龙眼果肉提取物改善东莨菪碱诱导小鼠学习记忆功能

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.21.014

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this experiment is to study the effect of different doses of both ethanol extract and aqueous extract of longan pulp on learning and memory function in dementia mice induced by scopolamine and to clarify the mechanism of longan pulp in improving learning and memory of imparment mice.【Method】The contents of the main active substances in the ethanol extract and water extract of longan pulp were analyzed. SPF male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 6 groups for 28 d administration: normal control group, model group, low/high dose longan pulp ethanol extract group (150 mg?kg^-1/300 mg?kg^-1), low/high dose longan pulp aqueous extract group (150 mg?kg^-1/300 mg?kg^-1). At the end of last time administration, the passive avoidance tests were performed after mice received scopolamine intraperitoneal injection, the indexes of step-through latency and shuttle number were marked as acquisition trial, the passive avoidance tests were performed again after 24 h which was marked as retention trial. Then detection of the antioxidant activities of serum and brain, such as SOD, GSH-Px, MDA, as well as ChAT and AChE of brain tissue were carried out. 【Result】By analyzing the constituents of longan pulp extract, it was found that longan pulp aqueous extract contains mainly polysaccharide and protein, and ethanol extract contains not only carbohydrates, but also abundant phenolic acid, flavonoid and phospholipid substances. Moreover, the content of total phenols, total flavonoids and total phospholipid in ethanol extraction was significantly higher than that of aqueous extract. The shuttle number of model mice in acquisition trial of passive avoidance test in 5 min (2.89) was 6.09 times of normal control (0.46). Meanwhile shuttle numbers of the high dose longan pulp ethanol extract and aqueous extract groups were 0.75 and 0.56, respectively, the numbers had no significant difference with normal control. The step-through latency of model group in acquisition trial of passive avoidance test was decreased to 130 s (normal control group was 300 s, P＜0.05). Compared with model group, each dose of longan pulp ethanol extract and aqueous extract could significantly increase the dementia mice in the step-through latency of passive avoidance test (P＜0.05) with dose-dependent, especially the high dose longan pulp ethanol extract and aqueous extract group (289.18 s, 290.80 s, respectively,) basically reached normal level. Biochemical examinations revealed that each dose of longan pulp ethanol extract and aqueous extract could significantly increase the activity of ChAT in brain of dementia mice and significantly reduce AChE activity (P＜0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. At the same dose level, aqueous extract of longan pulp performed better than ethanol extract. ChAT activity recovered normal in high dose longan pulp ethanol extract group, low/high dose longan pulp aqueous extract groups. In the antioxidation, compared with the model group, longan pulp ethanol extract in high dose group was significantly increased SOD and GSH-Px activities and decreased MDA content significantly in serum and brain of dementia mice (P＜0.05), basically reached normal, the effect was better than the same dose of aqueous extract of longan pulp.【Conclusion】Both ethanol extract and aqueous extract of longan pulp have repairing effects on memory deficits and behavioral disorders produced by scopolamine. It was suggested that ethanol extract and aqueous extract of longan pulp may be bene?cial to the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, but their action mechanisms might be different: to promote learning and memory, aqueous extract of longan pulp mainly regulates cholinergic nerve systemby polysaccharide or glycoprotein, and ethanol extract is mainly by means of providing antioxidation protection, phenolic acid, flavonoid and phospholipid are principal bioactive substances.

Key words: longan pulp, scopolamine, learning and memory function, choline acetyltransterase, antioxidation

BAI Ya-juan, LIU Lei, ZHANG Rui-fen, DENG Yuan-yuan, HUANG Fei, ZHANG Ming-wei. Longan Pulp Extracts Ameliorate Scopolamine-Induced Learning and Memory of Impairment Mice[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(21): 4203-4213.

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