JIA-2021-1855 真菌生物农药持续控制苜蓿害虫提升饲草品质研究

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.070

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ›› 2023, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (1): 185-194.DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.070

JIA-2021-1855 真菌生物农药持续控制苜蓿害虫提升饲草品质研究

收稿日期:2021-10-28 接受日期:2022-02-17 出版日期:2023-01-20 发布日期:2022-02-17

Regional selection of insecticides and fungal biopesticides to control aphids and thrips and improve the forage quality of alfalfa crops

PAN Fan^{1, 2*}, GAO Li-jie^2*, ZHU Kai-hui¹, DU Gui-lin³, ZHU Meng-meng⁴, ZHAO Li⁵, GAO Yu-lin¹, TU Xiong-bing¹, ZHANG Ze-hua¹

¹ State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R.China
² College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P.R.China
³ National Animal and Husbandry Service, Beijing 100125, P.R.China
⁴ Institute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, P.R.China
⁵ College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, P.R.China

Received:2021-10-28 Accepted:2022-02-17 Online:2023-01-20 Published:2022-02-17
About author:Received 28 October, 2021 Accepted 17 February, 2022 PAN Fan, E-mail: lillianP@163.com; GAO Li-jie, E-mail: gaolijie1975@163.com; Correspondence TU Xiong-bing, E-mail: xbtu@ippcaas.cn; GAO Yu-lin, E-mail: gaoyulin@caas.cn * These authors contributed equally to this study.
Supported by:
This study was supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-34).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究真菌生物农药、化学农药对苜蓿主要害虫（蚜虫、蓟马）防治效果以及对苜蓿干草生产及品质的影响。在我国苜蓿主栽区河北省、宁夏回族自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区分别选取典型试验点，采用五点取样法、高效液相色谱法以及近红外线检测法分别测定了真菌生物农药及化学农药对蚜虫、蓟马的防治效果，农药残留程度以及苜蓿干草酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、蛋白质、相对饲喂价值等品质指标。化学农药在短时间内对蚜虫和蓟马的防治效果显著优于真菌生物农药，真菌生物农药的持效期显著高于化学农药，施药后14天各地区的蚜虫校正死亡率均在50%以上。农药残留分析表明，各类药剂安全间隔期后的残留剂量均在允许范围之内。在河北地区，真菌生物农药处理后的苜蓿干草中酸性洗涤纤维以及中性洗涤纤维的含量显著低于化学药剂处理，蛋白质含量高于化学药剂处理。各处理中，绿僵菌处理下苜蓿干草相对饲喂价值最高。在产量方面，各地区真菌生物农药处理下的苜蓿干草产量高于化学农药处理。在苜蓿防治过程中可采用真菌生物农药+化学农药混用的防治模式，既可以在短时间内对苜蓿虫害防治起到较好的防治效果，又可以提高苜蓿干草产量、相对饲喂价值，降低农药使用安全风险。该研究探究了真菌生物农药以及化学农药对蚜虫、蓟马的防治效果以及不同农药处理下农药残留程度以及苜蓿干草品质及产量的变化，为探索不同区域苜蓿害虫综合防控模式、减施化学农药、提升饲草品质提供了较为全面的数据支撑。

Abstract:

The efficacies of biological and conventional chemical insecticides against two major insect pests of alfalfa (aphids and thrips) were compared in three sites across China’s alfalfa belt. In addition, the persistence of the residues of chemical insecticides in alfalfa and their influence on the quality of alfalfa hay were examined. Efficacy varied among the different biological and chemical insecticides. The chemical insecticides were significantly more effective than biopesticides in a short time-frame. The efficacy period of biopesticides was significantly longer than that of chemical insecticides, and the corrected mortality rate of aphids in all regions was above 50% at 14 days after application. The analysis of pesticide residues showed that the residual doses of all the pesticides were within the allowed ranges after the safe period. The acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents in alfalfa hay were higher and the protein content was lower in chemical insecticide treatments than in biopesticide treatments in Hebei. The relative feeding value of alfalfa hay treated with Metarhizium anisopliae IPP330189 was the highest among the treatments. Compared with chemical insecticides, the yield of alfalfa hay was higher in the biopesticides treatments. Biopesticides show a stronger control effect on insect populations and also a better improvement in the quality of alfalfa hay than chemical insecticides. This study provides a basis for exploring and developing a comprehensive control regime for alfalfa insect pests in the different alfalfa-growing regions in China, and for reducing chemical insecticide usage and improving forage quality.

Key words: insect pest control , pollution free control , pesticide residue , aphids , thrips

. JIA-2021-1855 真菌生物农药持续控制苜蓿害虫提升饲草品质研究[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(1): 185-194.

PAN Fan, GAO Li-jie, ZHU Kai-hui, DU Gui-lin, ZHU Meng-meng, ZHAO Li, GAO Yu-lin, TU Xiong-bing, ZHANG Ze-hua. Regional selection of insecticides and fungal biopesticides to control aphids and thrips and improve the forage quality of alfalfa crops[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(1): 185-194.

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JIA-2021-1855 真菌生物农药持续控制苜蓿害虫提升饲草品质研究

Regional selection of insecticides and fungal biopesticides to control aphids and thrips and improve the forage quality of alfalfa crops

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