Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (2): 265-279.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.02.003

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Precise Characterization of Maize Germplasm for Resistance to Pythium Stalk Rot and Gibberella Stalk Rot

DUAN CanXing1(),CAO YanYong2,DONG HuaiYu3,XIA YuSheng1,LI Hong4,HU QingYu1,YANG ZhiHuan1,WANG XiaoMing1   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing 100081
    2Institute of Cereal Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002
    3Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161
    4Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, Jilin
  • Received:2021-07-12 Accepted:2021-08-30 Online:2022-01-16 Published:2022-01-26

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Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to establish and perfect the method for precise characterization of maize germplasm resistance to Pythium stalk rot (PSR) and Gibberella stalk rot (GSR), and then precisely evaluate maize accessions with rich genetic background for resistance to stalk rot, and to screen out resistant germplasm and provide valuable resources to the maize community for enhancing disease resistance. 【Method】The total of 2 004 maize accessions with extensive genetic background were identified for resistance to stalk rot in multi-plot demonstration for three years under natural condition in order to preliminarily screen out germplasm with resistance or other excellent traits. Using drilling inoculation, precise evaluation of 690 maize germplasm for resistance to PSR and GSR was conducted at 6 different sites from 2018 to 2020. 【Result】During 2016-2018, 508 accessions with different resistance to stalk rot were identified at multiple sites in non-inoculated fields, including 79, 106, and 323 highly resistant, resistant, and moderately resistant germplasm, respectively. The method of drilling inoculation at the base of stem for precise characterization of maize resistance to stalk rot was established and perfected. Correlation coefficient (r) between soil inoculation and drilling inoculation for screening of maize resistance to PSR was 0.87, with 0.84 for GSR, indicating strong correlation between maize resistance to stalk rot identified by drilling inoculation and soil inoculation. Compared with soil inoculation, the severity of stalk rot on maize treated with drilling inoculation is higher. The precise resistance evaluation of 690 maize accessions to PSR was conducted with drilling inoculation at 6 different environments in Changping of Beijing, Changge of Henan, and Yuanyang of Henan from 2018 to 2020. The incidence of PSR was considerable and the majority of accessions were susceptible or highly susceptible, merely 3.5% of maize exhibited stable PSR resistance. Correlation coefficient of maize resistance to PSR between any two sites among six different environments varied from 0.46 to 0.72. The r values between two sites in 2018, 2019, and 2020 were 0.66, 0.60, and 0.65, respectively. The r values between pairwise annual comprehensive resistance to PSR among 3 years were 0.67, 0.84, and 0.87, indicating the resistance reaction of 690 maize accessions to PSR exhibited good consistency among different environments. A total of 24 maize germplasm expressed stable resistance to PSR, such as Jizi H676, Liao 2235, Jizi 14L88, Jizi 14L101, Dan 337, M02N-23, Y1747, HRB16232, and T628358, and so on. During 2018-2020, 690 maize resources were precisely identified for resistance to GSR with drilling inoculation at 6 different environments in Shenyang of Liaoning, Lishu of Jilin, and Gongzhuling of Jilin. The results indicated GSR on maize accessions in Shenyang was severe, with the majority of maize expressing susceptibility or high susceptibility, while it was significantly slight in Lishu and Gongzhuling. Correlation coefficient of GSR resistance in 690 maize germplasm between any two sites among six environments ranged from 0.00 to 0.76. The r values between two sites in 2018, 2019, and 2020 were 0.12, 0.04, and 0.05, respectively, indicating considerable differences in GSR resistance at two sites. The r values between pairwise annual comprehensive resistance to GSR among 3 years were 0.40, 0.74, and 0.72, showing annual comprehensive GSR resistance in 690 maize accessions were relatively consistent. The six-point experimental data showed that 5 accessions (Jizi C32, Liao 785, Liao 2235, Jizi 1034, and 16SD088) exhibited stable resistance to GSR. The r value of 0.44 between PSR and GSR resistance in 690 maize germplasm indicated moderate correlation between two stalk rot resistances. 【Conclusion】The resistance level of 2004 maize accessions to stalk rot was determined at multiple environments under natural conditions. The method of drilling inoculation at the base of stem for precise characterization of maize germplasm resistance to stalk rot was established and validated. The precise resistance characterization of 690 maize accessions to PSR and GSR was performed with drilling inoculation at 6 different environments among 3 years. Twenty-four and five maize germplasm expressed stable resistance to PSR and GSR at diverse sites among 3 years, respectively, which were important sources for breeding stalk rot resistant varieties or improvement of cultivar resistance.

Key words: maize germplasm, Pythium stalk rot, Gibberella stalk rot, drilling inoculation, non-inoculated resistance identification, precise characterization

Table 1

Classification of disease score of maize resistance to stalk rot"

病情分级Scale 描述Description
1 病原物未从接种处扩展 No visible spread of the pathogen from inoculation point
3 病斑扩展面积占接种茎节总面积1%—25% 1%-25% of inoculated internode symptomatic
5 病斑扩展面积占接种茎节总面积26%—50% 26%-50% of inoculated internode symptomatic
7 病斑扩展面积占接种茎节总面积51%—75% 51%-75% of inoculated internode symptomatic
9 病斑扩展面积占接种茎节总面积76%—100%,或扩展至相邻茎节
76%-100% of inoculated internode symptomatic, or spread to adjacent internodes

Table 2

The criteria of evaluation of maize resistance to stalk rot"

茎腐病平均病情级别SRSA 抗性Resistance
≤1.5 高抗HR
1.6—3.5 抗R
3.6—5.5 中抗MR
5.6—7.5 感S
7.6—9.0 高感HS

Table 3

Some maize germplasm with different levels of resistance to stalk rot from naturally infected identification during 2016-2018"

名称 Name 发病率 Incidence (%) 抗性 Resistance 名称 Name 发病率 Incidence (%) 抗性 Resistance
冀资H676 Jizi H676 27.3 MR G285 0.0 HR
C89 0.0 HR 郑32P75 Zheng32P75 7.1 R
冀资14L88 Jizi 14L88 26.7 MR HRB16074 0.0 HR
16SD069 0.0 HR 冀资C32 Jizi C32 23.1 MR
丹337 Dan 337 16.0 MR 辽785 Liao 785 20.8 MR
M02N-23 27.3 MR 辽2235 Liao 2235 8.3 R
Y1747 9.1 R 吉资1034 Jizi 1034 28.6 MR
陇1627 Long 1627 24.3 MR 郑507 Zheng 507 14.2 MR
16NS545 7.1 R 郑134 Zheng 134 7.7 R
丹599 Dan 599 4.2 HR 214CTS 0.0 HR
吉资1046 Jizi1046 0.0 HR 5N76 4.2 HR
郑696 Zheng 696 21.4 MR C89 0.0 HR
HRB16232 15.4 MR Y378 4.5 HR
T628358 0.0 HR 161085 0.0 HR
W314 3.8 HR 121842 9.2 R
X48B 4.8 HR Ds-12a 3.8 HR
辽50482 Liao 50482 0.0 HR X901 3.6 HR
15-5C22 25.0 MR 浚248 Xun 248 3.8 HR
16Y1327-6 7.1 R 487 12.5 MR
PH6JM 3.4 HR F33 12.5 MR
PHPMO 0.0 HR 辽785 Liao 785 0.0 HR
273 0.0 HR Pa91 0.0 HR
沈135 Shen 135 9.1 R MC7549 4.2 HR
16SD088 16.7 MR 铁0519 Tie0519 8.3 R
Y1711 4.8 HR X324 0.0 HR
Y1720 0.0 HR Y1630 4.2 HR
Y1754 4.2 HR H050 0.0 HR
T5551 20.0 MR YCM 14.3 MR
T5553 16.7 MR YCF 15.4 MR

Fig. 1

Inoculation of maize stalk rot A: Soil inoculation; B: Drilling inoculation"

Fig. 2

Correlation analysis between soil inoculation and drilling inoculation for screening of maize resistance to stalk rot A: Pythium stalk rot, PSR; B: Gibberella stalk rot, GSR"

Fig. 3

The symptom of maize Pythium stalk rot in the field A: Resistant; B: Highly susceptible"

Fig. 4

The symptom of maize stalk pith tissues caused by Pythium stalk rot A: Resistant; B: Highly susceptible"

Fig. 5

Correlation analysis between maize resistance to PSR at different environments during 2018-2020 A: Pairwise comparisons between any two sites among six ones; B: Pairwise comparisons between three annual comprehensive resistance"

Table 4

Twenty-four maize germplasm with stable resistance to Pythium stalk rot from precise characterization during 2018-2020"

材料名称
Name		 2018 2019 2020 最高抗级Scale 综合抗性Resistance 杂种优势群Heterotic group
北京昌平Changping, Beijing 河南长葛Changge, Henan 北京昌平Changping, Beijing 河南原阳Yuanyang, Henan 北京昌平Changping, Beijing 河南原阳Yuanyang, Henan
冀资H676 Jizi H676 5.0 4.7 4.7 5.5 5.3 3.0 5.5 MR SS
辽2235 Liao 2235 5.3 4.9 5.1 3.7 4.4 5.5 5.5 MR PB
冀资14L88 Jizi 14L88 3.9 3.5 4.7 4.0 4.7 4.5 4.7 MR NSS
冀资14L101 Jizi 14L101 4.3 3.0 3.8 4.3 3.3 4.2 4.3 MR NSS
丹337 Dan 337 3.9 3.1 5.5 2.8 - - 5.5 MR PB
M02N-23 5.1 3.5 5.5 3.0 - - 5.5 MR 混合群Mixed
Y1747 5.2 5.4 4.9 4.5 - - 5.4 MR 混合群Mixed
16SD088 4.2 3.2 3.9 4.2 - - 4.2 MR 混合群Mixed
Pa91 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.8 - - 4.8 MR 混合群Mixed
陇1627 Long 1627 - - - - 5.5 5.3 5.5 MR —
16NS545 - - - - 1.4 3.5 3.5 R Iodent
郑507 Zheng 507 - - - - 5.5 4.6 5.5 MR NSS
郑134 Zheng 134 - - - - 4.5 3.6 4.5 MR NSS
郑696 Zheng 696 - - - - 4.7 3.4 4.7 MR NSS
HRB16232 - - - - 3.3 3.1 3.3 R NSS
T628358 - - - - 2.8 3.4 3.4 R SS
161085 - - - - 3.1 2.7 3.1 R NSS
121842 - - - - 4.3 2.4 4.3 MR 混合群Mixed
辽50482 Liao 50482 - - - - 4.3 3.2 4.3 MR NSS
15-5C22 - - - - 4.5 3.5 4.5 MR —
16Y1327-6 - - - - 4.7 3.9 4.7 MR NSS
487 - - - - 3.5 3.0 3.5 R 混合群Mixed
F33 - - - - 5.3 4.5 5.3 MR NSS
273 - - - - 5.3 2.4 5.3 MR NSS

Fig. 6

The symptom of maize stem pith tissues caused by Gibberella stalk rot A: Resistant; B: Highly susceptible"

Fig. 7

Correlation analysis between maize resistance to GSR at different environments during 2018-2020 A: Pairwise comparisons between any two sites among six ones; B: Pairwise comparisons between three annual comprehensive resistance"

Table 5

Five maize germplasm with stable resistance to Gibberella stalk rot from precision identification during 2018-2020"

材料名称
Name		 2018 2019 2020 最高抗级Scale 综合抗性Resistance 杂种优势群Heterotic group
吉林梨树Lishu,
Jilin		 辽宁沈阳Shenyang, Liaoning 吉林公主岭Gongzhuling, Jilin 辽宁沈阳Shenyang, Liaoning 吉林公主岭Gongzhuling, Jilin 辽宁沈阳Shenyang, Liaoning
冀资C32 Jizi C32 1.3 4.6 3.6 4.0 3.8 4.6 4.6 MR 混合群Mixed
辽785 Liao 785 3.0 4.4 3.3 4.3 3.1 4.8 4.8 MR PB
辽2235 Liao 2235 1.6 3.3 4.2 3.6 3.8 4.4 4.4 MR PB
吉资1034 Jizi 1034 3.1 3.8 3.8 4.5 - - 4.5 MR Lancaster
16SD088 1.0 3.8 2.7 3.6 - - 3.8 MR 混合群Mixed

Fig. 8

Correlation analysis between PSR and GSR resistance in 690 maize germplasm"

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[1] QU Qing,LI LiNa,LIU Jun,WANG ShaoXin,CAO ZhiYan,DONG JinGao. Resistance Evaluation of Some Commonly Used Maize Germplasm Resources to Fusarium Diseases in China [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(17): 2962-2971.
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