat cultivars at the provincial level. But there is no information about leaf rust (Lr) genes in these cultivars, which makes it difficult for farmers and breeders to select which cultivars they should plant in their fields and use in their breeding programs. The objective of this paper was to identify the leaf rust resistant genes at seedling stage present in the 84 commercial wheat cultivars from China that have been released in the past few years. A set of 20 near isogenic lines with Thatcher background and 6 lines with known Lr genes were used to test the virulence of 12 races of P. triticina (Pt). By comparing the infection types (ITs) produced on the 84 cultivars by the 12 Pt races with the ITs on the differential sets, the Lr genes were postulated. In addition, 8 molecular markers of Lr genes such as Lr9, Lr10, Lr19, Lr20, Lr21, Lr24, Lr26 and Lr29, which are closely linked to or co-segregated with the Lr gene, were used for further validation of the genes in the 84 Chinese winter wheat cultivars. Twelve Lr genes, including Lr1, Lr3, (Lr3bg), (Lr3ka), Lr11, Lr13, Lr14a, Lr16, Lr26, Lr27, Lr30 and Lr31 were postulated to be present either singly or in combinations in these Chinese wheat cultivars. Lr3 and Lr26 were detected most often in the tested cultivars, with frequencies of 51.2 and 38.1%, respectively. No wheat Lr genes were detected in 16 cultivars, and 4 cultivars may carry unknown Lr genes other than those used in this study. Lr9, Lr20, Lr21, Lr24, Lr25 and Lr29 were not present in any of the 84 tested accessions.
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18. Effect of Graded Levels of Fiber from Alfalfa Meal on Nutrient Digestibility and Flow of Fattening Pigs
CHEN Liang, GAO Li-xiang , ZHANG Hong-fu
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2014, 13 (8): 1746-1752.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60571-7
摘要1382)      PDF    收藏
The fiber level and composition have an important effect on nutrient digestibility of swine diets. Little information is known about the effects of fiber level and composition from alfalfa meal on nutrient digestibility of fattening pigs fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of alfalfa fiber on the growth performance, intestinal nutrient flow and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients in fattening pigs. 24 barrows (Duroc×(Large White×Landrace), body weight=(60.6±0.7) kg) were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 replicates of 1 pig per replicate. The pigs were provided a control diet or a diet containing 5, 10 or 20% of alfalfa meal during a 14-d experiment period. Average daily gain (ADG) and the ATTD of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and gross energy (GE) reduced linearly as the level of alfalfa meal in the diet increased (P<0.01). The total tract flow of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and GE increased with the increase in dietary alfalfa (linear, P<0.05). Growth performance and nutrient digestion were not affected by inclusion of 5% alfalfa meal in the diet (P>0.05). A multiple linear regression analysis, taking into account both soluble and insoluble fiber intake, explained approximately 70% of the variation in the ATTD of DM, OM, NDF, and GE (P<0.01). In conclusion, alfalfa meal should be limited to less than 5% of the diet in fattening pigs to maximize growth performance and nutrient digestion. Soluble and insoluble fiber from alfalfa meal has the differential roles in nutrient digestion, which may help explain the main variation observed in nutrient digestibility. These findings suggest that knowledge of specific fiber components is necessary to accurately predict the effects of dietary fiber on nutrient digestibility.
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19. Allelic Variation in Loci for Adaptive Response and Its Effect on Agronomical Traits in Chinese Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
GAO Li-feng, LIU Pan, GU Yan-chun , JIA Ji-zeng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2014, 13 (7): 1469-1476.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60814-5
摘要1598)      PDF    收藏
Heading date was an important trait that decided the adaptation of wheat to environments. It was modified by genes involved in vernalization response, photoperiod response and development rate. In this study, four loci Xgwm261, Xgwm219, Xbarc23 and Ppd-D1 which were previously reported related to heading time were analyzed based on three groups of wheat including landraces (L), varieties bred before 1983 (B82) and after 1983 (A83) collected from Chinese wheat growing areas. Generally, heading date of landrace was longer than that of varieties. Significant differences in the heading time existed within the groups, which implied that diversification selection was much helpful for adaptation in each wheat zone. Photoperiod insensitive allele Ppd-D1a was the first choice for both landrace and modern varieties, which promoted the heading date about four days earlier than that of sensitive allele Ppd-D1b. The three SSR loci had different characters in the three groups. Predominant allele combination for each zone was predicted for wheat group L and A83, which made great contribution to advantageous traits. Xgwm219 was found to be significantly associated with heading date in Yellow and Huai River Winter Wheat Zone (Zone II) and spike length in Middle and lower Yangtze Valley Winter Wheat Zone (Zone III), which implied functional diversification for adaption. Variation for earliness genes provided here will be helpful for whet breeding in future climatic change.
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20. A FIASCO-Based Approach for Detection and Diagnosis of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in China
LIU Tai-guo, WANG Xi, GAO Li, LIU Bo, CHEN Wan-quan , XIANG Wen-sheng
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2014, 13 (11): 2438-2444.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60895-9
摘要1573)      PDF    收藏
Stem or black rust of wheat, caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn. (Pgt), has historically caused severe losses to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production worldwide. In the Fujian and Guangdong provinces of China, six moderate-to-severe epidemics of wheat stem rust have occurred, which caused destructive losses of wheat between 1949 and 1966, although these were brought under control by integrated management. A rapid and reliable detection of the pathogen will contribute to the accurate forecast and seasonal control of this disease. The objective of this study was to develop a diagnostic molecular marker generated from simple sequence repeats (SSR) for the early rapid identification of P. graminis. The genomic DNA of P. graminis, Puccinia striiformis, Puccinia triticina and seven other species was amplified by a pair of SSR primers generated by the FIASCO (fast isolation by AFLP sequences containing repeats) enrichment protocol. The primer set Pgtw (f)/ Pgtw (r) generated a polymorphic pattern displaying a 330-bp DNA fragment specific for P. graminis whereas no DNA fragment was obtained from other non-target wheat fungal pathogens. The detection limit of the primer was 1 ng DNA in a 25-mL PCR reaction. The SSR markers of P. graminis can also be used to detect the presence of latent hyphae in Pgt-infected wheat leaves as early as 30 h post-inoculation. A rapid approach to distinguish P. graminis from similar pathogenic fungi would be anticipated in further study.
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21. Jellyfish Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) as a Reporter for Fusarium gramminearum Development on Wheat
QI Jun-xian, LIU Tai-guo, XU Ying, CHEN Huai-gu, GAO Li, LIU Bo , CHEN Wan-quan
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2014, 13 (10): 2177-2183.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(14)60875-3
摘要1128)      PDF    收藏
The plasmid pGPDGFP under the control of pgpdA promotor was used together with vector pAN7-1 containing the hygromycin resistance cassette to co-transform protoplasts of HG1, Fusarium graminearum from Hubei Province, China. Twelve out of 14 hygromycin-resistant transformants showed green signal under the UV light and contained one or several copies of gfp, as indicated by Southern analysis of genomic DNA digested with different restriction enzymes and hybridized to the gfp probe. A single gfp copy transformant (HG1C5) was selected for further evaluation of 80 Chinese wheat cultivars or advanced lines. The results showed different resistance type to F. graminearum were observed. GFP signals observed in the rachis and adjacent spikes of 70 Chinese wheat lines such as Chuanchongzu 104 indicated both type I (host resistance to the initial infection by the fungus) and type II (resistance to the spread of FHB symptoms within an infected spike) were not observed. While other 10 lines showed type II resistance to F. graminearum with GFP signals only in inoculated spikelets. Development of the mycelium can be intuitively observed and the resistance of wheat to F. graminearum can be identified at 7 days post inoculation (dpi) in this way. The results showed no differences were evaluated between the transformed HG1C5 and the non-transgene artificial inoculation by SAS paired chi-square test and McNemar’s test (P=0.0625).
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22. Influence of Organic Amendments on Adsorption, Desorption and Leaching of Methiopyrisulfuron in Soils
WU Chun-xian, NIE Guo, ZHANG Zhong-ming, WANG Guang-cheng, GAO Li-ming , WANG Jinjun
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2013, 12 (9): 1589-1597.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60429-3
摘要1779)      PDF    收藏
Methiopyrisulfuron is a novel sulfonylurea herbicide with good activity for annual broadleaf and gramineal weeds control. Present study was to investigate the effects of organic amendments (including peat (PE), sewage sludge (SS), and humic acid (HA)) on adsorption, desorption and leaching of methiopyrisulfuron in soils. The batch equilibration technique was applied for adsorption-desorption experiments and the leaching was tested through soil column simulated experiments under laboratory conditions. The Freundlich model may well describe adsorption-desorption of methiopyrisulfuron on organic amendments, the natural soil, and amended soils. Organic amendments could not only greatly increase the adsorption capacity of methiopyrisulfuron, but also significantly enhance the hysteresis of desorption of methiopyrisulfuron. The correlations between Kf-ads and organic matter content of amended soils were significant, and the correlations between H and soil organic matter in amended soils with PE, SS, and HA were significant too. The results of soil column experiments indicated that organic amendments greatly decreased leaching of methiopyrisulfuron. This study suggested that PE, SS, and HA could greatly influence environmental behavior of methiopyrisulfuron in soils. Use of organic amendments might be an effective management practice for controlling potential pollution of methiopyrisulfuron to environment.
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23. Developmental Characteristics and Cinnamic Acid Resistance of Root Border Cells in Cucumber and Figleaf Gourd Seedlings
QIAO Yong-xu, ZHANG Yong-ping, ZHANG Hong-xin, TIAN Yong-qiang , GAO Li-hong
Journal of Integrative Agriculture    2013, 12 (11): 2065-2073.   DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60368-8
摘要1304)      PDF    收藏
Root border cells (RBCs) originate from the root tip epidermis and surround the root apices. In this study, we evaluated the developmental characteristics and the roles of RBCs in protection of root apices of cucumber and fi gleaf gourd seedlings from CA toxicity. The formation of RBCs and the emergence of the root tip occurred almost simultaneously in root apices of cucumber and fi gleaf gourd seedlings. CA ranging from 0 to 0.25 mol L-1 inhibited root elongation and decreased root cell viability in the root tip, moreover the inhibitory effects of CA were more signifi cant in the CA-sensitive cucumber than in the CA-tolerant fi gleaf gourd. Removal of RBCs from root tips led to more severe CA induced inhibition of root elongation and decline in root cell viability. Increasing CA levels and treatment time decreased the relative viability of attached and detached RBCs. CA also induced a thicker mucilage layer surrounding attached RBCs of both species. Additionally, a signifi cantly higher relative cell viability of attached RBCs and thicker mucilage layers were observed in fi gleaf gourd. These results suggest that RBCs play an important role in protecting root tips from CA toxicity.
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