北京山区油松林地菌根性食用菌发生规律

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.16.010

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of macrofungi in the pine forests of Beijing mountainous area and their interdependence with the forests, and to provide theoretical data for sustainable exploitation of the pine forests and wild fungi resources. 【Method】 The mycorrhizal edible fungal species, occurrence time, yield, site condition, etc. were analyzed by using 4 years point-survey and temporary investigation methods in pine forests of Beijing mountainous area. 【Result】 It was found that Chroogomphus rutilus and Suillus granulatus are the two most common species of mycorrhizal edible fungi in pine forests, the third high-yielding species is Tricholoma terreum. S. granulatus and C. rutilus usually distribute at 400 to 1 100 meters altitude, August to October, and 4-5 crops in heavy rainfall years. The fruit bodies mature and product spores after about 5 days of their occurrence, and rotted after about one week in high temperature seasons. When the rainfall is enough in spring and autumn, S. granulatus can also appear in early summer and late autumn. After an enough rainfall, about 3 to 5 days of high temperature is necessary for the fungi occurrence. The mycelia of mycorrhizal fungi are very bushy in the soil of mushroom shiro under the pine forests. and the plant species show rich diversity in the shiro area. 【Conclusion】 C. rutilus and S. granulatus are the dominant mycorrhizal edible fungi in the pine forests of Beijing mountainous area. The meteorological factors such as rainfall, temperature are very important for the mushroom occurrence time and yield. With different altitudes and slope positions of pine forests, the occurrence time and dominant species of macro-fungi are also different.

Key words: edible mycorrhizal mushroom, Chroogomphus rutilus, Suillus granulatus, Pinus tabulaeformis, occurrence regularity

CHEN Qing-Jun, NIU Yu-Rong, HAO Ce, ZHANG Guo-Qing, QIN Ling, LI Jin-Hai, LIU Song, KUI He-Liang. Occurrence Regularity of Mycorrhizal Edible Fungi in the Pine Forests of Beijing Mountain Area[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(16): 3377-3385.

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