Abstract: A column experiment was conducted with Eum-Orthic Anthrosols (Cinnamon soils) to study the effects of spatial coupling of water, nitrogen and phosphorus on leaf area, plant height, tillers, biomass, R/S and harvest index (HI) of winter wheat. The column consist of three layers (each soil layer is 30cm thick) with a 2cm layer of coarse sand between them for obstructing water and nutrients exchanging. The results showed that compared with 0-90cm soil-moisture (W), the effect of the water condition of 0-30cm soil-dry and 30-90cm soil-moisture (D) on total leaf area of jointing stage was ruleless, but leaf area and plant height of tassel stage reduced 7.03% and 3.77% separately. Comparing the treatment of fertilizer at the same layer, that the effective tillers reduced 2.6(n/plant) of P treatment(applying phosphorus) than NP treatment (mixing nitrogen and phosphorus); that the difference of the leaf area and plant height was not significant between P treatment and NP treatment; that leaf area, plant height and effective tillers of N treatment (applying nitrogen) and CK were lower markedly to P treatment and NP treatment, which is related to P lacking badly and N providing enough. Comparing the treatment of layer with the same fertilizer, that leaf area, plant height and effective tillers of P and NP applying layer of 0-90cm and 0-30cm were higher markedly than of 30-60cm and 60-90cm; but the rule was not obvious at the treatment of N applying in different layer. The above-ground biomass, root biomass and HI were lower inconsistently, but R/S higher under the water condition of D than W. Under each water treatment, that above-ground biomass of NP treatment was maximal, followed by P treatment, then was N treatment, but root biomass and R/S were maximal at the treatment of P. Comparing the treatment of layer with the same fertilizer, that above-ground biomass and root biomass of N applying layer of 0-90cm was maximal, of 0-30cm was lowest; that above-ground biomass, root biomass and R/S of P applying layer of 0-90cm and 0-30cm were higher markedly than of 30-60cm and 60-90cm; that above-ground biomass and root biomass of NP applying layer of 0-90cm was maximal, followed by 0-30cm, 30-60cm and 60-90cm orderly. Because the soil was full of nitrogen, applying N in layer of 0-30cm was inhibitory to biomass，but of 0-90cm was stimulative, which is more obvious under the condition of D. The biomass of crop will be higher mixing nitrogen and phosphorus in layer of 0-30cm, regardless of the condition of D and W.