双孢蘑菇采后病害及控制技术研究进展

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.23.016

Abstract

Abstract:

Agaricus bisporus (A. bisporus) is one of the most widely cultivated, distributed, and highest-yielding edible fungi in the world. It has excellent qualities due to rich in nutrients and protein, while low in fat, as a food, and tastes tender and delicious. In some regions of China, the A. bisporus industry plays an important role in poverty alleviation and in promoting rural economic development. The mushroom is primarily consumed as fresh food, so appearance and freshness are the main factors determining its commercial value. However, due to its vigorous postharvest physiological activity and lack of a distinct protective structure on the surface, it is highy susceptible to enzymatic browning caused by external factors, such as impact, temperature, and humidity. Additionally, it is easy to be infected by pathogens, such as Pseudomonas, Trichoderma, and Verticillium, leading to browning, decay, and rot, which significantly diminish its appearance, edibility, and commercial value. Due to the large number and variety of pathogens, the current research on postharvest diseases of A. bisporus is mainly focused on disease symptoms, with limited studies on the pathogenic mechanisms of various pathogens. Disease prevention and control for edible fungi like A. bisporus primarily occur during the agricultural cultivation stage. However, postharvest diseases are also unavoidable. Currently, integrated management approaches using physical and chemical methods are commonly employed, such as low temperature and pressure, irradiation, modified atmosphere packaging, and the application of chemical agents like benzoic acid, ascorbic acid, and 1-Methylcyclopropene. Green and safe biological control technologies have become a research hotspot in recent years, including the use of antagonistic bacteria from the genera Pseudomonas and Bacillus. However, many studies on these antagonistic bacteria are still at the laboratory stage, and their practical applications are still a long way off. In recent years, with the expansion of A. bisporus cultivation and industry, the sector has faced numerous urgent issues, including the complexity and diversity of pathogens, which makes it difficult to take targeted measures to control the spread of pathogens promptly, and the lack of safe and effective control products and systematic control measures. To advance research on postharvest diseases, browning mechanisms, and disease control in A. bisporus, this review introduced the main infectious and physiological diseases affecting A. bisporus, systematically summarized the melanogenesis pathways involved in browning mechanisms, and reviewed the current research progress in disease control. This work aimed to provide a theoretical foundation for postharvest preservation techniques for A. bisporus and to contribute to the green, healthy, and sustainable development of the edible fungi industry.

Key words: Agaricus bisporus, physiological diseases, infectious diseases, browning mechanism, preservation techniques

WANG WenJun, JIANG HaiYan, TIAN Hao, MENG Kuo, GOU WenQing. Research Progress on Postharvest Disease and Its Control Techniques of Agaricus bisporus[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(23): 4794-4805.

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References 73

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细菌性病害 Bacterial disease	病原菌 Pathogenic bacteria	染病症状 Symptom of infection	参考文献 Reference
褐斑病 Brown blotch disease	托拉斯假单胞菌 P. tolaasii	表面褐色凹陷斑点 Brown sunken spots on the surface	[7]
菌柄坏死病 Internal stipe necrosis disease	美洲爱文氏菌 E. americana	菌柄出现棕色坏死 Brown necrosis of the stipe	[8]
空腔病 Cavity disease	伯克霍尔德菌 B. gladioli pv. agaricicola	从菌盖到菌柄内部的斑点或侵蚀 Spotting or erosion from the cap to the inside of the stipe	[9]
干腐病 Mummy disease	荧光假单胞菌 P. fluorescens	菌盖歪斜，菌柄膨胀 Caps skewed, stems swollen	[10]

真菌性病害 Fungal disease	病原菌 Pathogenic bacteria	染病症状 Symptom of infection	参考文献 Reference
干泡病 Dry bubble disease	菌生轮枝霉 V. fungicola	菌柄灰白色干瘪状，菌盖黄褐色皮革状 Stalk grayish-white shriveled, cap yellowish-brown leathery	[20]
绿霉病 Green mould disease	哈茨木霉，侵袭性木霉 T. harzianum, T. aggressivum	灰白色霉层，绿色菌丝，腐烂 Grayish-white mold, green mycelium, rotting	[18,27]
褐腐病 Wet bubble disease	有害疣孢霉 M. perniciosa	畸形，腐烂，有琥珀色液滴，散发恶臭气味 Malformation, rotting, amber droplets, foul odor	[21]
蛛网病 Cobweb disease	嗜菌葡枝霉 C. mycophilum	白色蛛网状菌丝团，菌盖棕色斑点，子实体呈淡褐色，腐烂 White cobwebby mycelium mass, brown spots on the cap, light brown, rotting substrate	[25]

Research Progress on Postharvest Disease and Its Control Techniques of Agaricus bisporus

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