Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (6): 1270-1279.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.06.016

• ANIMAL SCIENCE·VETERINARY SCIENCE·RESOURCE INSECT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

The Temperature-Humidity Index Estimated by the Changes of Surface Temperature of Broilers at Different Ages

YuYan YANG(),YaoWen LI,Shuang XING,MinHong ZHANG,JingHai FENG()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193
  • Received:2020-01-17 Accepted:2021-01-11 Online:2021-03-16 Published:2021-03-25
  • Contact: JingHai FENG E-mail:279894273@qq.com;fjh6289@126.com

RichHTML

46

PDF

203

Abstract:

【Objective】The present study was conducted to estimate the temperature-humidity index (THI) based on the variations of surface temperature (ST) of broilers raised at different relative humidity (RH) levels and increasing ambient temperature (AT). 【Method】At day of 28, 35, 42 and 49, thirty AA broilers were raised in two controlled climate chambers. The RH of two chambers was set at 50% and 80%, respectively, and the AT in two chambers was set at a same procedure with increasing gradually by one degree per 0.5 h from 18 ℃ to 33 ℃. The ST of broilers, as well as the AT in two chambers was recorded at 2 min intervals using mini temperature data loggers. The wet-bulb temperature of two chambers was recorded at 10 min intervals. The THI model as as follow: THI = a*Tdry-bulb + (1-a)* Twet-bulb, the ‘a’ was weighting coefficient of Tdry-bulb, which was calculated when the coefficient of correlation between THI and ST reach to the maximum. 【Result】When the AT exceeded 24 ℃, the ST of broilers increased linearly with the AT and was affected by the RH. The present study estimated the THI for broilers at different ages by using the data when AT exceeded 24 ℃. The THI models for broilers at different age were as follow: THId28=0.82Tdb+0.18Twb; THId35=0.69Tdb+0.31Twb; THId42=0.67Tdb+0.33Twb; THId49=0.61 Tdb+0.39Twb. The linear correlation coefficients between THI and ST reached more than 0.96. In two independent experiments, it was verified again that there was a linear relationship between THI and ST, and the predicted ST by THI model was basically consistent with the actual measured results. 【Conclusion】The present results indicated that THI model had a good linear relationship with ST and was suitable for the evaluation of warm environment when the AT exceeded 24℃. The THI models for broilers at different ages were different, and the weighting coefficient of wet bulb temperature in THI models were increasing with the increase of broiler age.

Key words: increasing ambient temperature, broilers chicken, surface temperature, temperature-humidity index

Fig. 1

The temperature and RH of controlled climate chambers (a) and the measured values of the surface temperature (b) and core temperature (c) of a single broiler (at 28 days old)"

Table 1

The inflection point temperature of the surface and core temperature of broiler chickens, the ambient temperature when the core temperature rises by 1.0℃ and the THI value"

体表温度开始升高时
When the ST starts to rise		 体核温度开始升高时
When the CT starts to rise		 体核温度增加1.0℃时
When the CT increases by 1.0℃
干球温度
Dry bulb temperature		 THI 平均值
Average
value		 干球温度
Dry bulb temperature		 THI 平均值
Average
value		 干球温度
Dry bulb temperature		 THI 平均值
Average
value
28日龄 28 days
50% 23.6 22.3 22.4 26.9 25.5 25.6 33.6 32.0 31.4
80% 23.1 22.5 26.2 25.6 31.6 30.8
35日龄 35 days
50% 23.0 20.8 21.2 25.0 22.8 23.2 31.5 28.9 29.5
80% 22.4 21.6 24.6 23.7 31.4 30.1
42日龄 42 days
50% 22.7 20.2 20.7 24.3 21.8 22.2 30.9 28.0 27.9
80% 22.1 21.2 23.5 22.6 28.8 27.9
49日龄 49 days
50% 22.0 19.3 19.9 23.8 20.9 21.6 30.6 27.7 27.9
80% 21.7 20.5 23.3 22.2 29.1 28.1

Fig. 2

Effects of dry bulb temperature on body temperature of broilers under different RH The RH is the set value, not the actual value; the ambient temperature corresponding to each data point is the average value of 15 measurements within 30 minutes; the surface or core temperature corresponding to each data point is the average value of 15 measurements within 30 minutes of 15 broilers"

Fig. 3

Effects of weight value of dry bulb temperature on the correlation coefficient between expected THI and surface temperature"

Fig. 4

Validation of broiler THI model"

Fig. 5

The correlation between surface temperature and core temperature of broilers"

Fig. 6

Division of THI values of broilers at different ages (The lower limit of the thermal comfort zone and the upper limit of the heat stress zone have not been determined)"

[1] LARA L, ROSTAGNO M. Impact of heat stress on poultry production. Animals, 2013,3(2):356-369.
pmid: 26487407
[2] FARAG M R, ALAGAWANY M. Physiological alterations of poultry to the high environmental temperature. Journal of Thermal Biology, 2018,76:101-106.
pmid: 30143284
[3] NAWAB A, IBTISHAM F, LI G, KIESER B, WU J, LIU W, ZHAO Y, NAWAB Y, LI K, XIAO M, AN L. Heat stress in poultry production: mitigation strategies to overcome the future challenges facing the global poultry industry. Journal of Thermal Biology, 2018,78:131-139.
pmid: 30509629
[4] SUGIHARTO S, YUDIARTI T, ISROLI I, WIDIASTUTI E, KUSUMANTI E. Dietary supplementation of probiotics in poultry exposed to heat stress - a review. Annals of Animal Science, 2017,17(3):591-604.
doi: 10.1515/aoas-2016-0062
[5] LIN H, ZHAMG H, DU R. Thermoregulation responses of broiler chickens to humidity at different ambient temperatures. Four weeks of age. Poultry Science, 2005,84(8):1173-1178.
doi: 10.1093/ps/84.8.1173 pmid: 16156199
[6] YAHAV S, GOLDFELD S, PLAVNIK I. Physiological responses of chickens and turkeys to relative humidity during exposure to high ambient temperature. Journal of Thermal Biology, 1995,20(3):245-253.
doi: 10.1016/0306-4565(94)00046-L
[7] YAHAV S. Relative humidity at moderate ambient temperatures: its effect on male broiler chickens and turkeys. British Poultry Science, 2000,41(1):94-100.
doi: 10.1080/00071660086475 pmid: 10821530
[8] EGBUNIKE G. The Relative importance of dry- and wet-bulb temperatures in the thermorespiratory function in the chicken. Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe A, 1979,26(7):573-579.
doi: 10.1111/tbed.1979.26.issue-7
[9] XIN H, DESHAZER J A, BECK M M. Responses of pre-fasted growing turkeys to acute heat exposure. Transactions of the ASAE, 1992,35(1):315-318.
doi: 10.13031/2013.28605
[10] BROWN-BRANDL T M, BECK M M, SCHULTE D D, PARKHURST A M, DESHAZER J A. Temperature humidity index for growing tom turkeys. Transactions of the ASAE, 1997,40(1):203-209.
doi: 10.13031/2013.21246
[11] TAO X P, XIN H W. Temperature-humidity-velocity index for market- size broilers. ASAE Meeting Paper, 2003, No. 034037.
[12] 杨语嫣, 王雪洁, 张敏红, 冯京海. 升温环境下肉鸡体温和呼吸频率对热中性区上限温度估测. 中国农业科学, 2019,52(3):550-557.
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.03.015
YANG Y Y, WANG Y J, ZHANG M H, FENG J H. The upper limit temperature of thermoneutral zone estimated by the changes of temperature and respiration rate of the broilers. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019,52(3):550-557. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.03.015
[13] CHANG Y, WANG X J, FENG J H, ZHANG M H, DIAO H J, ZHANG S S, PENG Q Q, ZHOU Y, LI M, LI X. Real-time variations in body temperature of laying hens with increasing ambient temperature at different relative humidity levels. Poultry Science, 2018,97(9) 3119-3125.
doi: 10.3382/ps/pey184 pmid: 29771384
[14] 甄龙, 石玉祥, 张敏红, 冯京海, 张少帅, 彭骞骞. 持续偏热环境对肉鸡生长性能, 糖脂代谢及解偶联蛋白 mRNA 表达的影响. 动物营养学报, 2015,27(7):2060-2069.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.07.011
ZHEN L, SHI Y X, ZHANG M H, FENG J H, ZHANG S S, PENG Q Q. Effects of constant moderate temperatures on performance, glucose and lipid metabolism, expression of uncoupling protein of broilers. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2015,27(7):2060-2069. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.07.011
[15] 苏红光, 张敏红, 冯京海, 吴鑫, 胡春红. 持续冷热环境对肉鸡生产性能、糖代谢和解偶联蛋白mRNA表达的影响. 动物营养学报, 2014,26(11):3276-3283.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.11.013
SU H G, ZHANG M H, FENG J H, WU X, HU C H. Effects of Prolonged cold and hot environment on performance, glucose metabolism and uncoupling protein mRNA expression of broilers. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2014,26(11):3276-3283. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.11.013
[16] GONZALEZ-ESQUERRA R, LEESON S. Effects of acute versus chronic heat stress on broiler response to dietary protein. Poultry Science, 2005,84(10):1562-1569.
doi: 10.1093/ps/84.10.1562 pmid: 16335125
[17] OLANREWAJU H A, PURSWELL J L, COLLIER S D. Effect of ambient temperature and light intensity on physiological reactions of heavy broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 2010,89(12):2668-2677.
doi: 10.3382/ps.2010-00806 pmid: 21076106
[18] National Research Council. Nutrition Requirements of Poultry, 9th. Revised. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press, 1994.
[19] INGRAM D L. The effect of humidity on temperature regulation and cutaneous water loss in the young pig. Research in Veterinary Science, 1965,6(6), 9.
[20] BIANCA W. Relative importance or dry- and wet-bulb temperature in causing heat stress in cattle. Nature, 1962,195:251.
pmid: 13868872
[21] CARGILL B F, STEWART R E. Effect of humidity on total heat and total vapor dissipation of Holstein cows. Transactions of the ASAE, 1966,9(5):702-706, 712.
doi: 10.13031/2013.40077
[22] KABUGA J D. The influence of thermal conditions on rectal temperature, respiration rate and pulse rate of lactating Holstein- Friesian cows in the humid tropics. International Journal of Bio-meteorology, 1992,36:146-150.
[23] WOLFENSON D. The effect of acclimatization on blood flow and its distribution in normothermic and hyperthermic domestic fowl. Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology Part A Physiology, 1986,85(4):739-742.
[24] WOLFENSON D, FREI Y F, SNAPIR N. Heat stress effects on capillary blood flow and its redistribution in the laying hen. Pflügers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, 1981,390(1):86-93.
doi: 10.1007/BF00582717
[25] GOEL N K, STOLEN R H, MORGAN SKIM J K, DAN K, PICKRELL G. Glossary of terms for thermal physiology. Second edition. Revised by The Commission for Thermal Physiology of the International Union of Physiological Sciences (IUPS Thermal Commission). Pflugers Archiv, 1987,410(4/5):567-587.
doi: 10.1007/BF00586542
[26] SAVAGE M V, BRENGELMANN G L. Control of skin blood flow in the neutral zone of human body temperature regulation. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1996,80(4):1249.
doi: 10.1152/jappl.1996.80.4.1249 pmid: 8926253
[27] BRENGELMANN G L, SAVAGE M V. Temperature regulation in the neutral zone. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2010,813(1):39-50.
doi: 10.1111/nyas.1997.813.issue-1
[28] MALHEIROS R D, MORAES V M B, BRUNO L D G, MALHEIROS E B, FURLAN R L, MACARI M. Environmental temperature and cloacal and surface temperatures of broiler chicks in first week post-hatch. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 2000,9(1):111-117.
doi: 10.1093/japr/9.1.111
[29] NASCIMENTO, G R, NAAS I A, PEREIRA D F, BARACHO M S, GARCIA R. Assessment of broiler surface temperature variation when exposed to different air temperatures. Revista Brasileira De Ciência Avícola, 2011,13(4):259-263.
doi: 10.1590/S1516-635X2011000400007
[30] 林海. 肉鸡实感温度的系统模型分析及热应激下的营养生理反应[D]. 北京:中国农业科学院, 1996.
LIN H. Study on systems model of effective temperature and responses of nutritional physiology to heat stress in broilers[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1996. (in Chinese)
[31] HILLMAN P E, SCOTT N R, TIENHOVEN A V. Physiological responses and adaptations to hot and cold environments. In: Stress Physiology in Livestock. CRC Press, Inc, M. K. Yousef, ed. Boca Raton, FL. 1985: 27-28.
[1] YANG YuYan,WANG XueJie,ZHANG MinHong,FENG JingHai. The Upper Limit Temperature of Thermoneutral Zone Estimated by the Changes of Temperature and Respiration Rate of the Broilers [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(3): 550-557.
[2] ,,,,. Analysis of the Factors Influencing Surface Temperature in Summer Maize Field [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2006, 39(01): 48-56 .
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备09089781号-30
Copyright 2018 © Editorial office of Scientia Agricultura Sinica
Tel: 86-010-82106279    E-mail: zgnykx@mail.caas.net.cn
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd